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TheAttributiveClause(定语从句)Grammar-revision:
定语从句高考如何考?高考对定语从句的考查频率相当高且具有以下特点:
1.考查关系代词和关系副词的基本区别;2.考查介词+关系代词引导的定语从句;3.考查与强调句的区别4.which,as引导的非限定语从句指代全文5.与名词从句中that,what的区别。6.考查与并列句的区别(eg:oneofthemoroneofwhich)7.在阅读与完型中对句意的影响。先行词关系词定语从句Maryisagirl关系代词关系副词Maryisagirl.Shehasalonghair.Mary是一位长发的姑娘。Questions:1.关系词有哪些?他们在从句的作用是…?2.关系词与先行词的关系是…Shehasalonghair.who关系词(先行词在从句中的替身)关系代词关系副词指代人或物;在从句中充当定语:指代物;在从句中充当主、宾语:指代人;在从句中充当主、宾语:在从句中充当地点状语在从句中充当时间状语Thereasonwhy…Adding:which,as引导非限定性定语从句时,它们指代全文.that,who,whomthat,whichwhosewherewhen作定语从句的小技巧:在确定该题是定语从句后可以:1.排除无关的关系词;2.根据关系词排除指人或指物;3.根据逗号排除that;4.根据从句的句子结构先看是否缺主、宾再看是否缺定语,最后才看是否缺地点或时间状语。指人:指物:考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词1、找出定语从句中是否主语和宾语都齐全。如齐全用关系副词。用什么关系副词看先行词。Iwillneverforgetthedays(______Istayedwithyou).when____JurassicParkisaboutapark______(averyrichmankeepsdifferentKindsofdinosaurs).___________where1958wastheyear______(Spielbergmadehisfirstrealfilm).__________Pleasegivemethereason_____(youmadesuchagreatsuccess).________whenwhyMorningisthebesttime______(youpractisereadingaloud)._________whenDoyourememberthelake_____(youfirstmetyourgirlfriend.)___________where2、如定语从句中缺宾语,确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物动词,如是,用关系代词,如不是,用关系副词。考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词Yesterdaywewenttovisitthehouse______(thegreatwriterusedtolive)._______whereinwhichThehouse______(theybuiltin1987)stayedupintheearthquake.whichthat/______Luckilynoneofthepeople_____(Iknow)werekilledintheearthquake.whowhomthat/_____Myfatherwasbornintheyear______(theSecondWorldWarbrokeout)._________________________inwhichwhen3、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构,有主语,则用关系副词。Kunmingisabeautifulplace______(flowersareseenalltheyearround).whereOctober1stistheday________(newChina
wasfounded).whenThewindow(______wasopenedthismorning)hasbeenbroken.WhichthatThemeeting(______willbeheldnextweek)isveryimportant.Whichthat考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词考点二:that和which的选择(1)that指物时一般可以与which互换,但在下列情况引导词只用that,不用which。
①当先行词为all,much,little,few,none,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代词时,如:
a.Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.b.Iamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.c.Thereislittle(that)theenemycandobesidessurrender.②
先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much修饰时:I’vereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.考点二:that和which的选择③先行词是序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。Thisisthebestbook(that)I’veeverread.Thisisthefirstcomposition(that)hehaswritteninEnglish.④先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast修饰时。Thatwhitefloweristheonlyone(that)Ireallylike.Thisistheverybook(that)Iwanttofind.⑤
当有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时,这个定语从句要用that而不用who(whom)和which引导。如:Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools
(that)hehadvisited.⑥先行词是疑问词who,which,what
时,定语从句用that而不用who,(whom)和which引导。考点二:that和which的选择Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?Whichofusthatknowssomethingaboutphysicsdoesnotknowthis?Whatthatisonthetablebelongstome?⑦
当关系代词在从句中作表语时:Maryisnolongerthegirl(that)sheusedtobe.Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatitusedtobe.
Which可以引导非限定性定语从句,可用于介词后,其先行词可是一个词,也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。
1Sheheardaterriblenoise,______broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that2.Theweatherturnedouttobegood,___wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it考点二:that和which的选择(2)只用which的情况BB考点三:as与which引导的定语从句※对这两个词作如下归纳:1、如果定语放主句后,即引用as也可以用which.Hefailedtotheexam,as(=which)isnatural.Sheseemsascientist,as(=which)infactsheis.Grammarisnotadeadrule,which(=as)Ihavesaidbefore.2、如果从句在主句前,这时要用as而不用which引导定语从句。如:
Asweallknow,hisparentswerekilledinthewar.Asweallknow,
theearthisround.3.用于thesame…as…,such…as…,as…as…,so…as…中,一般用as。e.g.Suchbooks
asyoutellme
areinteresting.ThisisthesamebookasIlentyouyesterday.4.as代表前面主句意思时,有“正如…”之意,而which没有此意思,从句中的动词常是expect,know,see,think,want,suppose等。Hewonthematch,aswehadexpected.Heagreedtotheplan,aswastobeexpected.Thepolicewerelookingforhim,ashethought.考点三:as与which引导的定语从句Hereissobigastoneasnomancanlift.5.as在从句中作主语时,后面常接行为动词的被动语态,如beknown,besaid,bereported等,如从句中行为动词是主动语态,一般要用which作主语。e.g.Shehasbeenlateagain,aswasexpected.Tomhasmadegreatprogress,whichmadeushappy.6.如果从句的内容对主句内容起着消极作用,或者说导致的结果,则用which.a.Hecheatedhisfriendofmachmoney,whichwasverydisgraceful.b.Hecamebacklate,whichmadehismotherworried.考点三:as与which引导的定语从句考点四:关系代词前介词的确定如何选定介词:1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系,请体会:e.g.Isthatthenewspaper
forwhichyouoftenwritearticles?2.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配,如:e.g.CanyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomsaboutwhichI’msure.3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯,请体会:e.g.1949wastheyearinwhichtheP.R.C.wasfounded.4.非限制性定与从句中,要表示先行词的一部分时,可用“数词/代词+of+关系代词”的结构,如:e.g.Thereare50studentsinourclass,two-thirdsofwhomhavebeentoBeijing.5.Whose从句可转换为“
of+关系代词”型,如:e.g.Theyliveinahouse,whosedooropenstothesouth.
Theylivedinahouse,ofwhichthedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,thedoorofwhichopentothesouth.考点四:关系代词前介词的确定关系副词when,where,why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。如:when=in/on/at…+which,where=in/on/at…+which,
why=for+which
介词的位置非常灵活,有时放在关系代词之前,有时放在动词之后。eg.1.Iwon’tforgetthedate
when(onwhich)Iwasborn.2.Thisistheroom
where(inwhich)Ilived.=Thisistheroom
whichIlivedin.3.Idon’tknowthereason
why(forwhich)hehaven’tcometoday.4.Tomstillremembersthedays
when(inwhich)theylivedinTianjin.考点四:关系代词前介词的确定思考?是否所有的介词+关系代词都能用关系副词代替?Thepainting(__________Ilooked)waspaintedbyme.atwhichThebook(______________Iheard)waswrittentwentyyearsago.aboutwhichThepen(____________shewrotethatbook)cannowbeseeninamuseum.withwhichKunmingisabeautifulplace_____________(flowersareseenalltheyearround).where/inwhichIwillneverforgottheday_____________Ifirstmetyouontheship.onwhich/whenduringwhichThefilm(_____________Ifellasleep)wasveryboring.结论:只有当介词+关系代词充当地点状语、时间状语或原因状语时,才能用关系副词代替。Correctthesentences:1.I’musingthepenwhichheboughtityesterday.2.Isthatfactorywhichyourfatheronceworkedin?3.ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada.4.July1,1999isthedaywhenwe’llneverforget.(去掉)theone^__^to____which5.Thestudentsandthingswhichyouspokeofareknowntous.____that5.Einsteinissuchagreatscientistthatwemustlearnfrom.6.Thestudentwho’sbookIhadborroweddidn’tcometoschooltoday.7.Whoistheworkerwhotooksomepicturesofthefactory.8.Itistheoneofthebestfilmswhichhavebeenshownrecently.9.ThethirdplacewhichwearegoingtovisitisHangzhou10.Whichisknowntoall,manysatellitearegoingaroundinthesky.____as_____Whosethat____that________that_____As练习题1、All______isusefultousisgood.A、whichB、whatC、thatD、whetherC2、Isthisfactory____wevisitedlastweek.A、whereB、thatC、whichD、theoneD3、Shewillneverforgettheday_____shespentinBeijing.A、whenB、whatC、whichD、whyC4、Thisistheschool_______myfatherworked20yearsago.A、thatB、whenC、whichD、whereD5、Thisistheveryfactory_______
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