高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解名师课件

第一篇专题复习阅读理解第一节阅读理解之事实细节题第一篇专题复习阅读理解Ⅰ.每日经典谚语和句型背诵与仿写1．Confidenceinyourselfisthefirststepontheroadtosuccess.自信是走向成功的第一步。2．It’snot/justlikesb.todosth.……的行为不/正像某人的一贯作风Ⅰ.每日经典谚语和句型背诵与仿写活学活用仿照上述句型，翻译下列句子。(1)上课迟到不像吉姆的一贯作风，因为他把时间看作是生命中最重要的。____________________________________________________________________________________It’snotlikeJimtobelateforclassbecauseheregardstimeasthemostimportantthinginlife.活学活用仿照上述句型，翻译下列句子。It’snotlik(2)在想到自己前先想到别人正是她一贯的作风。______________________________________________________________________________________It’sjustlikehertothinkofothersbeforethinkingofherself.(2)在想到自己前先想到别人正是她一贯的作风。Ⅱ.阅读理解之事实细节题这类试题旨在考查考生对事实细节的理解。主要针对who，what，which，why，how，when，where等来提问，可能只针对文章中某一特定的细节，也可能涉及若干个细节。这类题的答案一般可以在文章中直接或间接地找到，但是不可能与阅读材料一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型表达相同的意思，即语意转换。解题时注意以下两点：Ⅱ.阅读理解之事实细节题1．用题干或选项中的关键词在文中搜索(寻读)找到题眼，迅速锁定相关词句或信息点，这是解题的依据所在。2．如果题干中含有否定意义的词语，如有not，except等，要特别留心。◎解题技巧1．解题原则：忠实于原文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。1．用题干或选项中的关键词在文中搜索(寻读)找到题眼，迅速锁2．文章中心是论点，事实细节是论据或主要理由；有关细节的问题通常是对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。3．提问的特殊疑问词常有：what,who,which,where,how,why等。4．在阅读理解中，事实细节题常有以下几种命题方式：2．文章中心是论点，事实细节是论据或主要理由；有关细节的问题(1)Whichofthefollowingisright?(2)WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtotheinformationinthepassage?(3)Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrectaccordingtothepassage?(4)WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueinthepassage?(5)Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?(1)Whichofthefollowingisr(6)Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassage?(7)Theauthormentionsallofthefollowingexcept.(8)Thewritermentionsalloftheitemslistedbelowexcept________.(9)Whatistheexampleof...asdescribedinthepassage?(10)Choosetherightorderofthispassage.(6)Whichofthefollowingism(11)Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,etc.)．..(12)Thereasonfor...is...(13)Fromthispassageweknowthat________.(14)Inthepassage,theauthorstatesthat________.(11)Accordingtothepassage,典型例析(2011年高考)Intheanimalkingdom，weaknesscanbringaboutaggressioninotheranimal.Thissometimeshappenswithhumansalso.ButIhavefoundthatmyweaknessbringsoutthekindnessinpeople.Iseeiteverydaywhenpeopleholddoorsforme,pourcreamintomycoffee,orhelpmetoputonmycoat.AndIhavediscoveredthatitmakesthemhappy.典型例析(2011年高考)IntheFrommywheelchairexperience,Iseethebestinpeople,butsometimesIfeelsadbecausethosewhoappearindependentmissthekindnessIseedaily.Theydon'tgettoseethissoftsideofothers.Often，wetryeverywaypossibletoavoidshowingourweakness,whichincludesalotofpretending.Butonlywhenwestoppretendingwe'rebraveorstrongdoweallowpeopletoshowthekindnessthat'sinthem.

Frommywheelchair26．Theauthorhasdiscoveredthatpeoplewillfeelhappywhen________.A．theyoffertheirhelpB．theyreceiveothers'helpC．theyfeelothers'kindnessD．theyshowtheirweakness26．Theauthorhasdiscoveredt解析：事实细节题。由第1段最后一句可知，关键是理该句中的it，它指的是前文中的“thekindnessinpeople”，其具体行为是“peopleholddoorsforme，pourcreamintomycoffee，orhelpmetoputonmycoat”，人们的这些行为概括起来，就是theyoffertheirhelp，故选A。文中信息与选项表述的关系是：具体与概括的关系。答案：A解析：事实细节题。由第1段最后一句可知，关键是理该句中的it27．Theauthorfeelssadsometimesbecause________.A．hehasasoftheartB．hereliesmuchonothersC．somepeoplepretendtobekindD．somepeoplefailtoseethekindnessinothers27．Theauthorfeelssadsometi解析：事实细节题。由第2段第1句but后的内容可知，选项中用somepeople代替了文中thosewhoappearindependent，用failtosee代替了文中的miss。(近义替换)答案：D解析：事实细节题。由第2段第1句but后的内容可知，选项中用(2011年高考)Inaworldwithlimitedland,waterandothernaturalresources(资源),theharmfromthetraditionalbusinessmodelisontherise.Actually,thepastdecadehasseenmoreandmoreforestsdisappearingandglobebecomingincreasinglywarm.Peoplenowrealizethatthisunhealthysituationmustbechanged,andthatwemustbeabletodevelopinsustainable(可持续的)ways.Thatmeansgrowthwithlowcarbonordevelopmentofsustainable(2011年高考)Inproducts.Inotherwords,weshouldkeeptheearthhealthywhileusingitssupplyofnaturalresources.41．ThetraditionalbusinessmodelisharmfulbecauseofallthefollowingEXCEPTthat________.A．ItmakestheworldwarmerB．itconsumesnaturalresourcesC．itbringsseveredamagetoforestsD．itmakesgrowthhardtocontinueproducts.Inotherwords,wes解析：事实细节解。根据第一段“thepastdecadeshasseenmoreandmoreforestsdisappearingandglobebecomingincreasinglywarm.”可知：传统经济发展模式的危害是使全球气候变暖、不能持续发展、给未来发展造成损失。所以B正确。答案：B解析：事实细节解。根据第一段“thepastdecade(2012年高考)Mothers,doctorsandnursesalikehavenoideaofwhereababy'sbloodsugarlevellies.Allweknowisthatalowlevelisharmfultobraindevelopmentandmakesababyeasilyannoyed.Inthisstate,thebabyisdifficulttocalmdownandsleepisimpossible.Thebabyasksforattentionbycryingandsearchingforfoodwithitsmouth.31．AccordingtotheParagraph,onereasonwhyababycriesisthatitfeels________.(2012年高考)Mothers,dA．sick

B．upsetC．sleepyD．hungry解析：事实细节题。由该段最后一句“Thebabyasksforattentionbycryingandsearchingforfoodwithitsmouth”可知。命题人采用了另外的词语(searchingforfood)去转换一种说法，但仍表示同一含义(hungry)。答案：DA．sickB．upset解析：事实细节题(2013年高考)However，tosucceedinlife，onefirstneedstosetagoalandthengraduallymakeitmorepractical.And，inadditiontothat，inordertogenerallygoodatsomething，oneneedstospendatleast10,000hoursstudyingandpracticing.Tobecomegreatatcertainthings，it'llrequireevenmoretime，timethatmostpeoplewon'tputin.(2013年高考)However，tosucThisisabigreasonwhymanysuccessfulpeopleadviseyoutodosomethingyoulove.Ifyoudon'tenjoywhatyoudo，itisgoingtofeellikeunbearablepainandwilllikelymakeyouquitwellbeforeyoueverbecomegoodatit.Thisisabigreas33．Successfulpeoplesuggestdoingwhatonelovesbecause________.A．workmakesonefeelpainB．onetendstoenjoyhisworkC．onegivesuphisworkeasilyD．ittakesalotoftimetosucceed33．Successfulpeoplesuggestd解析：细节理解题。题眼出现在第二段第一句Thisisabigreasonwhymanysuccessfulpeopleadviseyoutodosomethingyoulove.其中的this就是指代上文的内容，即第一段的最后两句话的内容oneneedstospendatleast10,000hoursstudyingandpracticing.Tobecomegreatatcertainthings,it'llrequireevenmoretime,timethatmostpeoplewon'tputin，这两句就告诉我们，要成功需要花费大量的时间。答案：D解析：细节理解题。题眼出现在第二段第一句Thisisa(2013年高考)Inthebattleagainstcheating,thisisthecuttingedgeandakeytoencouragehonestyintheboomingfieldofonlineeducation.Thetechnologygivestrusttotheentiresystem,totheinstitutionandtoonlineeducationingeneral.Onlywithsolidmeasuresagainstcheating,expertssay,canInternetuniversitiesshowthattheirexamsanddiplomasarevalid—thatstudentshaven'tjustsearchedtheInternettogettherightanswers.(201343．ForInternetuniversities,examsanddiplomaswillbevalidif________.A．theycanattractpotentialstudentsB．theycandefeatacademiccheatingC．theyofferstudentsonlinehelpD．theyoffermanyonlinecourses43．ForInternetuniversities,解析：细节理解题。由第三段最后一句Onlywithsolidmeasuresagainstcheating，expertssay,canInternetuniversitiesshowthattheirexamsanddiplomasarevalid可知，只有有了打击作弊的强有力的措施，网络大学才能表明他们的考试和文凭是有效的。答案：B解析：细节理解题。由第三段最后一句Onlywithsol1．“Haveaniceday！”

maybeapleasantgestureorameaninglessexpression.WhenmyfriendMaxiesays“Haveaniceday”withasmile.Iknowshesincerelycaresaboutwhathappenstome.Ifeellovedandsecuresinceanotherpersoncaresaboutmeandwishesmewell.HowdoestheauthorunderstandMaxie’swords?A．Maxieshowsheranxietytotheauthor.1．“Haveaniceday！”maybeaB．Maxiereallywishestheauthoragoodday.C．Maxieencouragestheauthortostayhappy.D．Maxiereallyworriesabouttheauthor'ssecurity.解析：事实细节题。由最后两句可知，特别是“caresaboutmeandwishesmewell”等字眼。命题人采用了另外的词语去转换一种说法，但仍表示同一含义。答案：BB．Maxiereallywishestheauth2．Theexpressioncanbepleasant.Ifastrangersays“Haveaniceday”toyou,youmayfinditheart­warmingbecausesomeoneyoudon'tknowhastriedtobenicetoyou.Bysaying“Haveaniceday，”

astrangermay________.A．trytobepolitetoyouB．expressrespecttoyou2．TheexpressioncanbepleasaC．givehisblessingtoyouD．sharehispleasurewithyou解析：事实细节题。由该段可知，特别是“hastriedtobenicetoyou”最为明显。命题人采用了另外的词语(triedtobenicetoyou)去转换一种说法，但仍表示同一含义(trytobepolitetoyou)。答案：AC．givehisblessingtoyou解析：事3．Well,atlastwehavecopper­bottomedresearchthatsupportsdemandfeedingandpointsouttheweaknessesofstrictlytimedfeeding.Theresearchfindsoutthatbabieswhoarefedondemanddobetteratschoolatage5,7,11and14,thanbabiesfedaccordingtotheclock.Bytheageof8,theirIQ(智商)scoresarefourtofivepercenthigherthanbabiesfedbyarigidtimetable.ThisresearchcomesfromOxfordandEssexUniversityusingasample(样本)of10,419children3．Well,atlastwehavecopperbornintheearly1990s,takingaccountofparentaleducation,familyincome,achild'ssexandage,themother'shealthandfeedingstyle.Theseresultsdon'tsurpriseme.Feedingaccordingtoschedulerunstheriskofharmingtherapidlygrowingbrainbytakingnoaccountofsinkingbloodsugarlevels.Whatdoestheresearchtellusaboutfeedingababyondemand?bornintheearly1990s,takinA．Thebabywillsleepwell.B．Thebabywillhaveitsbrainharmed.C．Thebabywillhavealowbloodsugarlevel.D．Thebabywillgrowtobewiserbytheageof8.A．Thebabywillsleepwell.解析：事实细节题。由第三句“Bytheageof8,theirIQ(智商)scoresarefourtofivepercenthigherthanbabiesfedbyarigidtimetable”可知。答案：D解析：事实细节题。由第三句“Bytheageof84．Iwasblind,butIwasashamedofitifitwasknown.Irefusedtouseawhitestickandhatedaskingforhelp.Afterall,Iwasateenagegirl,andIcouldn'tbearpeopletolookatmeandthinkIwasnotlikethem.Imusthavebeenaterribledangerontheroads.Comingacrossmewanderingthroughthetraffic,motoristsprobablywouldhavetosteprapidlyontheirbrakes.Apartfromthat,therewereallsortsofdisastersthatusedtooccuronthewaytoandfromwork.4．Iwasblind,butIwasashamThegirlrefusedtoaskforhelpbecauseshethought________.A．shemightberecognizedB．askingforhelplookedsillyC．shewasnormalandindependentD．beingfoundblindwasembarrassingThegirlrefusedtoaskforhe解析：事实细节题。由本文第一句“Iwasblind,butIwasashamedofitifitwasknown”可知。答案：D解析：事实细节题。由本文第一句“Iwasblind,b5．Oneevening,IgotoffthebusabouthalfwayhomewhereIhadtochangebuses,andasusualIranintosomething.“I'mawfullysorry，”

Isaidandsteppedforwardonlytorunintoitagain.Whenithappenedathirdtime,IrealizedIhadbeenapologizingtoalamppost.Thiswasjustoneofthestupidthingsthatconstantlyhappenedtome.SoIcarriedonandfoundthebusstop,whichwasarequeststop,wherethebuswouldn'tstopunlesspassengerswantedtogetonor5．Oneevening,Igotofftheboff.NooneelsewasthereandIhadtotrytoguessifthebushadarrived.Afterthegirlgotoffthebusthatevening,she________.A．begantorunB．hitapersonasusualC．hitalamppostbyaccidentD．wascaughtbysomethingoff.Nooneelsewasthereand解析：事实细节题。由第三句“Whenithappenedathirdtime,IrealizedIhadbeenapologizingtoalamppost”可知。答案：C解析：事实细节题。由第三句“Whenithappened6．What'sinterestingisthatbothcatsanddogshaveappearedtodeveloptheirintelligence.Theycanlearnhowtoreadeachother‘sbodysignals,suggestingthatthetwomayhavemoreincommonthanwepreviouslysuspected.Oncefamiliarwitheachother’spresenceandbodylanguage,catsanddogscanplaytogether,greeteachothernosetonose,6．What'sinterestingisthatbandenjoysleepingtogetheronthesofa.Theycaneasilysharethesamewaterbowlandinsomecasesgroom(梳理)eachother.Itissuggestedthatcatsanddogs________.A．havecommoninterestsB．arelessdifferentthanwasthoughtC．haveacommonbodylanguageD．arelessintelligentthanwasexpectedandenjoysleepingtogetheron解析：事实细节题。由该段第2句“thetwomayhavemoreincommonthanwepreviouslysuspected”可知。只是用“arelessdifferent(不同点更少了)”替代了原文的“havemoreincommon(共同点更多了)；用“thanwasthought”替代了“thanwepreviouslysuspected”。命题人分别采用了“反义表达(用反义词表达相同意思)”和“近义替换”。答案：B解析：事实细节题。由该段第2句“thetwomayha7．Iarrivedintheclassroomwithpapercardsdesignedintheshapeofmapleleaves.Ihadcutthemmyselfoutoforangeconstructionpaper.Isawninestudentsalongalongtable.Ihandedoutthecards,andthestudentswrotedowntheirnamesandfastenedthemtotheirbreastpocketsasIrequired.Beforehestartedhisclass,theauthoraskedthestudentsto________.7．IarrivedintheclassroomwA．writedowntheirsuggestionsonthepapercardsB．cutmapleleavesoutoftheconstructionpaperC．cutsomecardsoutoftheconstructionpaperD．writedowntheirnamesonthepapercardsA．writedowntheirsuggestions解析：事实细节题。由“Ihandedoutthecards,andthestudentswrotedowntheirnamesandfastenedthemtotheirbreastpocketsasIrequired”可知。答案：D解析：事实细节题。由“Ihandedouttheca8．WhenIwasgrowingupinAmerica,Iwasashamedofmymother'sChineseEnglish.BecauseofherEnglish,shewasoftentreatedunfairly.Peopleindepartmentstores,atbanks,andatrestaurantsdidnottakeherseriously,didnotgivehergoodservice,pretendednottounderstandher,orevenactedasiftheydidnothearher.Whywastheauthor'smotherpoorlyserved?8．WhenIwasgrowingupinAmeA．ShewasunabletospeakgoodEnglish.B．Shewasoftenmisunderstood.C．Shewasnotclearlyheard.D．Shewasnotverypolite.解析：事实细节题。由文中“BecauseofherEnglish,shewasoftentreatedunfairly”可知。答案：AA．Shewasunabletospeakgood9．Thisiswhatbeingawinnerisallabout－creativelyusingyourskillsandtalentssothatyouaresuccessfulnomatterwhathappens.Winnersdon'thavefewerproblemsintheirlives;theyhavejustasmanydifficultsituationstofaceasanybodyelse.Theyarejustbetteratseeingthoseproblemsaschallengesandopportunitiestodeveloptheirowntalents.So,stopfocusingon“whosefaultitis.”Onceyouareconfidentaboutyourpoweroverbadsituations,problemsarejuststeppingstoponforsuccess.9．ThisiswhatbeingawinnerWhenproblemsoccur,winnerstakethemas________.A．excusesfortheirfailuresB．barrierstogreaterpowerC．challengestotheircolleaguesD．chancesforself­developmentWhenproblemsoccur,winnerst

解析：事实细节题。由该段“Winnersdon‘thavefewerproblemsintheirlives;theyhavejustasmanydifficultsituationtofaceasanybodyelse”可知。答案：D解析：事实细节题。由该段“Winnersd10．Foodsometimesgetspoisonedwithharmfulthings.Apersonwhoeatssuchfoodcangetanillnesscalledfoodpoisoning.Foodpoisoningisusuallynotserious,butsometypesaredeadly.Thesymptomsoffoodpoisoningusuallybeginwithinhoursofeatingthepoisonedfood.Feverisoneofthemostcommonsymptoms.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?10．FoodsometimesgetspoisoneA．Foodwhenpoisonedcanmakepeoplesick.B．Foodpoisoningmeansdeath.C．Foodpoisoningcomesinvarieties.D．Foodpoisoningcanbeserious.解析：由该段中“Foodpoisoningisusuallynotserious,butsometypesaredeadly”可知。答案：BA．Foodwhenpoisonedcanmake11．Lisawasrunninglate.Lisa,25,hadalottodoatwork,plusvisitorsontheway,herparentswerecominginforThanksgivingfromherhometown.Butasshehurrieddownthesubwaystairs,shestartedtofeeluncomfortablywarn.Bythetimeshegottotheplatform,Lisafeltweakandtired－maybeithadn'tbeenagoodideatogivebloodthenightbefore,shethought.Sherestedherselfagainstapostclosetothetracks.11．Lisawasrunninglate.LisaWhatwasthemostprobablecauseforLisa'sweakness?A．Shehadrunalongway.B．Shefelthotinthesubway.C．Shehaddonea1otofwork.D．Shehaddonatedbloodthenightbefore.Whatwasthemostprobablecau解析：事实细节题。由倒数第二句“Lisafeltweakandtired—maybeithadn'tbeenagoodideatogivebloodthenightbefore”可知。答案：D解析：事实细节题。由倒数第二句“Lisafeltweak12．Itwashardtolifther.Shewasjustout.Buthemanagedtoraiseherthefourfeettotheplatformsothatbystanderscouldholdherbythegrinsanddragherawayfromtheedge.ThatwaswhereLisabrieflyregainedconsciousness,feltherselfbeingpulledalongtheground,andsawsomeoneelseholdingherpurse.HowdidFranksaveLisa?A．Byliftinghertotheplatform.12．Itwashardt