高级写作课程结构强化

课程大纲Introductiongeneralwritingimprovementstrategies

Logicstrategies议论文:各类高端国内外考试说明文：部门高端国内外考试应用文：生活及部门考试记叙文：生活及部门考试1Introduction1.1whatisadvancedwriting1.2abilitiesmeasuredVocabulary,sentence----basicparagraph,article----logic1.3mistakes2generalwritingimprovementstrategies2.1Vocabularybuilding炼词2.2Sentencebuilding炼句2.3Paragraphbuilding炼段2.1vocabularybuildingRequirement:varietyanddiversity多样性appropriatewordchoice合适合理idiomaticexpression习惯表达Vocabularybuildingmethods:同义词及区别上义词意译词习惯修辞及横线构词同义词及区别重要、导致、促进、大的、剧烈地、迷恋程度副词

剧烈类：greatly/enormously/sharply/steeply/suddenly/alarmingly/amazingly/massively/rapidly/dramatically/considerably/significantly/incredibly/Substantially…..

缓慢类：gradually/gently/steadily/slightly/slowly/marginally/inamoderateway/bytheleastamount/moderately选择中名词优先原则坐落蜿蜒盘亘好奇提升品位自恋女神杯具Snake

nestDragonoverCraneforLadderupnarcissusMussOedipusRocketupApolloSisyphus

经典名著例子有钱男人需要找老婆Amaninpossessionofagreatfortunemustbeinwantofawife.人们对此议论纷呈Ideasonthisissuekeepatconstantvariance.如何用名词表达？重要、导致、促进、大的、迷恋、剧烈的Ofimportance=importantResultin=haveresultin..HaveContributiontoAdvance=haveadvancementtoHaveafancyonyou/sthstrikemyfancyexertpeculiarfascinationonnosediveTIPSRecitewordsperdayScanwebperdayWritedownthenewandinterestingwordsandtheirnone.上义词---wheretouseRestrict/limit--？Regulation/law--？countryAnimalexperimentBooks/TV/ad.ComputerTeacher意译词写作初级阶段：=翻译常见意译错误:Pleasegivemeareplyifyouareconvenient.MyMP3cannotlisteneventhoughithasmuchelectricity.Peoplenowhaveconditiontoeatgoodthings.Iwanttolearnmoreaboutthegardenknowledge.生活中经常出现的意译错误送朋友回家对不起，没座了Sorry,noseatsavailable网站暂时无法访问WebsiteTemporarilyUnavailable.英语水平Englishskills谢谢你的好意，不过我可以走回去

Thanksforyouroffer,butIcanwalkhome伸出了援助之手

offeringhelpinghands他给了一件工作给我。

这种产品效果绝对不一样Itwillmakeagreatdifference.对于我来说，吃什么都一样。Itmakesnodifferencetohavethisorthat你这样做是什么意思What’syourpoint做…没什么意思？Pointlesstodo….Makesnosensetodo我邮箱打不开了Icannotaccessmymailboxtoday在城里孩子们有渠道去看各种演出。关于动物意译天涯何处无芳草fish好兔不吃窝边草Donotfishinyourneighbor’spool老鼠爱大米cheese力壮如牛…..asstrongasahorse/willinghorse黑马Darkhorse胆小如鼠Astimidasachicken

习惯修辞

比喻Dabble浅涉水v---涉猎明眸善睐社会像是？Adyeingpot/saladpot阿甘正传beanscarrotsNarcissus拟人Facelift拉皮n.Therestauranthas,withitsnewbosshailingfromNewYork,hadanewfaceliftrecently.Feedupthemachine/vendor门开不了灯怒气冲冲地闪烁着Sparkswereemittedfromsmallblackboxesandredlampsflashedonandoffangrily.一股怪味袭来，使他相信了我说的是真话HewasgreetedbyanunpleasantsmellwhichconvincedhimthatIwastellingthetruth.

借代IntheleastdevelopedcountriesinAfrica,allfurandfeatherarehuntedforfood.Creature/speciesOurhotelisshortofhandsWallhasears.Greatmindsthinkalike.Chinaissufferingbrainloss/drain.Highbrow/lowbrowhigh/lowpitch/key----

夸张Shehastheheartinhermouth.Shewenthomeinafloodoftears.(Laughter…..)押韵:smileasmiledreamalittledreamTalkthetalk/WalkthewalkBettercity,betterlifeInterior…..exterior……..双关AverydearcatformeApriliscomingafteralongmarch.TIPSE’conomistNewYorkerWikiUrbandictionaryMOREHANGZHOU2.2sentencebuildingRequirement:Complication

英语重结构，汉语重语义

syntacticvariety英语多变化，汉语多重复

length英语多长句，汉语多短句

Sentencebuildingmethods:横向变换句型1basicsentencewriting结构写作2basicvarietyprinciples基本5变化法3Modulechoice7

模块认知和选择高级变化4modulesynthesis模块合成长句basicsentencewritingbasicsentencewriting结构写作基本结构和常见错误SVOSbeCbasicvarietyprinciples基本5变化法Basicvariety5principles法则1主语变化：英语多被动，汉语多主动

众所周知Weallknownthat……It’sknowntoallthat….ItmustbepointedoutthatItmustbeadmittedthat.Itisimaginedthat.

Itcannotbedeniedthat.

Itwillbeseenfromthisthat.Itshouldberealizedthat.Itis(always)stressedthat.Itmaybesaidwithoutfearofexaggerationthat人们对此意见不一。Differentpeoplehavedifferentideasaboutthis.Ideasonthisissue/topicvaryfrompersontoperson.variousIdeasonthisissuekeepatconstantvariance.法则2动宾结构变化为副词加形容词：doharmtothebody/spirit----physically/mentallyharmful/detrimentalFinanciallysupportive/stressedhavegreatbenefittotheenvironment—environmentallyfriendly/beneficial

法则3倒装句介宾短语前置倒装：杭州位于中国东部，是一个天堂城市。HznestsintheeastofC.Inthe…..NestsHZ,Abeautifulcity.Only介宾短语、从句+系动词助动词+句子：Onlyinthiswaycanwesolvetheproblem.只有在孩子完成作业以后才能被允许看电视。只有大家充分认识到这个问题以后问题才能真正得以解决。Onlyafter/wheneverydayrealizetheproblemcanitbeworkedoutNotonly…butalso倒装:Notonlycan…..,italso……大学教育政府设施奉献scarificationSuch….that倒装：经典引入句Suchishumannaturethat……Suchisacommonphenomenonthat…..Never倒装经典引入句Neverhasthepublic

witnessed/seensuchaphenomenonthat….法则4强调句Itis+强调部分+that剩余部分炼句中几种其他强调1.用形容词“very”，“single”等表示强调

Notasinglepersonhasbeenintheofficethisafternoon2.用反身代词表示强调Hehimselfcometovisitthepatient.3.用助词“do”表示强调4.用短语“ineveryway”，“innoway”，“byallmeans”，“bynomeans”

他的举止确实无可挑剔。

你一定要把儿子带来。托福考试5用倒装句表示强调法则5双重否定句双重否定为了强调，也有的是为了使语气委婉1、否定词＋否定词缀

我们经常出国。

Wedonotinfrequentlygoabroad.

天下无难事，只怕有心人。

Nothingisimpossibletoawillingmind.

已经做了的事后悔也无用。

What'sdonecannotbeundone.

考试经典句型Itisnotuncommon……Itisnotundeniable…..………2、否定词＋含有否定意义的词（各类）Thereisnodoubtthat….neverfailtodo…..Thereisnodenying

that…….Itnotseldomhappensthat….Therearefewpeoplewhodon'tliketo。。。。。

Nogainswithoutpains.Thereisnosmokewithoutfire.模仿没…..没……无….无…..

3、否定词＋否定词Nothingventure,nothinggain.凡是地球人都无一不认识TA。Thereisnoonewholivesintheworldwhodoesn'tknowher.模仿凡是生活在城市的人没有一个不知道现在城市的污染问题

Modulechoice7

模块认知和选择高级变化Modulechoice

外增高1-6，内增高7模块1介宾短语---With替代动词，前置平衡结构西雅图气候宜人是一个花园城市。TheclimateinSeattleisagreeableandisagardencity.Seattleisagardencitywiththemostdelightfulclimateintheworld.Seattle,withthemostdelightfulclimateintheworld,isagardencity.当老罗用那低沉的调子和诡异的表情讲出那个笑话的时候整个教室爆发出爆笑。Thewholeclassburstoutlaughing/brokeinto/burstintoagreatlaughterwhenLaoluo,withhislowtoneandweirdLook,toldthestory当城市化的脚步在高楼林立工业扩展中进入农村，农村的宁静正在慢慢地被打破。Thepeaceofvillageisbeingbrokenslowly,WhenthepaceofurbanizationSprawl/spreadintothecountrysidewithskyscrapersstandingupandindustryroaringeveryday甘霖在新东方四国混血，资历最老，在学生中享有很高声望。GL,with3foreignoriginsandmostexperience/experiencedresume/application,enjoysahighfame/reputationamongstudents功夫总是吸引成千上万的迷们因为它以它那些….的绝招把人们带入了一个刀光剑影的江湖世界。Kungfualwaysattracts/interests/….KFneverfailstofascinatethousandsoffansforitinvolvesusintothecowboylifewithjumpingfromrooftoroof,runningonthewinds,shootingelectricityfromone’sfinger……考试模拟练习随着社会发展经济进步人们生活水平提高，电脑已经作为一种普通日用品飞入了平常百姓家。模块2定语从句SVO,which…….S,which/who……,VOGL,whoisthemostexperiencedteacherinNOS,enjoysahighfame/reputation.大学教育模块3分词伴随及位置平衡

分词做伴随的妙用可以替代任何状语从句:ving,主干IfBefore/AfterWhen/whileAlthoughBecause/so……..HavingthemostexperiencedresumeinNOS,GLenjoysahighreputationamongthestudents.GL,havingthemostsophisticatedresumeinNOS,enjoysahighreputationamongthestudents.模块4独立主格----高级表达方法分词做伴随主语不同时N+doing/done,主干政府教育科技社会模块5同位语---最佳最简单长句模块Laoyu,……………GL,themostsophisticated/hardenedguyinNOS，enjoysahighreputationamongthestudents.

和上义词思维模式相似模块6同位语从句有内容的名词+whether/that内容本身ThefactthatThedebatewhether….isgoingontothecenterstageofthepublic/goingintothespotlight.引入话题经典句型Suchisthehumannaturethat…Neverhasthesocietywitnessedsuchaphenomenonthat…模块7名词性从句----内增高法SVO主语从句Whathasattractedthepubliciswhether…宾语从句表语从句实战练习西湖位于杭州市中心，闹中取静，风景优美，历史悠久，文化深厚。Hustleandbustleofthecity快乐和幸福的真谛不是拥有的更多而是要求的更少。环境问题太复杂，个人难以解决。我们需要关注的不是环境可以给我们带来什么，而是我们能为它做出什么。modulesynthesis模块合成长句Modulesynthesis如何练就长句S2

3VO4,56前提：写好句子主干1议论的引导词：起Firstofall,firstly,atthebeginning,firstandforemost,inthefirstplace,tobeginwith,tostartwith,ontheonehand承Secondly,ontheotherhand,moreover,furthermore,inaddition,inthesecond转However,nevertheless,nonetheless,conversely,onthecontrary,tothecontrast,incontrast（用于反面例证和让步段）合inconclusion,toconclude,asawhole,allinall,inshort,inaword,insummary,tosumup,towrapup,afterall,intheend,generallyspeaking,inthissense,wecansafelysay（用在结尾段）2同位语：通常让在主语S/O(N)后面----名词成分：..Universityeducation,….,can…...LaoYu,……,__v__..Advertisement,_____,___v_____..Scienceandtechnology,_____,__v___twobladesword同位语变形------分词成分/定从….被认为是…..？？N,regarded/considered/deemed/referredtobe/entitledtobe…..改革开放政策？对外交流政策？Thepolicyofreformandopeninguptotheoutsideworld,________，…

Computersaremoreappliedineducationthanbefore.computersoverweighteachers.

Firstly,computers,deemedtobe…..,canenrichtheteachingmethod.Secondly,computers,……,can…其他话题训练老师，信息，汽车…..Teachers,…….,will……..Cars,hightechandfullfunctionfourwheelsmachines,willbringus…..1S23VO4563插入语：通常放在是实意动词前面Toalarge/someextent/degree;directlyorindirectly;onewayoranother4介宾短语表示动作方式Universityeducation,oneofthemostimportantperiodsofourlife,can,toalargeextent,bringus___withvarioussubjects.Thepolicyofreformandopeninguptotheoutsideworld,___2_____,has,___3___,v….,/with……..

5从句which,前提内容扩展Universityeducation,oneofthemostimportantperiodsofourlife,can,toalargeextent,bringus___withvarioussubjects,whichwill…..从而，于是….Thepolicyofreformandopeninguptotheoutsideworld,___2_____,has,___3___,v….,/with……..,which….Firstofall,teachers,thehumanbeingwiththoughts,can，_3___,start/havespiritualcommunicationwiththestudents,which…3toalargeextentMoreover,teachers,theelites/thosewithvariouscharacteristics,will,___3__,setupgoodexamplesofstudents…..,which…3directlyorindirectly其他话题训练：Mobilephonescausesomemedical,social,andtechnicalproblems.Willtheproblemsoutweightheadvantages?1Mobilephones,____2_____,____3_____,____V_____4by/with…..,5which/so……2oneofthemostconvenientmethodstokeepintouchwitheachother,can,3tosomedegreev:enhancethecommunication4介宾短语及前置（with/after….）：5定语从句：which….6其他从句：so…/because…./if…..原因连词：because/for/since/as/inthat原因介词：becauseof/dueto/owingto/为了forthesakeof条件连词：if/as(so)longas,given(provided)that/supposedthat/incasethat

经典长句句型Universityeducation,deemedtobeoneofthemostsignificantpartsofpeople‘slife,can,toalargeextent,offerusawealthofknowledge/intermsofvariouskindsofsubjects,whichwillalayasolidfoundationfor……（58）

Thereformandopeninguptotheoutsideworld,regardedtobeoneofthemostessentialpoliciesputforwardbyourgreatleaderDengXiaopinginthe20thcentury,has,directlyorindirectly,boostedtheprosperityofnationaleconomybyintroducingthestateofthearttechnologyandconcepts,whichgreatly/enormouslybuildupournationalstrengthandmakeChinaamoreandmorestrongernationinthespotlightoftheinternationalstage.

731S23vo452.3paragraphbuilding训练目的：写作逻辑基本培养TS->SI拓展思维----分类思维汽车很方便超市很热闹科技很先进环境很污染话题随机练习农村生活好methods:1倒装排山倒海2强调一直海棠压梨花3分总万剑归宗美文赏析经典案例失败是成功之母快乐别人就是快乐自己了解过去很有必要过去成功比现在成功要容易高级英文写作教程蓝色外研社如何写拓展句？？SI一写好处和影响平行分类1人群分类2组成部分3画面例子

对比A好相关BCD不好反面A+没有A我们多惨二原因背景分析：因为缺少，有问题所以需要Industrymovingsavinglandforendangeredanimal?学习历史可以增长知识3independentwriting---Argument

题目原则：A/-A;A/BLogic-----StructureIntroductionBodyConclusion

ProofreadingRequirement:wellorganizedandwelldevelopedusingclearlyappropriateexplanation,exemplification,and/ordetailsdisplaysunity,progression,andcoherence

题目原则：A/-A;A/BDoyouthinkpeoplewillreducethecarsin20years?Governmentsshouldfocusmoreonpreservationofenvironmentratherthaneconomicdevelopment.Logic-----Structure论证思路：常规选择式:一边倒；正正反补跳出模板式常规式一边倒支持or反对/支持Aor支持BIntroBody1Body2Body3Con.常规式正正反补IntroBody1Body2Body3反-让步论证反面；补-削弱反面Con.跳出式列标准IntroCriteria1Criteria2Criteria3Con.Thebestwaytoseefilmsistogotothecinema?Thebestwaytoachievehappinessyourselfistomakeothershappy.练习2009.3.28Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Teachersshouldmaketheirsocialorpoliticalviewsknowntostudents.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?In20yearsfromnowon,studentswillnotuseprintedbooksanymore.2009.3.14Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Itisbettertospendmoneyontravelingandvacationthantosavemoneyforthefuture.Others

对应结构总结一边倒正正反补--对让步段进行反驳

跳出模式一边倒IntroductionBody1正/反Body2正/反Body3正/反Conclusion正正反补IntroductionBody1Body2Body3反+补（对反的削弱）Conclusion跳出式IntroductionCriteria1Criteria2Criteria3ConclusionIntroduction基本开头经典开头基本开头1背景分析引入话题：几个基本句型？？2两派分析Ideasonthisissuekeepatconstantvariance.3自我观点：六脉神剑引入句比较NothingISmorecontroversialthantheissue…倒装Neverhasthesocietywitnessedsuchanissue..Suchisthehumannature/socialphenomenonthat….

…..neverfailtofascinatethepublic真理Itisthetruththathasbeenuniversallyacknowledgedthat….Itisofcommonconsensusthat………拟人：1Rapturousapplauserecentlygreeted……

heatedcontroversy/concern/consensus2Thesocietyisnostrangerto…….经典开头话题引入句1真理性开头It’sthetruth/factthathasbeenuniversallyacknowledged/acceptedthat…….如何想真理？？真理变争议要改变,whichhaschangedtosomedegree….

于是导致争议leadingtoadebate/controversywhether….

Publicfacilitiesorart?政府It’sthetruththathasbeenuniversallyacknowledgedthat________

但在现代面临新问题—于是导致了一个争议…..whichisnowconfrontedwith____anewproblembecauseofspiritualpursuitleadingtoahotdebatewhether……..Isuniversityeducationuseless?教育It’sthetruththathasbeenuniversallyacknowledgedthatuniversityeducation_______,whichisnow______because..极大地改变了，于是导致了一个争议….,leadingtoaheatedcontroversywhether……是否政府该鼓励工业搬到农村？环境It’sthetruththathasbeenuniversallyacknowledgedthat___1____，whichisconfrontedwith__2___becauseofthesideeffecttothecity,givingriseto…..经典开头2事例性开头描写现象，例子证实，引出话题………,asitdid/doesinthecaseof…….Which………,leadingtoapro./debatewhether…………其他备选经典开头引入句4名言法----参见名言表自问自答法练习：电影在家ORCINEMA教育基础建设文化建设科技

聪明幽默择友

事情多---不能做好？bodyTS论点句SI论证句实质：二级延伸如何写论点句：思路：思维两分—名词聚焦---宏观微观常规式一级延伸TS

宏观（社会）-关键词1,2

正/A

微观（个人）-关键词3,4Topic

宏观（社会）-关键词5,6

反/B

微观（个人）-关键词7,8

常规式二级延伸分类拓展

关键词1

正/A2Topic

反/B关键词5

跳出式的二级延伸

1CriteriaTS----》SI分类TOPIC2CriteriaTS----》SI分类3CriteriaTS----》SI分类拓展思路方式：---列好处---写原因教育类关于大学教育的讨论好处正面：微观:关键词1knowledge长句子？…拓展关键词2experience...宏观：关键词1人才elite---

反面：微观：关键词1exam-orientedsystem

教育类机经练习理论学科实践学科父母是最好的老师城市长大农村长大学生打工年轻人什么也不能教家长

教育类词汇Finalizeadecentjob/promisingjobLaydownasolidfoundationforourfuturedevelopment开拓眼界丰富知识Broadeninsightandenrichknowledge必修课选修课Compulsorycourseandoptionalcourse

旁听auditthecourse多才多艺wellrounded/comprehensive/straightAstudent/versatile理论知识实践知识Theoreticalknowledge/practicalknowledge人际交往能力Interpersonal/interactiveabilities/capabilities公司实习HavetheCompanyinternship适应社会bewellfit/matchtheupcomingcompetition/applyto政策类2009.3.22Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Governmentsshouldfocusmoreonpreservationofenvironmentratherthaneconomicdevelopment.Economicdevelopment:好处？Environmentalpreservation:好处？原因？Pollution….拓展ResourceEndangeredanimalDoyouagreeordisagree:Somepeoplethinkthatalargeamountoftimeandmoneyshouldbespentontheconstructionofpublicfacilitiesbutothersthinkartsshouldbeemphasized.关于公众设施or文化建设?好处Topic选择一个赞同->名词

简单句a.theconstructionofpublicfacility微观：1…..宏观：1……..b.art微观:1……./gallery/concert/animationandcartoonfestival宏观:1………科技政府类词汇取其精华去其糟粕Acceptingthegood/essenceandrejectingthebad/dross.MaterialandspiritualMentalandphysical对外开放

openuptotheoutsideworld.先进技术state-of-the-artconceptandtechnology双刃剑？Twobladesword

环境保护类是否支持工业搬迁去农村？1……减少污染？-----SI拓展？Firstly,encouragingtheindustryintothecountryside,____,will,___,reducethepollution,which…….保证可持续发展？Sustainabledevelopment环境类词汇三废？TheemissionoftheexhaustedairThedischargeofthewaste/stagnantwater、noise可饮用水Potablewater威胁生命？Endanger/threaten/jeopardizethesustaininglifeRawsewage未处理的污水2……..节省公司成本laborforceMoreover,theencouragementofthegovernmentwill,______,savetheproducingcostforthecompanies,which……扩大投资Enlargethescale合理利用资源Optimize/maximizetheresourceminimizethecost1) SomepeoplebelievethattheEarthisbeingharmed(damaged)byhumanactivity.OthersfeelthathumanactivitymakestheEarthabetterplacetolive.Whatisyouropinion?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Somepeoplethinkthathumanneedsforfarmland,housing,andindustryaremoreimportantthansavinglandforendangeredanimals.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththispointofview?1.Ecologicalbalance(damaged,extinction,forest,birds,unique,limitednumber,valuable,meaningful)2.Researchvalue.(Medicalvalue,beneficial,gaininsightintotheworld.)3.Harmoniousenvironment(keepabalancebetween…and…)Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Azoohasnousefulpurpose.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestoexplainyouranswer动物园没有实用的目的，同意与否？

Insomecountries,peoplearenolongerallowedtosmokeinmanypublicplacesandofficebuildings.Doyouthinkthisisagoodruleorabadrule?有些国家禁止人们在公众场合和办公楼内抽烟。其他练习Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Teachersshouldbepaidatleastasmuchasdoctors,lawyersorbusinessleadersarepaid.2009.1.18Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Itisimportantforfamiliestoregularlyeattheirmealstogether.Theinfluenceofclassmatesismoreimportantthanthatfromtheparentsonthechildren.永远不要放弃意味着坚持不懈，朝着目标不要停止努力。生活中一度的痛苦终将成为将来的财富。

假设问题你会改变你家乡的什么以吸引和你同龄的人？如果你是一个雇主，你愿意雇佣哪种类型的员工？低薪无经验的还是有高薪经验的？

如果你能回到过去的某一时间和地点，你愿意回到何时何地？假定你在准备一次旅行。计划离家一年。除了衣服和个人用具外，你可以带一件其他的东西，你带什么？如何写拓展句方法论总结一写好处---分类法则1人群分类2组成部分3画面4例子5对比、反面二原因背景分析Industrymovingsavinglandforendangeredanimal?Conclusion重申Inthissense,……建议suggestion经典推荐新概念3L124144问题解决类/报告类expositionYoungdrugabuse.Whatarethecauses?Whatarethesolutions?Similarly,juveniledelinquency.OutlineCauses个人individual家庭family学校school社会society政府governmentSolutions个人individual家庭family学校school社会society政府government问题类议论文---雅思四六级1background/statement----例子开头2causes3solutions4conclusionC&S------个人individualC:Immature,curiousandnaïve/canneitherresistthetemptationaroundnormakeasoundjudgmentS:Stayawayfromtemptation/donotstepinbarsandnightclubs/focusontheirsoletask家庭familyC:Parentsburythemselvesincareer/onlycareaboutacademicperformancewhileignorechildren’smentalissues.S:Caremoreaboutchildren/spendmoretimewiththemtocommunicateeverythingconcerninggrowth学校schoolC:Examination-oriented/providelittleinformationontheharmofdrug/neglectmoralinstruction.S:Leadtheadolescentintherightway/fullyinformtheharmbroughtbydrug社会societyC:Mediamisleadyoungadultsbyfrequentlycoveringdrug-relatedscandalsofsomestars/theyoungmayconsideritcoolandimitatethebehavior.SupervisionS:Leadtheadolescentintherightway/fullyinformtheharmbroughtbydrug.政府governmentC:Looseregulationondrug,includingplanting,transportationanddealing/makedrugeasilyavailableinblackmarket.S:Tightsupervisionondrug/fightagainstdrugrigidly/severepenaltyonthecrimesofdrug经典报告类新概念3课文47看图类议论文----考研范例说明文description

四六级雅思现状图linechart----变化，趋势柱状图barchart—比较饼状图piechart—比例表格题table—性征ⅠⅡⅢⅣABCD说明文写作流程1Introduction2body(各个图侧重点不同)3conclusion1Introduction图片介绍内容，直入主题,改变题干，不抄写a.根据图片…..AccordingtothepictureAscanbeseenfromthecartoon

Asshowninthefigure…..b.图片显示……Thepicture/cartoon/figure/Illustration/chart/graphsuggests….显示：Shows/reveals/suggests/illustrates/demonstrates/indicates/depicts/describes/exemplifies/displays时态注意当句子主语是图表中的信息时，时态由信息所对应的时间来确定；如果没有具体时间，默认一般现在时。Introduction:ThetwochartsasfollowsshowstheelectricitydemandofwinterandsummerinEnglandanditsusageinEnglishhomerespectively.Aswecanseethefirstone….Asforthesecondone…..

Introduction:Thecurvechartasfollowsdemonstratestheworld’swateruseandthetablebelowdisplaystheconsumptionofwaterinBrazilandCongoin2000.上升：increase/rise/jumpto/goup/climbup/ascend/soar/surge/rocketup/expand/ascendto…说明文body线状图横轴为纲找点体现变化趋势下降：

fall/decline/godown/decrease/drop/

climbdown/shrink/descend/

taperoff/plummet/slump/plungeto…波动：fluctuate/vibrate//rebound

顶点：summit/peak/top/thehighestpoint低谷：bottom/thelowestpoint俗/nadir转机/逆转：turnthecorner/reversethetrend平稳：stable/steady/constant/maintained保持：keep/remain/leveloff回升回落：pickup/gain/lostthemomentum动力加速：accelerate/speedup之后，然后：Then/later/afterthat/followedbyafterwards/sincethen/lateron/程度副词，用来修饰以上变化动词：剧烈类：greatly/enormously/sharply/steeply/suddenly/alarmingly/amazingly/massively/rapidly/dramatically/considerably/significantly/incredibly/substantially缓慢类：gradually/gently/steadily/slightly/slowlymarginally/inamoderateway/bytheleastamount/moderatelyWinter:at0o’clock,thedemandisnearly35000units/thenincreaseto/reach40000unitsat3o’clock/afterthat,declinesteadilytothebottom,with30000unitsonly,atabout8o’clock/sincethen,keeprisingatdifferentratestothepeak,whichisapproximately45000unitsat22o’clock/later,fallto35000unitsat0o’clockSummer:beginwith17000unitsat0o’clock/decreaseslowlyto13000unitsat9o’clock/reboundtothetop,withover20000unitsat14o’clock/duringtherestoftheday,keepfluctuatingbetween16000and20000unitsFrom1900to2000,theuseforagricultureroseobviouslyfrom500km3(in19000tonearly3000km3(in2000)/theindustrialuseanddomesticuse,whichbothconsumedverylittlewater,remainedalmostthesamefrom1900to1950/afterthat/theywentupslowly,reaching1000and300km3respectivelyin2000.说明文Body柱状图

以何为纲？一般以横轴每个单位为纲，体现各个对象的不同比较类词汇和句型All/justthesamecompare…with…Contrast…withBesuperiorto/inferiortoTodwarf…使渺小，远多于TotoweroverTotranscend多于饼状图Body从大到小，体现比例

2006.1—2008.311次百分比词汇和句型..intheratio/percentage/percentofaboutonetotwentytakeup/makeup/contribute/occupy/represent/accountfor….大约：about/around/approximately/nearlyEqually/evenlydivided/distributed…takesupthemost/…takesthelion’sshareUsage:heatingroomsandheatingwatertakeupmostofthepower,with52.5%/therestismostlyequallydividedby…,withtheproportion17.5%,15%and15%respectively.表格题table关键在于找到表达表达的症结和问题所在，隐含信息是什么？Table:thetablepresentsthehugedifferencebetweenthetwocountries/asforthepopulation,Congo’spopulationwas5.2millionin2000,whichwasafragmentofBrazil’s176million/theirrigatedlandandwaterconsumptionperpersonsharedthe

samefeature/Brazilhad26500km2andaveragelyeachoneconsumed359m3whileCongoonlyhad100km2andconsumed8m3Tobeginwith,ittakestheeggs,whicharelaidbymoth,10daystobecomesilkwormlarva/itfeedsonmulberryleaf,and4-6weekslater,thelarvaproducesacocoonwithsilkthreadarounditself/afterafurther3-8days,thelarvadisappears/within16daysthemothcomesoutofcocoonandlifecyclestartsagain.Thereareseveralstepsintheproductionofsilkcloth/thecocoonshouldbecarefullyselectedandputinwatertobeboiled/afterthat/thesilkthreadaroundthecocoonisunwound,whichisusually300-900meterslong/thenitistw