女性主义英文介绍

2016/5/82016/5/8RitaQuestionsforyou!■Howwouldyoudefineitasanideology意帜形态?■Whatcomestomindwhenyouthinkoftheword''feminism5?

also■tcwaidsftllujLequalrightsftllujLman1maleWpnrlf盘；％爲詼peopleopportunitiesmanVwomenhfeoaiYi^SSUieS■■■belief^societyWngSrjghtwimsnprmbelief^societyWngSrjghtwimsnprmIIIUIIworldwaynir^pmrn1sddEaanu供Lywi-ssctviu«undcrstandirug.135OCI3IiTlcariwDInationandTheoryITheFeministMovementITheFeministMovementUJhatisFeminism?Feminismistheradicalnotionthatwomenarepeople.*口wrl.氢「■nwr”，旨朋■•-Pf•■醫lji*5m-v2016/5/82016/5/8Feminism■Feminismisacollectionofmovementsaimedatdefining,establishing,anddefendingequalpolitical,economic,andsocialrightsforwomen.Inaddition,feminismseekstoestablishequalopportunitiesforwomenineducationandemploymentFEMINISMOkayladies.thishasgoneonlongenough*FEMINISMOkayladies.thishasgoneonlongenough*■Anideology意思形态that'opposesthepolitical,economic,andculturalrelegation贬彳氐ofwomentopositionsofinferiority自卑・”Simplyput,feminismaffirmswomen'sequalitywithmen,andrejectspatriarchy父权制.THISTHISIS

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ZIKEFeminists■Feministsarepersonsofeithersex,orfemalesonly(inwhichcasemalesmaybeprofeminists),whobelieveinfeminism.AfeministisHanadvocateorsupporteroitherightsandequalityofwomen".MenfeministKarlMarx_卡尔•亨利希•马'克思HenrikJohanIbsen亨利克•约翰•易卜生胡适2016/5/82016/5/8旷2、HistoryTheterms^feminism"or"feminist”firstappearedinFranceandTheNetherlandsin1872(aslesfeministes),GreatBritaininthe1890s,andtheUnitedStatesin1910.TheOxfordEnglishDictionarylists1894forthefirstappearanceof"feminist"and1895for"feminism".TheUKDailyNewsfirstintroduced"feminist"totheEnglishlanguage,importingitfromFranceandbrandingitasdangerous."WhatourParisCorrespondentdescribesasa'Feminist'heFrenchChamberofDeputies".Priortothattime,"Woman'sRights"wasprobablythetermusedmostcommonly,henceQueenVictoria'sdescriptionofthisFell"cF!cIPi■Feministtheoryemergedfromthesefeministmovementsandincludesgeneraltheoriesandtheoriesabouttheoriginsofinequality,and,insomecases,aboutthesocialconstructionofsexandgender,inavarietyofdisciplines.Feministactivistshavecampaignedforwomen'srights——suchasincontract,property,andvoting一whilealsopromotingwomen'srightstobodilyintegrityandautonomy自治权andreproductiverights生育权.Theyhaveopposed/domesticviolence,sexualharassment性骚扰，andfsexualassaultf生侵3E.Ineconomics,theyhaveadvocatedforworkplacerights,includingequalpayandopportunitiesforcareersandtostartbusinesses.2016/5/8TheFeminist/Movementwoman'sworkisunderpaidorunpaid&whatwelooklikeismoreimportantthanwhatwedo&ifwegetrapeditisourfault2016/5/8TheFeminist/Movementwoman'sworkisunderpaidorunpaid&whatwelooklikeismoreimportantthanwhatwedo&ifwegetrapeditisourfault&ifwelovewomenitsbecausewecan*tgetarealman&ifweexpectcommunitycareforourfamilyweareselfish&ifwestandupforourrightsweareloud&ifwedonftwearetypicalweakfemales&ifwewanttogetmarriedweareouttotrapaman&ifwedon'tweareunnatural&becausewearer>ftdeemedresponsibleenoughtodecideif,whenandhowwegivebirth(alsoknownastheWomenrsMovement,Women'sLiberation,orWomen'sLib)referstoaseriesofcampaignsforreformsonissuessuchasreproductiverights,domesticviolence,maternityleave,equalpay,votingrights,sexualharassment,andsexualviolence.Thegoalsofthemovementvaryfromcountrytocountry,e.g.oppositiontofemalegenitalcutting女性生殖器切割inSudan,ortotheglassceiling玻璃天花板inWesterncountriesThemovementshistoryhasgonethroughthreewaves,beginninginthe18thcentury.First-wavewasorientedaroundthestationofmiddleorupper-classwhitewomen,andinvolvedsuffrageandpoliticalequality.Second-wavefeminismattemptedtofurthercombatsocialandculturalinequalities.■Third-wavefeminismstartingin1980toearlyincludesrenewedcampaigningforwomen'sgreaterinfluenceinnolitics.Thefirstwavereferstothemovementofthe19ththroughearly20thcenturies（1900s-1920s）,whichdealtmainlywithsuffrage（投票权选举权）,workingconditionsandeducationalrightsforwomenandgirls.Leader:ElizabethCadyStanton（伊丽莎白•凯迪•斯坦顿）Purpose:equalpolitical,intellectualandeconomicrightstowomenAchievement：InternationalWomen'sDayhasbeenobserved（创始于1910年）

Al丸FeministsuffrageparadeinNewYorkCity,May6,1912.41Al丸FeministsuffrageparadeinNewYorkCity,May6,1912.41WriterssuchasVirginiaWoolfareassociatedwiththeideasoftheFirstWaveoffeminism.InherbookARoomofOne'sOwn,Woolf"describeshowmensociallyandpsychicallydominatewomen".Theargumentofthebookisthat"womenaresimultaneouslyvictimsofthemselvesaswellasvictimsofmenandareupholdersofsocietybyactingasmirrorstomen".Sherecognizesthesocialconstructsthatrestrictwomeninsocietyandwomen.

andwomen.TheinfluencesofthefirstwaveFeminismNOCIGHnnilANGOVERDon*!"areThemall!ThesecondWaveFeminism(alsocalledModernFeminismNOCIGHnnilANGOVERDon*!"areThemall!Thesecondwave(1960s-1980s)dealtwiththeinequalityoflawsaswellasculturalinequalities・Thekeyeventthatmarkedthereemergence(再度岀现)ofthismovementinthepostwar战后的erawasthesurprisepopularityofBettyFriedan's1963bookTheFeminineMystiqueBettyiFriedanTheFeminineMystiqueBettyiFriedanTheFeminineMystiqueWilhan!rtrodtx:tionbyAnnoOuindlenII7“THEYEAR'SMOSTCONTROVERSIALBESTSELLER<TheFeminineMystiqueBETTYFRIEDAN'Th«bookwehawbeentvoitingfor|・,.lhewisestsonnslwundestmost\understandingwndcunipaailunuiotreatmentofcontemporaryAmwicunwoman'sgmatestproblem...otriumph.'Thekeyevent:《TheFeminineMystique》Womenshouldspeakoutherfeelings:Inadditiontoherhusband,childrenandfamilies,Iwouldliketogetmore・“女性应该大胆地说出自己h勺心声:除了丈夫、孩子和家庭，我还想得到更多。”SocialImpact"ItignitedC点燃）thecontemporary（同H寸代的）women'smovementin1963andasaresultpermanentlytranstormedthesocialfabric组织oftheUnitedStatesandcountriesaroundtheworld.”■■一NewYorkTimesTheinfluencesofthesecondwomen'smovement•Themovementencouragedwomentounderstandaspectsoftheirpersonallivesasdeeplypoliticized,andreflectiveofasexist'性另il歧视者structureofpower.Iffirst-waversfocusedonabsoluterightssuchassuffrage,second-waverswerelargelyconcernedwithotherissuesofequality,suchastheendtodiscrimination.Theinfluencesofthesecondwomen'smovementReligion・Religion・Education・Language・SocialchangesForexample:Feministsareoftenproponents支持者ofusingnorvsexistlanguage,using“Ms.”torefertobothMarriedandunmarriedwomen.TheThirdWaveFeminism(PostModernFeminism)Thethirdwaveoffeminism(late1980s-early2000s),isseenasbothacontinuation继续andaresponsetotheperceived感知I的failuresofthesecondwave.Nowadays：Somenowbelieveasof2010,weareinafourthwaveoffeminism.TheinfluencesofThirdwaveofFeminism•ThemovementaroseasaresponsetotheperceivedfailuresofandbackashagainstinitiativesandmovementscreatedbySecond-wavefeminismduringthe1960sto1980s,andtherealizationthatwomenareof"manycolors,ethnicities,nationalities,religionsandculturalbackgrounds".Thethirdwaveembraces信奉diversityandchange」nthiswave,asinpreviousones,thereisnoall-encompassingsinglefeministidea.FeminisminChinaFeminisminChinabeguninthelateQingperiod,asChinesesocietyre-evaluatedtraditionalandConfucianvaluessuchasfootbindingandgendersegregation,andbegantorejecttraditionalgenderideasashinderingprogresstowardsmodernization.Duringthe1898HundredDays'Reform,reformerscalledforwomen'seducationandequality,andtheendoffootbinding.FemalereformersformedthefirstChinesewomen'ssociety一theSocietyfortheDiffusionofKnowledgeamongChineseWomen(Niixuehuao).AfterthecollapseoftheQingDynasty,women'sliberationbecameagoaloftheMayFourthMovementandtheNewCultureMovement.Later,theChineseCommunistRevolutionadoptedwomen'sliberationasoneofitsaimsandpromotedwomen'sequality,especiallyregardingwomen'sparticipationintheworkforce.Aftertherevolutionandprogressinintegratingwomenintotheworkforce,theChineseCommunistPartyclaimedtohavesuccessfullyachievedwomen'sliberation,andwomen's!11KIWealthyChinesewomenwithboundfeet(Beijing,1900).Footbindingwasasymbolofwomen'soppressionduringthereformmovementsinthe19thand20thcenturies.2016/5/8FeminisminChinaSecondandthird-wavefeminisminChinawascharacterizedbyare-examinationofwomen'srolesduringthereformmovementsoftheearly20thcenturyandthewayinwhichfeminismwasadoptedbythosevariousmovementsinordertoachievetheirgoals.Laterandcurrentfeministshavequestionedwhethergenderequalityhasactuallybeenfullyachieved,anddiscusscurrentgenderproblems,suchasthelargegenderdisparity'性别分布不等inthe“她”对代已经到来中国进入女性对代西子湖畔的武林街,一名女子在试衣。杭州市中心的武林街集中了数百家风格迥异时尚女装店，人称"女人街"。眼下的中国，西子湖畔的武林街,一名女子在试衣。杭州市中心的武林街集中了数百家风格迥异时尚女装店，人称"女人街"。眼下的中国，女性占据了消费者总量的三分之二,"她"时代似乎已经到来。国务院副总理吴仪堪称中国官位最高、权力最大的女性。吴仪以犀利的言词和机敏应对的谈判风格善称，被誉为中国政坛铁娘子。吴仪今年68岁，和52岁的美国国务卿赖斯一样,吴仪至今未婚。《时刖电不过在国际社会，吴fQ或许不如巩俐。隹西占巩俐是"全球最甄事.这位威尼斯影后鄭代》周刊的封面丿.影都引起广夢匕）、rhb2(23LiberalFeministViewsUMlfLTHE慾殛傩丘XWOMENrhb2(23LiberalFeministViewsUMlfLTHE慾殛傩丘XWOMEN/DON'TASKFOREQUALITY.VOTEITI/AmanofqualityisnotthreatenedbyawomanforequalityoTypesofFeminismDiversityfeminism多样性女性主义Libera!FeministViewsSharedwithliberalismtheseideas:—Humanequality-Humanrationalit