情态动词主谓一致

语法系列复习专题六-----情态动词、主谓一致情态动词一、一般疑问句中几个情态动词的问与答1.NeedI/he/…?Yes,you/he/…must.(不用need)2.MustI/he/…?No,you/he/…needn’t/don’t(doesn’t,won’t)haveto.(不用mustn’t)3.MayI/he/…?No,you/he/…mustn’t.(少用maynot)4.Could(Can)you…?Yes,Ican(不用could)5.ShallI/she/he…?No,you(she,he)needn’t/can’t/mustn’t二、情态动词表“推测”,may,must使用的句式：1)肯定陈述句中：must表“肯定、必定、一定”意，may/might表“也许，或许”意。2)否定陈述句中：can’t/couldn’t表“不可能”意，maynot/mightnot表“也许不、可能不”意。3)疑问句中：只能用can或could,不能用must,may或might。注意：表推测的could,might并不是指过去时间，而是表示比can,may把握性略小些的情况。2.对目前状态的推测：1)must/may/might/can/could＋be＋表语例如：Shemustbeateacher.她肯定是老师。Shecan’t/couldn’tbeadoctor.她肯定不是医生。Hemaynot/mightnotbeadoctor.他可能不是医生。2)must/may/might/can/could＋一些不能用于进行时的静态动词(如:have,exist,live,like,hate,own,belongto等)例如：Shemusthaveherowncar,forshehasalotofmoney.Thatkindofbirdmayliveinthevalleys.3.对目前正在发生的事情进行推测：句式：must/may/might/can/could＋bedoing例如：Theymustbewaitingforus.他们肯定正在等我们。Shemay/mightbedoingherhomework.她可能正在做作业。Can/Couldhebeplayingfootball?他会正在踢足球吗？4.对已发生的事情进行推测：句式：must/may/might/can/could＋havedone例如：There’snoligntintheroom.Theymusthavegonetobed./Sheknowsnothingaboutthefilm.Shecan’t/couldn’thaveseenit./Can/Couldhehavebeenadoctor?/Hemay/might(not)havebeenateacher./TheymusthavebeenwatchingTVatninelastnight./Can/CouldshehavestayedinBeijinglastyear?注意：willhavedone句式也可表“肯定/可能已经…”推测意。例如：Hewillhavelearnedadvancedmathematics,forheknowsalotaboutit.他肯定/可能学过高等数学，因为他对此懂得很多。三、“情态动词＋havedone”用法oughtto＋havedone,意“本应该…”，含有责备或后悔意。例如：Youshouldhavecomeherealittleearlier./Ioughttohavesenthimtoschool./’t/oughtn’tto＋havedone,意“本不应该”，含有责备或后悔意。例如：Youshouldn’thavewateredtheflower./Ioughtn’ttohavescoldedherforsuchasmallthing.havedone,意“过去可能做”；couldhavedone意“本能够做”，两者都含有委婉批评或遗憾之意，也可表对过去情况的推测。例如：HemighthavegonetoNanjingwithProfessorweek,buthewasill.上星期他本可以和王教授一起去南京的，可他病了。Wecouldhavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.我们本来是能够提前完成工作的。四、情态动词在反意疑问句中的用法1.“肯定祈使句＋附加问句”结构，附加问句常用will/would/won’tyou形式。例如：Standstill,will/would/won’tyou?2.“否定祈使句＋附加问句”结构，附加问句常用will/wouldyou形式。例如：Don’twatchTV,will/wouldyou?’s…,shallwe?;Letus…,will/won’tyou?4.含有must句子的反意问句1)must表示“必须”时，附加部分常用needn’t,也可用mustn’t.例如：Hemustgowithyou,needn’t/mustn’the?2)mustn’t表“一定不能”时，附加部分用may.例如：Shemustn’tleave,mayshe?3)must表“一定、想必”推测意时，附加部分主要有下列几种形式：mustbeanengineer,isn’the?Theymustbewritingnow,aren’tthey?(这类句子问句前部分含“mustbe…”或“mustbedoing…”。)musthaveacar/livethere,doesn’tshe?musthaveseenthefilm,hasn’the？(这类句子问句前部分的谓语为musthavedone,句子无具体过去时间状语。)musthaveseenthefilmlastweek,didn’the?(这类句子问句前面部分的谓语为musthavedone,句子有具体过去时间状语。)musthavebeenshoppingthen,wasn’tshe?(前面部分谓语为musthavebeendoing。)5.含有may表推测的句子，其反意问句形式与must表推测的反意问句形式相似。例如：Shemayhavefinishedherhomework,hasn’tshe?五、几组词语辨析与haveto:must强调说话者的主观看法，haveto强调客观需要，表示“不必”意要用needn’t或don’t/didn’t/won’thaveto,不能用mustn’t。could与beableto:can多用于现在时，也可用于将来时，could只用于过去时，beableto可用于各种时态。表示“过去经过努力而做成(或没做成)”要用was/were(not)ableto，而不用could(not)。例如：Heworkedhard,buthewasn’tabletopasstheexam.,would,usedto:都可表“习惯”意。①will表示不受时间限制的习惯性动作。如：Fishwilldieoutofwater./She’llsitforhourswithoutsayinganything.②would表示过去习惯性的动作，但不涉及与现在情况的对比。如：Hewouldwalkbytheriverinthemorning.注意：would后不能跟表状态动词。例如不能说Hewouldbelateforschoollastyear.③usedto表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但这种习惯现在已不存在了。如：Heusedtogetupearly.Heusedtobelateforschool.情态动词考点分析1.－CouldIborrowyourdictionary?(NMET)－Yes,ofcourseyou________.析：B、D意明显不合；A语气不妥，与ofcourse不符。此题Could是表Can意的委婉说法，并非过去时，所以答案应为C。2.－ShallItellJohnaboutit?－No,’vetoldhimalready.(NMET)’t’t’t’t析：B意明显不合用，可排除。mustn’t意“不许、不得”，shouldn’t意“不应该”都不合情景。只有needn’t表“不必”与下文“I’vetoldhimalready”相贴切。3.－Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecar,buttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.－It_________acomfortablejourney.(NMET)’tbe’tbe’thavebeen’thavebeen析：A、B是对现在情况而言，与情景不合。表否定推测不能说mustn’thavebeen,只有D选项“不可能是”意思切合，时态也对，故为正确答案。firespreadthroughthehotelveryquickly，buteveryone________getout.(NMET)abletoto析：根据题干提供的情景B、D皆应排除。在A、C两选项中，因为根据情景要选一个“经过努力能够”这样意思的词，故定答案为C。toldSallyhowtogethere,butperhapsI________forher.towriteitouthavewrittenitouthavewrittenitouttowriteitout析：A项意“(当时)不得不写出来”，不合题意；D项意“(现在)应写出来”也不合题意；B项意“(当时)肯定已写出来”明显不对。只有表“当初应该写出来”意的C项才合上下文。youngmanhasmadesomuchnoisethathe_________nothavebeenallowedtoattendtheconcert.(上海高考题)析：若选A。意“不可能已被允许…”与情景不合，应排除；B项不可选；C项意“当时将不会被允许…”也与情况相悖。只有D“shouldnothavebeenallowed…”表示“当初不该让他…”才合题意。7.－CanIhelpyou,sir?－Yes,Iboughtthisradiohereyesterday,butit______.(NMET)’twork’twork’twork’twork析：若选A。意“昨天不响（今天响了）”，不合题目情景；若选B。其意是“当时不能工作（现在能工作了）”，显然不合题；若选C。意为“这台收音机根本不能工作（是废品）”这未免显得武断；只有D表“这台机子不响（有毛病）”意才能合理地表达来找商店服务员的原因。主谓一致（Agreement）1.“EitherAorB＋谓语”结构，谓语取决于Ｂ。例：Eitherthestudentsortheirteacherdislikesbasketball,otherwisetheywouldtakepartinthebasketballmatch.但在一般疑问句中，谓语取决于Ａ。例如：Doeitherthestudentsortheirteacherdislikebasketball?Iseitherheoryougoingthere?这种谓语取决于与其最近的主语现象叫做“就近原则”。２．“NeitherAnorB＋谓语”结构，谓语多取决于Ｂ。但现代英语也出现复数谓语，理由是neitherAnorB是两部分之和，为复数概念，故其后可用复数谓语。例如：NeithershenorIwas(或were)fortunateenoughtogainextrapoints.她和我都不幸未能获得附加分。Neitheryounorhedoes(或do)wellinmaths.3．Neitherof…接单、复谓(通常视为单数，但在口语中，从意义上亦可视为复数)Noneof…接单、复谓例：Neitherofthemis(或are)right.Noneofyouis(或are)fitforthejob.4.aswellas（以及）(together)with(以及)B＋谓语”结构，谓语取决于Ａ。“Aalongwith(以及)but(除去)ratherthan例:aswellasThetraineralongwithtwogymnastsisinthegym.(together)with教练和两个体操运动员在体操房里。AllbutLiDonghavepassedthetest.除了李东所有人都通过了考试。NobodybutLiDongandWangHonghaspassedthetest.除了李东和王宏没有什么人通过那场考试。5.表示钱数、时间、长度、数学等概念名词其后通常用单数谓语。例：200yuan/500dollars/20minutesisnotenoughforus.makes15.10and510加5等于15.ismakes5.10minus510减5等于5.is（以上两数词例，现代英语认为make,are也对。）20kilometresistoomuchforthem.20公里是他们吃不消的。6.Therebe结构中be的形式取决于靠近be的名词，若是单数名词，则be为is/was;若是复数名词，则be为are/were（即第１条中的“就近原则”）。例如：Thereisadesk,twochairsandthreesofasintheroom.Therearethreesofas,twochairsandadeskintheroom.7.agroupof…，ateamof…后跟复谓、单谓皆可，跟复谓的理由是不止一个人，跟单谓的理由是将许多人视为“一组”、“一队”这样的一个单位体。例如：Agroup/teamofstudentsare/iscleaningthestreet.8.象school,class,family,team,groupgovernment等这类群体名词，其后谓语可能是单数形式，也可能是复数形式。通常视其为一个整体单位时，用单数谓语；视其为群体成员时，则用复数谓语。例如：Theclassarehavingameeting.这个班学生在开会。Theclassisnotverybig.这个班不是大班。Thefamilyenjoysinginganddancing.这家人喜欢唱歌跳舞。Thefamilyhasonlythreepersons.这家只有三口人。9.象police,clothes,trousers这类复数概念名词，其后总是跟复数谓语。thewounded（伤员）后总是跟复数谓语。10.象clothing,news,information,advice这类不可数名词后应跟单数谓语，但它们前面有可数性短语修饰时，也可跟复数谓语。例如：Theclothingisverynewsisinteresting.Fivearticlesofclothingareoverthere.ThreepiecesofnewswereannouncedonTV.11.百分数of＋复名＋复谓，百分数of＋单名／不可数名词＋单谓例：40percentofthestudentsaregirls.80percentofthework/thebookhasbeenfinished.分数后的谓语形式同百分数。12.who/why/how/whether/if/than引导的名词从句＋单谓例：Howhegotthereisunknown./Whyshediditremainsapuzzle./It’sluckythatheisstillalive.13.A(large)numberof＋复名＋复谓。例：Anumberofbooksareoverthere.Alargeamountof＋不可数名词＋单谓。例：Alargeamountofmoneyhasbeenspent.Thenumberof＋复名＋单谓。例：Thenumberofthestudentsinourschoolis2000.主谓一致考点分析１．_____eitherheorItoleaveforAmerica?A.Is析：由or,either…or,nor,neither…or,whether…or,not…but,notonly…butalso等连接的并列主语，其谓语动词的单复数要根据“就近原则”处理，因为空白处与he最近，故要选A。2.Noonehasfinishedhishomework,________?they’ttheyhe’the析：由Noone可知空白处应选肯定式，故可排除B,D。又因为句子表述的意思是“没有一个人完成作业”，从人数上看是很多人没完成作业，故排除C项，而选A。3.Therecomesthebus,_______?’tthere’tititthere析：这是一个倒装句，主语是bus，谓语是comes,所以答案应选Ｂ。4.Heisateacherbuthiswifeisadoctor,_______?’tshe’tit’tthey’the析：此题问句前部分含but，重点是强调hiswifeisadoctor,故问句部分取决于此部分，因此，该题答案为A。5.Theydon’tthinkmoneyiseverything,_______?it’tittheythey析：如果是“I/We(don’t)think＋宾从”则反意问句主语和谓语取决于宾语从句，但此句主句的主语不是I或we，而是They,这时反意问句部分的主语和谓语要取决于主句的主、谓语，所以此题答案应选Ｄ。6.Eachsoldierandsailor_____givenariflewhentheshiplanded.析：根据whentheshiplanded,可知应排除C,D.又因“each/everyAand(each/every)B”结构的主语后面应跟单数谓语，所以答案为B。thanoneperson_____involved(卷入)inthcase.析：要表达“被卷入”，只能在A,B之中选一个，因morethanone后应跟单名，单谓，所以答案为A。istheonlyoneofourcustomerswho____thiskindofarticle.fondof析：从时态考虑可排除D。因“the/theonly…of＋复名”后的定语从句谓语应该用单数形式，所以答案应是B。但此题若将theonly去掉，则答案为A。情态动词、主谓一致专练1.Thepossibe____oftenprovedimpossible.A.haveyounorIammad,____?you’tIIwedon’tthinkIamwrong,____?’tyouyou’tIwasLinSongwhobroketherulesoftheschool,____?’tit’theithemusthavebeeninChinaforalongtime,_____?’the’the’the’thetheteacherhassaidistrue,____?he’theit’titmusthavesnowedlastnight,____?’tit’the’tit’tit’sthefirsttimethatXiaoQinghasbeentoTianjin,_____?sheit’tshe’tit9.Thetrousers_____fitforhim.ratherthanLiYingandWangPing____praisedbytheteacher.ismypen?I_____it.(NMET)havelosthavelosthavelostlosecomputer____thinkforitself;itmustbetoldwhattodo.(NMET)’t’tnotnotnight,butwewenttotheconcertinstead.(NMET)havestudiedstudyhavestudiedstudydidn’thearthephone,I_____asleep.(NMET)behavebeenbehavebeensuretowritetous,_____?(NMET)you’tyouyou’tyoudidn’tseeherinthemeeting-roomthisthemeeting.(上海)’thavespoken’thavespoken’thavespoken’thavespokenisplentyof.(NMET)havehurried’thavehurriednothurry’thavehurrieddon’t______togothereifyouhavenotime.(上海),you_____besittinginthisisforwomenandchildrenonly.(上海)’tto’t’t’toughtnotto_____meyoursecret,buthemeantnoharm.(NMET)toldtellingtold’snearlyseveno’hereatanymoment.(NMET)coatisdirty,_____itforyou?IwashingIwashIgoingtowashIwashone_____thattohisface.saytosaysayingsaidusedtobeachurchintheeastofthetown,_____?’tthere’ttotherethere’ttotherebehappy!onmoreclothes.You_____befeelingcoldwithonlyashirton.27.－Whydidn’tyouanswerwhenIcalledyou?－I_____butyoudidn’thearme.to’t’tanswertimeismorevaluablethanmoney.needsayhardlysayhardlytosayneedtosaytobecomeapianistsomeday.30He_____therenow,butIamnotsure.behavebeenhavebeen31.－Ididn’tseehimyesterday.－Oh,butyou______.tohave’thavehave32.－Wherewereyouthismorning?Itriedtocallyou.－I_____tothelibraryforawhile.togogogotogoflowerismorewater.givegivehavegivenhavegiven34.－DoesTomwanttogotothefilm?－Yes,buthesays_____tonight.’dnotrathergo’llrathernotgowon’trathergo’drathernotgo35.－Didyouwalkhomebyyourselflastnight?－Yes,Idid.ButIguessI_____.’t’tnothave’thave36.－DoyouspeakJapanese?－No,I