高中英语语法知识之定语从句

定语从句L定义：复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句，它起定语的作用。定语从句（AttributiveClauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。2,定语从句的分类：限定性定语从句：对其所修饰的名词来讲是必不可少的Myuncleisamanwhobelievesindiscipline.非限定性定语从句：对其所修饰的名词只是一种补充说明，并不必不可少，一般用逗号隔开。IliketochatwithJohn,whoisacleverman.3,先行词：指被定语从句修饰的名词、代词。一般先行词出现在定语从句的前面。4,关系词：定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导，前者在从句中作主语、宾语或者表语，后者在从句中作状语。关系代词thatwhichwhowhomwhoseas关系副词whenwherewhy5,关系词常有3个作用：'①连接作用，引导定语从句。<②代替先行词。卜③在定语从句中担当一个成分。限制性定语从句（无逗号）一、关系代词指人who/whom/that定语从句Theman(who/thatstandsthere)ismyfather.分析：把theman代入定语从句中是充当主语，即：Themanstandsthere,所以连接词可用who和that例句：Thebeautifulgirlwho/thatwearsbluecoatismygirl.Theman(whom/who/thattheyaretalkingabout)ismyfather.分析：把theman代入定语从句中是充当宾语，即：Theyaretalkingabouttheman，所以连接词可用who,that和whom,也就是说whom只能是当先行词代入定语从句中充当宾语的时候才可用。例句：Doyouremembertheboywhom/who/thatwecaughtlastyear?▲注：厂在定语从句中做宾语，句中的whom/who/that还可省略.JTheman(theyaretalkingabout)ismyfather.而当把介词提前时，连接词只能用whomTheman{aboutwhomtheyaretalking)ismyfather.【即学即练1】填词练习1.Thavemanyfriends,ofsomearebusinessmen.wonderthejobofthegirlyoufallinlovewith.MissWangisagoodteacherfromIhavelearnedalot.Inourfactorythereare2,000workers,twothirdsofarewomen.JK.RowlingisagreatwriterhaswrittenmanybookslikeHarryPotter.改错练习1.ThemancameyesterdayisourEnglishteacher.2.1knowthestudentwaspraisedatthemeetinglastweekNohumanbeingcanbereallyhappywhomisnotgivingortryingtogivehappinesstoothers.DoyouknowthegirlwithwhoLiMingistalking?Whathaveyoudonetothegirlistalkingtheteacher?二、关系代词指物which/thatThefarm(which/thatraisesthisanimal)ishere*分析：把farm代入定语从句中是充当主语，即：Thefarmraisesthisanimalo所以连接词用which/that.例句：Theplacewhich/thatholdthemeetingisinthecenterofthecity.Theyear (which/thatIneverforgot)mademanypeopledie.分析：把year代入定语从句中是充当宾语，即：Ineverforgottheyear.所以连接词用which/that.▲注：若先行词在定语从句中做宾语则句中的which/that可省略，即：Theyear(Ineverforgot)mademanypeopledie.例句：Theaccident(which/that)Iwitnessedyesterdaymademesick.【即学即练2】填词练习XiamenWutongLighthouseParkisthepointfromthe2015XiamenInternationalMarathonstarted.Overthepastdecadeshehassavedanotherthousanddollarswithhecouldsupporthisfamilyafterretirement.TheriseinfoodpriceisasubjectChinesepeoplehavetalkedaboutforalongtime.Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool,afterhewentontoCambridge.ThestorywasaboutSnowWhiteandPrinceCharmingismyfavorite.改错练习Hetoldusaboutthecountrieswherehehadvisited.Egyptisacountrywhereisfamousforitspyramids.Thedayswhenwespenttogethercannotbeeasilyforgotten.Thisisawonderfulrestauranthasmanydeliciousfood.ChineseKongfuhasgreatinfluenceinChinahasalonghistoryofit.三.关系副词when/where/whyTheyear(when/inwhichtheearthquakehappened)mademanypeopledie.分析：把year代入定语从句中是充当时间状语，即：Theearthquakehappenedintheyear.所以连接词用when/inwhich.Thefarm(where/onwhichthisanimalisraised)ishere.分析：把farm代入定语从句中是充当地点状语，即：Thisanimalisraisedonthefarm.所以连接词用where/onwhich.Thereason(why/forwhichhewaslateforschool)isunknown.分析：把reason代入定语从句中是充当原因状语，即：hewaslateforschoolforthereason,所以连接词用why/forwhich.【即学即练31填词练习Weliveinanageinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.Londonistheonlycityintheworldtakingabusisaninterestingexperiencefortourists.Hehelpedhisfatheronthefarmtheylive.Isthatthereasonyouareinfavourofthesuggestion?Themostwonderfulthingintheworldisthatyouhaveahomeyoucanshareeverythingwithyourfamilies.改错练习Therearethreethingswhereapersoncandotostayingoodshape.Studentsshouldtrytheirbesttorealizetheirdreamswhereisthelightoftheirlives.wouldneverforgetthedayswhichwehadagreattimetogether.JennywillneverknowthereasonthatJimrefusesher.CouldyoutellmetheplacethattheGreen9saregoingtospendtheirholidays.★注意：当先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语，连接词只能用that5种的情况：①最高级 ②序数词 ③有人又有物 ④不定代词⑤前有theonly&thevery修饰例：Thisistheverycarthatwasstolenafewdaysago.Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.Thisisthebiggestlabthatwehaveeverbuiltinouruniversity.Icanstillrememberthethingsandpeoplethathappenedmanyyearsago.四、人&物 whose(某某人的…/某某物的……表所属关系)Theman(whosecoatisblue)ismyfather.分析：theman代入定语从句中时，与coat构成所属关系，即：theman应coat,所以连接词用whose.Thebook(whosecolorisblue)ishere.分析：thebook代入定语从句中时，与color构成所属关系，HP：thecolorofthebook,所以连接词用whose.=Thebook(thecolorofwhichisblue)ishere.【即学即练4】填词练习MyfriendJennifer,withhelpI'vemadegreatprogressinmystudies,willleaveforCanadanextweek.Heistalkingaboutthegreatwomanfilmshavebeenoninmanycities.Theoldtempleroofwasdamagedinstormisnowunderrepair.Thisfactorywillnottakeonanyoneeyesightisweak.Weshouldrespectthosepeoplewholeliveshavebeencontributedtothecountry.改错练习Thepoormanlivesintheroomwhichwindowsarebroken.Chinaisthecountryofwhichhespentthebestpartofhislife.Loveisanexpensivething,itspriceisyourpureandsincereheart.MymothertoldmethatIshouldneverplaywiththekidswhoparentsweredivorced.Thegovernmentshouldcaremoreaboutthepeoplewherelivesaretoughandhard.非限制性定语从句（有逗号）即在先行词和定语从句之间加个逗号例：Thisisthehousewhich/thatweboughtlastmonth.（限制性）Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.（非限制性，只能用which）Theboywho/thatwearsablackhatismybrother.Theboy,whowearsablackhat,ismybrother.区别：意思上区别不大，只是不能用that,其他连接词用法不变例J：Thecity,whereIlive,isveryattractive.Theyear,whenIwasborn,wasverycold.as,which引导非限定性定语从句由as,which引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句。例：Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.如我们所知,吸烟有害健康。Myparentsoftengivememoneyonweekend,whichisveryimportanttome.我父母每个周某都会给我钱钱，这对于我来说非常的重要区别as指代一整句话的时候要放在句首，而which只能放在逗号后面。1两者意义不同，as有“正如”的意思，而which指代前面的一句话，有“这”的意思。★注意as的特殊用法：名词前有such和thesame修饰时，关系代词只用as。Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.Don'treadsuchbooksasyoucan'tunderstand.【即学即练5】填词练习walkedinourgarden,TomandJimweretyingabigsignontooneofthetrees.Hewasveryrudetothecustomsofficer,ofcoursemadethingsevenworse.Heisworkinghard,willmakehimpassthefinalexam.Theletterisfrommysister,isworkinginBeijing.Maybehewouldnevertellyouthetruth,istoohardtobelieve.改错练习Whichweallknow,swimmingisaverygoodsport.Myglasses,withwhichIwaslikeablindman,felltotheground.Timewillnevercomeback,thatisknowntousall.Therecomesthewriterandsinger,thatisfamousforhisgreattalentinart.Happinessiseveryone'sdream,aswillflyawayifwedon'tcherishit.综合练习填词练习1.You'rethekindestpersonFveevermet.Onethousandpeopleweretrapped（困在）inthedamaged（危险土也）building,mostofweresaved.Remembertodresssmartlyonanoccasionsomethingimportanthappens.Homeisaplace peopledon'tignoreyouandavoidyou.We'llneverforgetthefactoryweworkedtwoweeksago.Theoldbuilding,windowsweredamagedintheearthquakeisnowunderrepair.isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.TheKingwouldnotchoosethosepeopleheartswerenotbraveenough.Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,madetheothersenvyhim.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersonstheyrememberedintheschool.Thereare250womeninourcompanyintotal,onethirdsofareover40yearsold.You'retheonlymanIloveforever.Hangzhouisabeautifulcity,isoftencalledtheHeavenoftheEarth.Thestudentsmovedallthebookstomyoffice,theywantedtokeepthemfortwodays.ReadingaloudisnecessaryforEnglishstudy,Ioftentellyou.改错练习.Thesewhohaveplentyofmoneywillhelptheirfriends..ThisisthelongesttrainwhichIhaveeverseen.3.1havenothingtodowithhim,whomisthecoldestmanIhaveeverseen.shallneverforgetthoseyearswhichIlivedinthefarmwhichyouvisitedlastweek..TheradiosetwhichIboughtitlastweekhasgonewrong..Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,mostofthemhadn'tbeencleanedforatleastayear..Thedaywillcomewhichthepeopleallovertheworldwillwinliberation..InthepolicestationIsawthemanfromwhichroomthethiefhadstolentheTVset..Theytalkedforaboutanhourofthingsandpersonswhotheyrememberedintheschool..Phonebecomemoreandmoreimportantinourlives,withwhichwecannotgetintouchwithfriendsintime.1l.Heisamanofgreatexperience,fromwhomuchcanbelearned.12.Aharvesterisamachinewithwhichweharvestcropsorapersonwhichisharvesting.13.1haveboughtthesamedresswhichsheiswearing..Mr.HerpinisoneoftheforeignexpertswhoisworkinginChina.