阅读理解细节类考点的“难题”有何特点？-以2023年新高考英语全国卷为例 高考英语复习

通过对2023年高考英语全国I卷的分析，发现细节题的设题上有所创新，考点出处不集中某一句话的题目数量增加。有4个题都需要通过文章多处细节进行推理提炼得出答案，如果只关注某句，则很难得出正确答案。比如，24题推测John的性格特点，25题推测John添加污泥的原因，26题作者提到福州项目的目的，30题作者在书籍最后一章呈现的内容，这些题的答案都没有在文章中某句话中明确指出，都需要结合多处细节题进行推理和提炼。这大大增加了试题的难度和区分度。那么，2023年全国卷4套题里，类似的题多吗？分别考查了什么细节呢？研究一下，对我们的命题非常有帮助，可以让我们及时调整命题的方向。通过对4套题的研究，有了如下发现：多处细节推理2023年A篇B篇C篇D篇全国1T24人物评价性格T30书籍内容T25人物行为原因T26段内举例目的全国2T21比较时间T29书籍内容T32社会现象概括T33人物行为目的T34段内举例目的甲卷T29段内举例目的T35人物行为原因T30事物评价书籍乙卷T21比较共同点T25人物行为原因T33段内举例目T22比较不同分布情况从上表可知，需要结合多处细节题进行推理和提炼答案的题目数量不少，分别为3到6题，在ABCD这4篇阅读中都各有分布。每套题里至少有2篇文章中会出现该种考法。2.考查细节2.1比较信息A篇一般为应用文，在设题的时候会进行信息对比，比如时间先后，相同点和不同点等。比如：21.Whichofthefourprogramsbeginsthe

earliest?

(2023QGII-A)21.WhatdidJacquelineandJameshavein

common?

(2023乙-A)22.HowwasTanYuanxian

different

fromtheotherpractitioners?

(2023乙-A)2.2举例目的每套题的BCD阅读中，都会有一个举例目的题，考查学生对所举例子在文章中作用的了解。考生基于所举例子，根据上下文推测出举例的目的。比如：26.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?(2023QGI-B)答案：

B.ToshowanapplicationofJohn’sidea.原文：

Overtheyears,

John

hastakenonmanybigjobs.

Hedevelopedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage

from1,600homes

inSouthBurlington.

Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwater

inFuzhou,

a

cityin

southeastChina.

34.Whatcanwelearnfromtheexamplegiveninparagraph5?

(2023QGII-D)答案：

C.Thesamenatureexperiencetakesdifferentforms.原文：Namingeachnatureexperiencecreatesausablelanguage,whichhelpspeoplerecognizeand

takepartintheactivitiesthataremostsatisfyingandmeaningfultothem.Forexample,theexperienceof

walkingalongtheedgeofwatermightbesatisfyingforayoungprofessionalonaweekendhikeinthepark.Backdowntownduringaworkday,theycanenjoyamoredomesticformofthisinteractionby

walkingalongafountain

ontheirlunchbreak.29.

Whydoestheauthorlistgreatphilosophersinparagraph4?

(2023甲-C)答案：D.TohelpreadersunderstandWeiner’sbook.原文：Weinerstarts

eachchapterwithasceneonatrainridebetweencitiesandthen

frameseachphilosopher’swork

inthecontext

ofonething

theycanhelpusdobetter.Theendresultisareadinwhich

welearntowonderlikeSocrates,seelikeThoreau,listenlikeSchopenhauer,andhavenoregretslikeNietzsche.This,morethanabookaboutunderstandingphilosophy,isabookabout

learningto

usephilosophytoimprovealife.33.

WhatdoestheauthorindicatebymentioningCaptainCookinparagraph2?

(2023乙-D)答案：D.Hisrecordwasone-sided.原文：Ideallyahistorywould

bringtogethertextsandobjects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareabletodojustthat,but

inmanycaseswesimplycan’t.Theclearestexampleofthisbetweenliterateandnon-literatehistoryisperhapsthefirstconflict,atBotanyBay,

between

CaptainCook’svoyageandtheAustralianAboriginals.FromtheEnglishside,wehavescientificreportsandthecaptain’srecordofthatterribleday.FromtheAustralianside,wehaveonlyawoodenshielddroppedbyamaninflightafterhisfirstexperienceofgunshot.Ifwewanttoreconstructwhatwasactuallygoingonthatday,

theshieldmustbequestionedandinterpretedasdeeplyandstrictlyasthewrittenreports.2.3行为原因每套题的BCD阅读中，也都会有一个人物行为原因分析的题目。常见的题干以疑问词Why提问，也有其它提问方式，但是本质上是考查行为背后的原因。比如：25.

WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetanks?

(2023QGI-B)答案：D.Totesttheeco-machine.原文：...

Hedecidedto

buildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge.First,

heconstructed

aseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.

Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbrought

backsomeplantsandanimals.

Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.

Littlebylittle,

thesedifferentkindsoflife

gotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.

Afterafewweeks,

Johnaddedthesludge.Hewasamazedattheresults.

...

33.

Whydidtheresearcherscodeparticipantsubmissionsintocategories?

(2023QGII-D)答案：D.Tofindpatternsinthevisitors’summaries.原文：Theresearchersthenexaminedthesesubmissions,coding

experiencesintodifferentcategories.Forexample,oneparticipant’sexperienceof“Wesatandlistenedtothewavesatthebeachforawhile”wasassignedthecategories“sittingatbeach”and“listeningtowaves.”Acrossthe320submissions,apatternofcategoriestheresearcherscalla“naturelanguage”begantoemerge.

Afterthecodingofallsubmissions,halfadozencategorieswerenotedmostoftenasimportanttovisitors.Theseincludeencounteringwildlife,walkingalongtheedgeofwater,andfollowinganestablishedtrail.35.

Whatcanbeinferred

fromthelastparagraph?

(2023甲-D)答案：B.Peoplecanliveinharmonywithgrizzlies.原文：Obviously,ifprecautions

aren’ttaken,grizzliescanbecometroublesome,sometimeskillingfarmanimalsorwalkingthroughyardsinsearchoffood.

Ifpeopleremovefood

andattractantsfromtheiryardsandcampsites,grizzlieswilltypicallypassbywithouttrouble.

Puttingelectricfencing

aroundchickenhousesandotherfarmanimalquartersisalsohighlyeffectiveatgettinggrizzliesaway.“Ourhopeistohaveaclean,attractant-freeplacewherebearscanpassthroughwithoutlearningbadhabits,”saysJamesJonkel,longtimebiologistwhomanagesbearsinandaroundMissoula.25.

Whatisthekeytosuccessfullandscapephotographyaccordingtotheauthor?

(2023乙-B)答案：A.Propertimemanagement.原文：Beingattherightplaceattherighttime

isdecisiveinanystyleofphotography.

Ioftenleaveearlytoseek

therightdestinations

soIcansetupearlyto

avoidmissingthemomentIamattemptingtophotograph.

Ihavemissedplentyof

beautifulsunsets/sunrisesduetobeingonthespotonlyfiveminutesbeforethebestmoment.

2.4人物评价几乎每套题也都出现了对人或物进行评价的题目，涉及到人物性格特点，事物的影响力，书籍的特点等。比如：24.

WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

(2023QGI-B)答案：C.

Hehadaninquiringmind.原文：WhenJohnToddwasachild,

helovedtoexplore

thewoodsaroundhishouse,

observinghownaturesolved

problems.

A

dirtystream,

forexample,

oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretiny

creatureslived.

Whenhegotolder,John

startedtowonderif

thisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeople

weremaking.Afterstudyingagriculture,

medicine,

andfisheriesincollege,

Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureand

asking

questions.

Whycancertainplants

trapharmfulbacteria(细菌)?

Whichkindsoffish

caneatcancer-causing

chemicals?

Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,

hefigured,

maybehecould

cleanupwastetheway

naturedid.

26.

Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheimpactoftheprogram?

(2023QGII-B)答案：A.Far-reaching.

原文：Programevaluationsshowthat

kidseatmorevegetables

asaresultoftheclasses.“We

havestudentswhosaytheywenthomeandtalkedtotheirparentsandnowthey’reeatingdifferently,”Jaramillosays.Sheaddsthattheprogram’s

benefitsgobeyondnutrition.Somestudents

getsointerestedingardening

thattheybringhomeseedstostarttheirownvegetablegardens.Besides,workinginthegardenseemsto

haveacalmingeffecton

Jaramillo’sspecialeducationstudents,manyofwhomhaveemotionalcontrolissues.“Theygetoutside,”shesays,“andtheyfeelsuccessful.”31.

WhatdoestheauthorthinkofWeiner’sbook?

(2023甲-C)答案：D.Humorousandstraightforward.

原文：Hemakesphilosophicalthoughtanappealingexercisethatimprovesthequalityofourexperiences,andhedoesso

withplentyofhumor....TheSocratesExpress

isafun,sharpbookthatdrawsreadersin

withitsapparentsimplicity

andgraduallypullsthemindeeperthoughtsondesire,loneliness,andaging.Theinvitationis

clear:...

2.5

事物内容有2套题里也涉及到对事物内容的概括，比如书籍内容，作品内容，社会现象等。考生需要通过上下文多处线索进行归纳概括。比如：30.

Whatispresentedinthefinalchapterofpartone?

(2023QGI-C)答案：C.Practicalexamples.

原文：Inthefinalchapterofpartone,

I’llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter.

Indoingso,

I’ll

drawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.

You’llhear

theseparticipants’

stories

andlearnwhat

strategies

workedwellforthem,

andwhat

traps

theyencounteredthatyou

shouldavoid.

29.

Whataretheselectedartworksabout?

(2023QGII-C)答案：C.Booksandreading.

原文：Inthis“bookofbooks,”artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizes

theseconnectionsbetweendifferenterasan