高二上学期期末语法复习

Module

720150201Unit

1语法词汇语法非谓语动词定语从句虚拟语气非谓语动词不定式现在分词过去分词动名词动名词•只能接动名词作宾语的动词：admit，advise建议，risk，appreciate，envy嫉妒，avoid避免，

consider考虑，delay延迟，deny否认，dislike不喜欢，enjoy，escape逃避，excuse原谅、宽恕，finish完成，forgive原谅，

understand理解，giveup放弃，imagine想象，keep保持，mind介意、在乎，miss未达、practise训练，put

off推迟，resist抵抗，

suggest建议、暗示can’thelp禁不住，can’tstand无法忍受，devoteto(to为介词)致力于···，look

forward

to

期望、盼望，stick

to坚持，be

used

to习惯于，object

to反对，bebusy忙于···，feelike想要···besurprised

at

对……感到惊讶be

proud

of

以……为骄傲succeedin在某方面成功be

afraid

of害怕give

up

放弃只能接不定式作宾语的动词：happen

碰巧，offer

主动提出，promise

答应，agree

同意，

refuse拒绝，decide

决定，determine

决定、决心，pretend

假装，

fail

未能够，learn，wish希望，hope，expect，afford负担得起。练习1.Ican’tstand

with

Jane

in

the

same

office.

She

just

refuses

talking

while

she

works.A working;

stopping

B to

work;

stoppingC working;

to

stop

D to

work;

to

stopA

good

story

does

not

necessarily

have

to

have

a

happy

ending,

but thereadermustnotbeleft

.A

unsatisfied

B

unsatisfying

C to

besatisfying

D being

satisfiedItisnouse

your

pastmistakes.A.regretting B.

regret C.

toregret D.regretted

his

head

high,the

manager

walked

into

the

room

to

attendthemeeting

then.A.Holding;being

held

B.Held;holding

C.Having

held;held

D.Held;to

beheld定语从句引导定语从句的关系代词有：that,who,whom,whose,which;关系副词有：when,where,why作主语用who,which和that作宾语用whom,who,which,that作定语用whose作表语只用that

，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但时常省略when

指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常有：time,day,morning,

night,week,year等where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常有：case，place,spot,street,house,room,

city,

town,country等why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason限制性定语从句

在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词作主语，只能用who

指人，which指物；关系代词做宾语，常用whom（口语中有时用who）指人，which指物，它们都不能用that代替关系代词作介词宾语，不论是在限制性定语从句

中，还是在非限制性定语从句中，当介词前置时，只能用whom指人，which指物；但如果介词后置，则不受这种限制，关系代词还可以省去，特别是

在口语中限制性定语从句在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指物时，关系词可用which或that，二者常可以互换；但在下列情况中，只能用that，不用which：(1)

当先行词是all,a

lot,(a)

little,few,much,

none,anything,(2)

当先行词被all,any

no,much,

little,few,every等限定词所修饰时。如：(3)当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时。如：(4)

当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所修饰，以及先行词被序数词和形容词最高级同时修饰时，如：(5)

当先行词被the

very,

the

only,the

next,the

last等所修饰时。如(6)当先行词为指人和指物的两个并列名词词组时。如：(7)

当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。如：限制性定语从句在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指人时，关系词可用who(m)或that，二者常可互换。但在下列情况中，用who(m)，而不用that：(1)

当先行词是one,ones,any,few,anyone,anybody,someone,

somebody,everyone,everybody等词时。如：(2)

当先行词是he,they,those,people,person等词时。如：

He

who

wants

to

catch

fish

just

not

mind

getting

wet.

Those

who

are

against

the

proposal

put

up

your

hands.注：在固定结构的谚语或习语中，可用he

that…。He

that

promises

too

muchmeansnothing.(3)当先行词有较长的后置定语修饰时。(4)

在分隔式定语从句中，若先行词指人，为了明确修饰关系，应当用who(m)。(5)

两个定语从句同时修饰一个指人的先行词，第二个定语从句常用who(m)来引导，如：She

is

the

only

girl

I

know

who

can

play

theguitar.限制性定语从句当先行词指人时，在下列情况中，一般用关系词that:当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。如：

Who

is

the

man

that

is

reading

the

newspaper

overthere?Which

of

us

that

knows

anything

does

not

know

this?当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词所修饰时。如：He

is

the

greatest

man

that

has

ever

lived.当先行词被the

only,the

very,

the

last等词所修饰时。如：She

is

the

only

person

that

understands

me.当先行词被thesame所修饰时，关系词既可以用as，也可以用that。在表示具体事物时，有时两者有一定的区别。

一般说来，表示同一种类多用as，表示同一事物多用that。虚拟语气---与客观事实不符合由IF条件从句引导的表假设的虚拟语气（注意混合条件句）表示命令，建议在宾语从句中的应用：order，suggest，propose，require，demand，request，insist，command，insist+（should）

do等以及对应的名词suggestion，proposal，idea，plan，order，advicewish之后的宾语从句，表示一种没有实现或根本不可能实现的愿望，常用虚拟语气。特殊的：would

rather,had

rather,would

sooner，forfear

that,in

case，even

if,

eventhough虚拟语气条件从句主句一般过去时（be用were）should（would）等+动词原形过去完成时had

doneshould（would）等+have+过去分词were+不定式；should+动词原形should/would等+动词原形虚拟语气1、----“He

is

a

very

brave

man.”----“Yes,IwishI

his

courage.”A.

have B.

had C.

will

have D.

would

have2、Ifshehadworkedharder,she

.would

succeed B.

hadsucceededC.

should

succeed D.

would

have

succeeded3.Withoutelectricityhumanlife

quite

different

today. A.is B.

will

be C.

would

have

be

end d.

would

be4、—Ifhe

,he

that

f