考研英语模拟试题一

考研英语（一）模拟试题一

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark

A,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

BlackdeaththatdroveNewtonfromhiscollegeandintoamomentousdiscovery,1

Englandin1665.Astronomicalrecordsofthetimeshowthat2wasayearofintensesunspot

activity,andstudiesofannualtree3,whicharewiderwhenthesunisdisturbed,4thatthe

terribleplagueof1348was5accompaniedbyanactivesun.

Thissoundsincredible,6wenowhaveevidencethatthesunhasadirecteffectonsome

ofourbody7Over120000testsweremadeonpeopleinaBlackSea8tomeasurethe

numberoflymphocytesintheirblood.Thesesmallcellsnormally9between20and25percent

ofman'swhitebloodcells,butinyearsofgreatsolaractivitythis10decreases.Therewasa

bigdropduringthesunspotyearsof1986and1987,andnumberofpeople11fromdiseases

causedbyalymphocytedeficiency12doubledduringthetremendoussolarexplosionofFebruary

1986.

Manyofthebody's13seemtobeinfluencedbysun-inducedchangesintheearth's

magnetic14Ifthisisso,one15tofindthatthenervoussystem,whichdependson

electricalstimuli,wouldbethemost16Astudyof5580coal-mineaccidents17theRuhr

rivershowsthatmostoccurredonthedayfollowingsolaractivity.Studiesoftrafficaccidentsin

RussiaandinGermanyshowthattheseincrease,byasmuchasfour18theaverage,ondays

afterthe19ofasolarflare.Thissuggeststhataccidentsmaybe20adisturbancedeeper

thanasimpledecreaseinreactiontime.Theseresultsmakeitclearthatmanin,amongotherthings,

aremarkablysensitivelivingsundial.

18.[A]timesabove[B]time[C]timesin[D]times

19.[A]formation[B]explosion[C]eruption[D]propulsion

20.[A]dueto[B]aptfor[C]allbut[D]priorto

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,

B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

Text1

Overthelastdecade,demandforthemostcommoncosmeticsurgeryprocedures,likebreast

enlargementsandnosejobs,hasincreasedbymorethan400percent.AccordingtoDr.DaiDavies,

ofthePlasticSurgeryPartnershipinHammersmith,themajorityofcosmeticsurgerypatientsare

notchasingphysicalperfection.Rather,theyaredriventofantasticlengthstoimprovetheir

appearancebyadesiretolooknormal."Whatweallcraveistolooknormal,andnormaliswhatis

prescribedbytheadvertisingmediaandotherexternalpressures.Theygiveuslooklikethat.

InAmerica,thedebateisnolongeraboutwhethersurgeryisnormal;rather,itcentersonwhat

agepeopleshouldbebeforegoingundertheknife.NewYorksurgeonDr.GerardImber

recommends"maintenance"workforpeopleintheirthirties."Theideaofwaitinguntiloneneedsa

heroictransformationissilly,nhesays."Bythen,you'vewasted20greatyearsofyourlifeand

allowedthingstogetoutofhand."Dr.Imberdrawsthelineatoperatingonpeoplewhoareunder

18,however,"Itseemsthatsomeonewedon'tconsideroldenoughtoorderadrinkshouldn'tbe

consideringplasticsurgery.n

IntheUKcosmeticsurgeryhaslongbeenseenastheexclusivedomainoftheveryrichand

famous.Buttheproportionatecostoftreatmenthasfallensubstantially,bringingallbutthemost

advancedlasertechnologywithinthereachofmostpeople.Dr.Davies,whoclaimsto"caterforthe

averageperson",agrees.Hesays:nItreatafewoftherichandfamousandanawfullotof

secretaries.Ofcourse,£3,000foranoperationisalotofmoney.Butitisalsoaninvestmentfbrlife

whichcostsabouthalfthepriceofagoodfamilyholiday."

Dr.Daviessuspectsthattheincreasingsophisticationofthefatinjectingandremoval

techniquesthatallowpatientstobetreatedwithalocalanaestheticinanafternoonhasalsohelped

promotethepopularityofcosmeticsurgery.Yet,asonewomanwhorecentlypaid£2,500for

liposuctiontoremovefatfromherthighsadmitted,theslopetobecomingacosmeticsurgery

Veteranisadeceptivelygentleone."Ihadmylegsdonebecausethey'dbeenbuggingmeforyears.

Butgoingintotheclinicwassolowkeyandeffectiveitwhettedmyappetite.NowIdon'tthink

there'sanyoperationthatIwouldruleouthavingifIcouldaffordit."

21.Accordingtothetext,thereasonforcosmeticsurgeryisto

[A]bephysicallyhealthy.

[B]lookmorenormal.

[C]satisfyappetite.

[D]beacceptedbymedia.

22.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,Dr.Daviesimpliesthat

[A]cosmeticsurgery,thoughcostly,isworthhaving.

[B]cosmeticsurgeryistooexpensive.

[C]cosmeticsurgeryisnecessaryevenfortheaverageperson.

[D]cosmeticsurgeryismainlyfortherichandfamous.

23.Thestatement"drawsthelineatoperatingonpeople"(para.2)isclosestinmeaningto

[A]removingwrinklesfromtheface.

[B]helpingpeoplemakeup.

[C]enjoyingoperating.

[D]refusingtooperate.

24.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat

[A]itiswisetohavecosmeticsurgeryunder18.

[B]cosmeticsurgeryisnowmucheasier.

[C]peopletendtoabusecosmeticsurgery.

[D]theearlierpeoplehavecosmeticsurgery,thebettertheywillbe.

25.Thetextismainlyabout

[A]theadvantageofhavingcosmeticsurgery.

[B]whatkindofpeopleshouldhavecosmeticsurgery.

[C]thereasonwhycosmeticsurgeryissopopular.

[D]thedisadvantageofhavingcosmeticsurgery.

Text2

Innatureasinculture,diversitycanbeadifficultconcept.Understandingitisonething,

acceptingitanother,especiallywhendiversitymeansnotonlyacknowledgingapre-existing

mixtureofdifference—theveryamplenessoftheworld—butalsoaccommodatinganadjustmentto

theexistingstateofthings.AcaseinpointisthereintroductionofgraywolvesinYellowstone

nationalPark.Thirty-threewolveswerereleasedin1995,andtheirnumberhasnowreached97.

Populationexpansionisonemeasureofthewolfprogram'ssuccess,butabetteroneisthewolves1

impactonthenaturaldiversityofthepark.

Typically,apackoftheYellowstonewolveskillsabigdeerveryfewdays.Butoverthe

remainsthewolvesabandon,awonderfulnewdiversityhasemerged.Sincetheirarrival,wolves

havekilledmanyofthepark'scoyotes(丛林郎)，asmallerkindofwolf.Thereductionincoyotes

hascausedanincreaseinrodentssuchasmice,rabbitsandsquirrels,whichalsobenefitsawide

rangeofpredators.Eventhecoyotesthatliveatthemarginsofwolfcountryhaveprospered,thanks

totheleftoversthewolvesleavebehind.Sodogrizzlybears,whichfeedonwolf-kilteddeerbefore

beginninghibernationorwintersleep.

Whathasinterestedscientistsistheswiftness,thedynamism,ofthisshiftindiversity.There

hasbeen,however,nomatchingdynamismintheopinionofhumanswhoopposethewolf

reintroduction.ThatwasmadeplainbyaFederaldistrictjudge'srecentorderto"remove"the

wolves,theresultoralegalprocessthatistheoffspringofinflexibility.Severallivestockgroups,

includingtheWyomingFarmBureau,hadfiledasuitthaturged,inslightlyclevererterms,theold

proposition,nowolves,noproblems.Severalenvironmentalgroupshadfliedaseparate

lawsuit—unconnectedtotheYellowstonewolves—protestingthedroppingoflegalprotectionfor

wolvesthatwererecolonizingIdaho.Thetwosuitswereunfortunatelymerged.

ThoughJudgeWilliamDownesstayedhisowndecision,pendingappeal,hisjudgmentisasad

encouragementtothemistakendefensivenessofmostranchersorcattlefarmers.Itisalsoa

misunderstandingofthepurposeoftheenvironmentalists1suit.Hisdecisionneedstobeswiftlyand

decisivelyoverturnedonappeal.Itisnoexaggerationtosaythatsincethereturnofthewolves,

Yellowstonehaswitnessedaneconomyofdiversityfromwhichhumanculture—includingthe

cultureofranching—candirectlyprofit,ifonlyitchoosestodoso.

26.Sincethearrivalof33wolvesintheYellowstoneNationalPark,

[A]adynamicbiologicalchainhasstartedtofonction

[B]animalskeptintheparkhavehadenoughfood

[C]someanimalsthatarenotwantedhavebeenvanishing

[D]theattractionoftheparkisgreatlyincreased

27.Theauthorthinksitunfortunatethatthejudgeshould

[A]makeeffortstoacceptsuitswithregardtooldissues.

[B]makeuseoflegalmeanstoprotecthisowninterests.

[C]mixuptwoirrelevantsuitsandmakewolvesthevictims.

[D]supporttheprotestagainstcancelinglegalprotectionsforwolves.

28.TheauthorbelievesthatJudgeWilliamDowneswasobviouslyonthesideof

[A]theYellowstonePark

[B]livestockgroups

[C]environmentalgroups

[D]federallaws

29.CommentingontheYellowstoneParkwolfprogram,theauthor

[A]urgesthedistrictjudgetoreversehisrecentorder.

[B]criticizestheattitudeofenvironmentalgroups.

[C]callsonthepeopletoprotectwolveseverywhere

[D]speaksfortheinterestsofmostcattlefarmers.

30.Accordingtotheauthor,theprotectionofwolveswill

[A]bringaboutaneconomicboomtothesurroundingfarmsandranches

[B]causebiggerlossesoflivestocktothePark'sneighboringfarms

[C]leadtoanumberofcontroversiesinthesociety

[D]provetobebeneficialtoallpartiesconcerned

Text3

VintonCerf,knownasthefatheroftheInternet,saidonWednesdaythattheWebwas

outgrowingtheplanetEarthandthetimehadcometotaketheinformationsuperhighwaytoouter

space.

"TheInternetisgrowingquickly,andwestillhavealotofworktodotocovertheplanet,*'

CerftoldthefirstdayoftheannualconferenceoftheInternetSocietyinGenevawheremorethan

1,500cyberspacefanshavegatheredtoseekanswerstoquestionsaboutthetangledwebofthe

Internet.

Cerfbelievedthatitwouldsoonbepossibletosendreal-timesciencedataontheInternetfrom

aspacemissionorbitinganotherplanetsuchasMars."Thereisnowaneffortunderwaytodesign

andbuildaninterplanetaryInternet.Thespaceresearchcommunityiscomingcloserandcloserand

merging.WethinkthatwewillseeinterplanetaryInternetnetworksthatlookverymuchlikethe

onesweusetoday.Wewillneedinterplanetarygatewaysandtherewillbeprotocolstotransmitdata

betweenthesegateways,nCerfsaid.

FrancoisFluckiger,ascientistattendingtheconferencefromtheEuropeanParticlePhysics

LaboratorynearGeneva,wasnotentirelyconvinced,saying:"Weneeddreamslikethis.ButIdon't

knowanyMartianwhomPdliketocommunicatewiththroughtheInternet."

CerfhasbeenworkingwithNASA'sPasadenaJetPropulsionLaboratory-thepeoplebehind

therecentMarsexpedition—todesignwhathecallsan"interplanetaryInternetprotocol.HHe

believesthatastronautswillwanttousetheInternet,althoughspecialproblemsremainwith

interferenceanddelay.

"Thisisquitereal.Theeffortisbecomingextraordinarilyconcreteoverthenextfewmonths

becausethenextMarsmissionisinplanningstagesnow,"Cerftoldtheconference.

"IfweusedomainnameslikeEarthorMars...jetpropulsionlaboratorypeoplewouldbe

comingtogetherwithpeoplefromtheInternetcommunity."Headded.

"TheideaistotaketheinterplanetaryInternetdesignandmakeitapartoftheinfrastructureof

theMarsmission.0

Helatertoldanewsconferencethatdesigningthissystemnowwouldpreparemankindfor

futuretechnologicaladvances.

"Thewholeideaistocreateanarchitecturesothedesignwoksanywhere.Idon'tknowwhere

we'regoingtohavetoputitbutmyguessisthatwellbegoingouttheresometimeJCerfsaid.

"Ifyouthink100yearsfromnow,itisentirelypossiblethatwhatwillbepurelyresearch50

yearsfromnowwillbecomecommercial100yearsfromnow.TheInternetwasthesame----it

startedaspureresearchbutnowitiscommercialized."

31.Whichofthefollowingisthemainpointofthetext?

[A]Thedevelopmentoftheinternet.

[B]Thepossibilityofspaceresearch.

[C]Universalinformationsuperhighway.

[D]ThetechnologicaladvancesofMarsmission.

32.Fromthetext,welearnthatVintonCerfis

[A]seekinganswerstoquestionsabouttheinternetweb.

[B]workingoninterplanetaryinternetwithcollaborationsofNASA.

[C]tryingtocommercializetheinterplanetaryinternet.

[D]exploringthepossibilityofestablishinginternetnetworkonMars.

33.WeknowfromthetextthatMarsmissionis

[A]oneofNASA*sinternetprojects:

[B]anexpeditiontoMars.

[C]theinfrastructureoftheinterplanetaryinternet.

[D]tocreateanarchitectureonMars..

34.AccordingtoCerf,thepurposetodesigninterplanetaryinternetisto

[A]sendreal-timesciencedata.

[B]communicatewithastronauts.

[C]layfoundationforfuturetechnologicaladvances.

[D]commercializeit.

35.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat

[A]thedreamtobuildinterplanetaryinternetcanbefulfilledinthefuture.

[B]interplanetaryinternetwillcommercializedin100years.

[C]theresearchofinternettook50years.

[D]itwilltakealongtimetobuildinterplanetaryinternet.

Text4

Materialculturereferstothetouchable,material"things"—Physicalobjectsthatcanbeseen,

held,felt,used—thatacultureproduces.Examiningaculture'stoolsandtechnologycantellus

aboutthegroup'shistoryandwayoflife.Similarly,researchintothematerialcultureofmusiccan

helpustounderstandthemusic-culture.Themostvividbodyof"thing"init,ofcourse,aremusical

instruments.Wecannothearforourselvestheactualsoundofanymusicalperformancebeforethe

1870swhenthephonographwasinvented,sowerelyoninstrumentsforimportantinformation

aboutmusic-culturesintheremotepastandtheirdevelopment.Herewehavetwokindsofevidence:

instrumentswellpreservedandinstrumentspicturedinart.Throughthestudyofinstruments,as

wellaspaintings,writtendocuments,andsoon,wecanexplorethemovementofmusicfromthe

NearEasttoChinaoverathousandyearsago,orwecanoutlinethespreadofNearEastern

influencetoEuropethatresultedinthedevelopmentofmostoftheinstrumentsonthesymphony

orchestra.

Sheetmusicorprintedmusic,too,ismaterialculture.Scholarsoncedefinedfolk

music-culturesasthoseinwhichpeoplelearnandsingmusicbyearratherthanfromprint,but

researchshowsmutualinfluenceamongoralandwrittensourcesduringthepastfewcenturiesin

Europe,BritainandAmerica.Printedversionslimitvarietybecausetheytendtostandardizeany

song,yettheystimulatepeopletocreatenewanddifferentsongs.Besides,theabilitytoreadmusic

notationhasafar-reachingeffectonmusiciansand,whenitbecomeswidespread,onthe

music-cultureasawhole.

Musicisdeep-rootedintheculturalbackgroundthatfostersit.Wenowpaymoreandmore

attentiontotraditionalorethnicfeaturesinfolkmusicandarewillingtopreservethefoldmusicas

wedowithmanytraditionalculturalheritage.Musiciansallovertheworldarebusywithrecording

classicmusicintheircountryforthesakeoftheiruniqueculture.Asalways,people'saspirationwill

alwaysfocusontheirindividualityratherthanuniversalfeaturesthataresharedbyallcultures

alike.

Onemoreimportantpartofmusic'smaterialcultureshouldbesingledout:theinfluenceofthe

electronicmedia—radio,recordplayer,taperecorder,andtelevision,withthefuturepromising

talkingandsingingcomputersandotherdevelopments.Thisisallpartofthe

"information-revolution",atwentieth-centuryphenomenonasimportantastheindustrialrevolution

inthenineteenth.Theseelectronicmediaarenotjustlimitedtomodemnations;theyhaveaffected

musicculturesallovertheglobe.

36.Whichofthefollowingdoesnotbelongtomaterialculture?

[A]Instruments.

[B]Music.

[C]Paintings.[D]

Sheetmusic.

37.Theword"phonograph"(line6,Paragraph1)mostprobablymeans

[A]recordplayer.

[BIradio.

[C]musicaltechnique.

[D]musicculture.

38.Themainideaofthefirstparagraphis

[A]theimportanceofculturaltoolsandtechnology.

[B]theculturalinfluenceofthedevelopmentofcivilization.

[C]thefocusofthestudyofthematerialcultureofmusic.

[D]thesignificanceoftheresearchintothemusicalinstruments.

39.Whichofthefollowingisnotanadvantageofprintedmusic?

[A]Readingofmusicnotationhasagreatimpactonmusicians.

[B]Peoplemaydrawinspirationfromit.

[C]themusicculturewillbeinfluencedbyitintheend.

[D]Songstendtobestandardizedbyit.

40.Fromthethirdparagraph,wemayinferthat

[A]traditionalculturalheritageisworthyofpreservation.

[B]theuniversalfeaturessharedbyallculturesaren'tworthyofnotice.

[C]musicianspaymoreattentiontothepreservationoftraditionalmusic

[D]themoredevelopedaculture,themorevaluablethemusicithasfostered.

PartB

Directions:Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41—45,

choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA—Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwo

extrachoicesthatdonotfitinanyofthegaps:MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10

points)

HUMANSliketoregardthemselvesasexceptional.Otheranimalsdonothavecomplex,

syntacticallanguages.Nordomostofthemappeartoenjoythesamelevelofconsciousnessthat

peopledo.Andmanyphilosophersbelievehumansaretheonlyspecieswhichunderstandsthat

othershavetheirownpersonalthoughts.Thatunderstandingisknowninthetradeashavinga

"theoryofmind"，anditisconsideredthegatewaytosuchcherishedhumanqualitiesasempathy

anddeception.

41)___________________________________________________

IntheProceedingsoftheRoyalSociety,BerndHeinrichandThomasBugnyarofthe

UniversityofVermont,inBurlington,describeaseriesofexperimentstheyhavecarriedouton

ravens.Theywantedtoseehowthesebirds,whichareknowntobe(atleastbyavianstandards)

bothcleverandsociable,wouldrespondtohumangaze.

42)___________________________________________________

Totestwhetherravenscouldfollowgaze,DrHeinrichandDrBugnyarusedsix

six-month-oldhand-rearedravens,andonefour-year-old.Thebirdsweresat,oneatatime,ona

perchononesideofaroomdividedbyabarrier.Anexperimentersataboutametreinfrontofthe

barrier.Theexperimentermovedhisheadandeyesinaparticulardirectionandgazedfor30

secondsbeforelookingaway.Sometimeshegazedup,sometimestothepartoftheroomwherethe

birdsat,andsometimestothepartoftheroomhiddenbehindthebarrier.Theexperimentwas

videotaped.43).Inthelattercase,thecuriousbirdseitherjumped

downfromtheperchandwalkedaroundthebarriertohavealookorleaptontopofitandpeered

over.Therewasneveranythingthere,buttheyweredeterminedtoseeforthemselves.

Asuggestiveresult,butnot,perhaps,aconclusiveone.44)

Inthiscase,theobservationwaspleasantlyunexpected.DrBugnyarwasconductingan

experimentdesignedtoseewhatravenslearnfromeachotherwhileforaging.Whiledoingsohe

noticedstrangeinteractionsbetweentwomales,Hugin,asubordinatebird,andMunin,adominant

one.

45).Thesubordinatemale

wasfarbetteratthistaskthanthedominant.However,henevermanagedtogulpdownmorethana

fewpiecesoftherewardbeforethedominantraven,Munin,washustlinghimonhisway.Clearly

(andnotunexpectedly)ravensareabletolearnaboutfoodsourcesfromoneanother.Theyarealso

abletobullyeachothertogainaccesstothatfood.

Butthensomethingunexpectedhappened.Hugin,thesubordinate,triedanewstrategy.As

soonasMuninbulliedhim,heheadedovertoasetofemptycontainers,prisedthelidsoffthem

enthusiastically,andpretendedtoeat.Muninfollowed,whereuponHuginreturnedtotheloaded

containersandatehisfill.

[A]Responsetogazeisreckonedtobeagoodmeasureofthedevelopmentoftheoryofmindin

humanchildren.Byabout18monthsofagemostchildrenareabletofollowthegazeofanother

person,andinferthingsaboutthegazerfromit.Failuretodevelopthistrickisanearly

symptomofautism,asyndromewhosemainunderlyingfeatureisaninabilitytounderstandthat

otherpeoplehaveminds,too.

[B]However,thesecondstudy,carriedoutbyDrBugnyarwhenhewasworkingattheUniversity

ofAustria,andpublishedlastmonthinAnimalCognition,suggeststhatravensmayhave

masteredtheartofdeceptiontoo.

[C]Asithappened,Muninwasnodummyeither.Hesoongrewwisetothetactic,andwouldnotbe

ledastray.Heevenstoopedtotryingtofindthefoodrewardsonhisown!ThismadeHugin

furious."Hegotveryangry",saysDrBugnyar,"andstartedthrowingthingsaround."Perhaps

ravenshavesomethingelseincommonwithpeople—ahatredofbeingfoundout.

[D]Biologistshavelearnedtotreatsuchassertionswithcaution.Inparticular,theyhavefound

evidenceoftheoriesofmindinarangeofmammals,fromgorillastogoats.Buttworecent

studiessuggestthatevenmammalianstudiesmaybelookingatthequestiontoonarrowly.Birds,

itseems,canhavetheoriesofmind,too.

[E]DrHeinrichandDrBugnyarfoundthatallthebirdswereabletofollowthegazeofthe

experimenters,evenbeyondthebarrier.

[F]AtfirstDrBugnyarcouldnotbelievewhathewasseeing.Hewasanxiousaboutsharinghis

observation,forfearthatnoonewouldbelievehim.ButHugin,heisconvinced,wasclearly

misleadingMunin.

[G]Thetaskwastoworkoutwhichcolour-codedfilmcontainersheldsomebitsofcheese,then

prisethecontainersopenandeatthecontents.

PartC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsinto

Chinese,YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points).....

Asaneutralnation,SwitzerlandescapedmuchofthehorrorsofWorldWarII.(46)While

EuropewasbeingravagedbyHitler'sNaziwarmachine,theSwisswentabouttheirbusinessliving

asnormalalifeastheycouldamidwhatwouldberememberedastheworstwarinhistory.

Butneutralityinaworldwarisamyth.Althoughgunsandtanksmaynotrollacrossthehillsof

a"neutralnation",otheraspectsofwarareconductedtherejustthesame.DuringWorldWarII,

SwitzerlandwasusedasabasebymanyAlliedspies.(47)InternationalJewishorganizations

operatedoutofSwisscities,andmanySwisscitizensandcompaniesworkedfortheallies,

providingthemwithinformationandmaterials.

ButjustasSwitzerlandhelpedsupporttheAlliedwareffort,sodidtheNazisbenefitfromth