非谓语 to do幻灯片

非谓语todo动词不定式非谓语todo不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/nevertodo”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式非谓语todo结构

:todo(否定)nottodo二.

时态与语态主动语态被动语态一般式进行式完成式完成进行式不定式

todo

tobedone

tobedoing

tohavedone

tohavebeendone

tohavebeendoing--------------------非谓语todo解释(1)不定式的一般形式所表示的动作，通常与谓语的动作（状态）同时（或几乎同时）发生，或是在它之后发生。(2)如果谓语表示的动作（情况）发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行，这时不定式就要用进行式。(3)如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，就要用完成式。Theypretendedtobestudyingwhentheteachercamein.I`msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.Iwanttohaveaholidayassoonaspossible.非谓语todo1.作主语2.作宾语3.作宾语补足语4.作定语5.作状语6.作表语7.作独立成分8.与疑问词等连用非谓语todo三.用法/功能Toseeistobelieve.It’simportanttolearn.(1).主语不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语.Myjobtohelpthepatient.Yourtasktocleantheclassroom.isis(2).表语非谓语todo不定式做真正主语的两个特殊句型*Itis/was+adj.+ofsb.todo…eg:Itisbraveofhimtosavethegirlinthewater.注意：在此句型中，adj.只能用可以修饰行为、动作及人物的形容词。例如：kind,nice,good,brave,clever,wise,stupid,foolish,honest,careless,cruel,generousetc.*Itis+adj.+forsb.(用宾格)+todo…eg.1:ItisnotdifficultforustolearnEnglishwell.eg.2:Itisrightforhimtoworkhere.注意：这里的adj.不能表示人的性质，只能表示某事或某物的性质。例如：difficult,wonderful,meaningful,painful,useful非谓语todoIwanttogohome.Theworkersdemandedtogetbetterpay.Ifounditnecessarytotalktohimagain.(3)宾语think/consider/findit+adj.+todo常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：hope,refuse,learn,setoutchoose,decide,agree,manage,pretend,plan.

非谓语todoTheteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard.Iexpectyoutogivemesomehelp.(4).宾补五看

watch

see

lookat

observe

notice三使

let

make

have

二听

listento

hear一感觉:

feelwarn,tell,allow,help,ask,force等非谓语todoImadehimdohiswork.Hewasmadetodohiswork(byme).不定式用在but,except,besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to.(1).Shecoulddonothingbutcry.(2).Ihavenochoicebuttogo.(3).Whatdoyouliketodo

besidessleep.非谓语todoIhavesomethingtosay.Hehasalotofhomeworktodo.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.(5).定语(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词.)请给我一支写字的笔.Pleasegivemeapentowritewith.非谓语todo不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面，而且放在其他后置定语之后。1.不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系：(1)动宾关系

Ihavealotofworktodo.我有很多工作要做。(2)主谓关系

Heisalwaysthefirsttocome.他总是第一个来。(3)同位关系

Weallhaveachancetogotocollege.我们都有上大学的机会。非谓语todo2.作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。Heislookingforaroomtolivein.他在找一个房间住。3.不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。Hehadnomoneyandnoplacetolive.他没钱没地方住。非谓语todo4.something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。注意比较：Haveyouanythingtosend?你有什么东西要寄吗？（不定式tosend的动作执行者是you）2.Haveyouanythingtobesent?你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？（不定式tobesent的动作执行者是已被省略的me或someoneelse）非谓语todoIcameheretoseeyou.Hegotupearlytocatchthetrain.(6)状语inorderto,soasto,enoughto,onlyto,too….to.,非谓语todo(7).独立结构tobefrank,tobehonest,totellthetruthTotellthetruth,Idon’tagreewithyou.非谓语todo关于小品词to(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要省略该动词.eg:Wouldyouliketogowithme?I’dliketo.(2).不定式是tobe结构,be不可省.eg:Wouldyouliketobeateacher?I’dliketobe.非谓语todo不定式与疑问词who,which,when,how,what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。Hedidn’tknowwhattosay.他不知道说什么。(宾语)Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.如何解决这个问题很重要。(主语)Myquestioniswhentostart.我的问题是什么时候开始。(表语)注意：在与why连用时，只用于why或whynot开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。

Whynothavearest?非谓语todo固定句型:hadbetter/hadbest+(not)dosth.最好（不）做某事Why(not)dosth.?…prefertodo/preferdoing…prefer+n./doingA+to+n./doingB…prefer+todoAratherthan(to)doB…wouldrather(not)dosth.…wouldratherdoAthan(do)B…wouldrather+句子（过去式）（虚拟语气）要做……非谓语todo(1).Theypretendednottoseeus.(2).Hepretendedtobesleeping.(3).Shepretendedtohaveknownitbefore.(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎/发生在它之后.)(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行)(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)(4).We’rehappytohavebeenworkingwith

you.(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续)非谓语todoMyteacherwasmade_____histeachingbecauseofpoorhealth.givingupB.togiveupC.giveupD.givenup2.Thesentencewants____oncemore.explainedB.toexplainC.beingexplainedD.explaining3.TheArcticisconsidered____thenorthernpartoftheAtlantic.havingbeenB.tohavebeenC.tobeD.beingBDC非谓语todo4.TheEmperororderedthewonderfulcloth_____forhimwithoutdelay.tohavewovenB.tobewovenC.tobeweavingD.toweave5.IfoundtheGermanlanguagehard____.learnedB.learningC.tobelearnedD.tolearn6.—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.---Oh,Iforgot______.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoffBDC非谓语todo7.---Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?---Thekey____theproblemistomeetthedemand____bythecustomers.tosolving,makingB.tosolving,madeC.tosolve,makingD.tosolve,made8.---Whatdoyouthinkoftheschool?----Itisaverygood_____.schooltostudyinB.schoolforchildrentostudyC.studyingschoolD.schooltostudyBA非谓语todo9.---Didyougetajob?---No,I___,butit’snouse.expectedB.triedtoC.managedtoD.planned10.Wefinditimpossibleforthework___aheadoftime.tofinishB.finishingC.beingfinishedD.tobefinished11.---IusuallygotoShanghaibytrain.----Whynot___therebyboatforachange?totrytogoB.trygoingC.totrygoingD.trytogoBDB非谓语todo12.___aliving,shehadtoworkfrommorningtillnight.TomakeB.MadeC.MakingD.Tohavemade13.Iwouldratherstarvetodeaththan___forfood.begB.beggingC.beggedD.tobeg14.Theboypretended____whenhismotherentered.readingB.toreadC.tobereadingD.beingreadAAC非谓语todoExercise非谓语todo1.Robertissaid____abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying2.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.don’tmake3.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat____inmynewjob.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects非谓语todo4.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains____whethertheywillenjoyit.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.see5.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows____.itwhattodowithB.whattodowithitC.whattodoitwithD.todowhatwithit6.Themotherdidn’tknow____toblameforthebrokenglassasithappenedwhileshewasout.A.whoB.whenC.howD.why非谓语todo7.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade____.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learned D.learning8.Weagreed____herebutsofarshehasn’tturnedupyet.A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet9.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim____.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto非谓语todo10.Thepatientwaswarned____oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating11.Iwouldlove____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone12.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered____thefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented非谓语todo13.LittleJimshouldlove____tothetheatrethisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking14.____lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingsleep15.Theteacheraskedus____somuchnoise.A.don’tmakeB.notmake