2023年研究生类硕士研究生学位课程-英语历年高频考题带答案难题附详解

2023年研究生类硕士研究生学位课程-英语历年高频考题带答案难题附详解（图片大小可自由调整）第1卷一.历年考点试题黑钻版(共50题)1.Thecentralgovernmenthasbeentryingto______rigorouscontroloverthesoaringpriceofproperty.A.exerciseB.interveneC.disposeD.fulfill2.Topic:Agreatnumberofpeoplethinkthatthosewithuniversityeducationshouldgethigherpaythanthosewithout,fortheybelievethattheformerhavesweatedandsacrificedmore.Towhatextentdoyouagreewiththispointofview?3.Desertificationistheaccumulatedresultofinappropriatelanduseandaharshclimate.Over-cultivationexhauststhesoil,overgrazingleavesbehindlittlevegetationthatprotectsitfromerosion,deforestationdestroysthetreesthatbindthesoiltothelandandunderdevelopedirrigationsystemsturncroplandssalty.Thesemi-drylandsborderingdesertexistinadelicateecologicalbalanceandarelimitedintheirpotentialtoadjusttoincreasedenvironmentalpressures.Thecausesaremultipleandinteractinacomplexmanner.Lackingalternativesurvivalstrategies,farmerstendtoover-exploitnaturalresources.Soilnutrientsandorganicmatterbegintodiminishonceintensiveagricultureconsumesquantitiesofnutrientsgreaterthanthesoil'snaturalregenerationcapacities.4.Hefailedtocompletelyachievetheaim______bytheteacheratthebeginningoftheterm.A.broughtforthB.setforthC.comeupD.putforward5.Becauseofthepenetratingrain,furtheroutdoorexercisewasnowoutofthequestion.A.accessibleB.impossibleC.consecutiveD.awkward6.TheWTOisthesuccessortotheGeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade(GATT)established______theSecondWorldWar.A.inaccordancewithB.inthewakeofC.inadvanceofD.inconflictwith7.Astheelevatoris______,youhavetowalkupstairstomyoffice.A.outofstockB.outoforderC.outofmindD.outofplace8.Withthepaceofchangequickening,moreandmorescientistsfindithardtokeepupwiththelatestdevelopmentsevenintheirown______.A.disciplinesB.institutesC.perspectiveD.horizon9.WhenhewasinCongress,JosephMartin,Jr.,ofMassachusettswasnotedforkeepingintouchwithhisconstituents.A.cooperatingB.connivingC.celebratingD.communicating10.AlthoughtheBushadministrationhaspledgeditscommitmenttohaveIraqisruntheirgovernmentontheirown,peaceandorderwillbelongincoming.Ononehand,Saddamremainsunaccountedfor.Ontheotherhand,surgingviolence,casesofbloodshed,suicidebombingsandpeople'stakingtostreetstoprotesthavepledgedtheU.S.inanembarrassingsituation.Recently,PresidentBushhasmadesomeremarksthatappearintendedtoaddresscriticismfromtheDemocraticpresidentialcandidatesthattopdecision-makersfailedtoanticipatethemountingdifficultieslyingahead.It'shopedthattheUNcangetactivelyinvolvedinthereconstructionofthiswar-tomcountryandplayamorepositiveroleinfindingapeacefulsolutiontoproblemsconfrontingIraqis.11.Somecancersare______tobecuredifdetectedintheearlystageandtreatedwithoutdelay.A.possibleB.easyC.worthD.likely12.Anetworkofminiaturetoxindetectorshasbeen______in30Americancitiesforthesakeofbio-security.A.deployedB.committedC.indulgedD.immersed13.Mostvisitorscouldn'thelpadmiringthismuseumforitsnoveltyandsplendor.A.freshnessB.fictionC.imaginationD.fascination14.Anursingdegreedoesn'tdeliverhighmonetaryreturns,atleastnotinthefirstfivetotenyears.A.conveyB.anticipateC.consumeD.produce15.It'sinyourbest______toquitsmoking,foryouhavesomebreathingproblems.A.sakeB.benefitC.advantageD.interest16.WiththepopularuseoftheInternet,fewpeoplekeepintouchwithothersviahand-writtenletters.A.inplaceofB.bymeansofC.atthecostofD.onaccountof17.PresidentTrump'srelianceonfamilymemberscompromisedhisabilitytoruntheWhiteHouse.A.immersedB.enhancedC.weakenedD.manifested18.Dozensofpeoplewereinvolvedinascandalaimedatgettingthechildrenofsomecelebritiesintoeliteuniversities.A.distinguishedB.alienC.obscureD.comprehensive19.Thishighschooliswell-located,wherethe______ofteacherstostudentsisexcellent.A.ratioB.proportionC.percentageD.rate20.SectionA

Directions:PutthefollowingparagraphintoChinese.

Itwasnottheoriginalityoftheideathatmadethesesatirespopular.Itwasthemannerofexpression,thesatiricmethod,thatmadetheminterestingandentertaining.Satiresarereadbecausetheyareaestheticallysatisfyingworksofart,notbecausetheyaremorallywholesomeorethicallyinstructive.Theyarestimulatingandrefreshingbecausewithcommonsensebrisknesstheybrushawayillusionsandsecondhandopinions.Withspontaneousirreverence,satirerearrangesperspectives,scramblesfamiliarobjectsintoincongruousjuxtapositionandspeaksinapersonalidiominsteadofabstractplatitude.

Satireexistsbecausethereisneedforit.Ithaslivedbecausereadersappreciatearefreshingstimulus,anirreverentreminderthattheyliveinaworldofplatitudinousthinking,cheapmoralizing,andfoolishphilosophy.21.Akid'sdesirablehabitcanbereinforcedbyparents'encouragementandpraise.A.consolidatedB.relaxedC.weakenedD.evaded22.Handbagsmadeof______leatherareconsideredold-fashionedandpoorinquality.A.systematicB.syntheticC.sympatheticD.statistic23.Self-esteemistheabilitytobe______ofone'sownabilities,talent,worthandvalue.A.ensuredB.insuredC.assuredD.treasured24.Themanagerisseekingsomecost-effectivemethodsthatcancallforththeirinitiative.A.efficientB.conventionalC.economicalD.unique25.Today,therearenearlyasmanyeducationalopportunitiesinthe______industryastherearehotels.A.accessibilityB.accountabilityC.hospitalityD.affordability26.Thispeer-reviewedjournalhasaspecificemphasisoneffectivetreatmentofacutepain.A.urgentB.severeC.sternD.sensitive27.Impressedbythewomen'sdesiretolearn,SachsandBrownhelpedthemhammeroutabusinessplan.A.hangoutB.setoutC.figureoutD.workout28.Givingthechildproblemshecannotsolvewillonlyfrustratehim.A.baffleB.worryC.alarmD.cultivate29.Thisprofessorwaseagerto______whathasgreaterimpactonparentingpractices.A.makeoutB.lookoutC.turnoutD.findout30.Inthetropicrainforestthereisawiderangeofspeciespeculiartothisarea.A.specificB.oddC.distinctD.familiar31.Afterthemarathonrace,someathletesaretoofatiguedtoanswerthereporter'squestions.A.wipedoutB.figuredoutC.laidoutD.wornout32.Automakersshouldnever______thequalityofproductsamidfiercecompetition.A.bringintoplayB.makesenseofC.losesightofD.endupwith33.Thisisalovethatsprangupfromfriendshipandblossomedintomarriage.A.divergedB.separatedC.distinguishedD.originated34.Theadvantageofthelatestmodelwillmanifestitselfinimprovedefficiencyandprotectionofeye-sight.A.investB.concentrateC.plungeD.exhibit35.TheU.S.athletestoppedthegoldmedaltotallyforthe3rdstraighttimethissummer.A.directB.proceedingC.verticalD.successive36.Noonewouldhavetimetoreadorlistentoanaccountofeverything______goingonintheworld.A.itisB.thereisC.asisD.whatis37.Japan,afterspectacularpost-wareconomicgrowth,becametheworld'ssecond-biggesteconomy.A.superficialB.amazingC.virtualD.genuine38.中国一些农村地区容易遭灾，使农民收入很难逐年增加。个人对于自然灾害可能无计可施，但政府要认真对待灾难的预测，以便把灾难造成的损失减少到最低程度。亲自到农村看看是了解社会现实的好机会。虽然长远规划不一定产生预计的效果，但至少能提醒人们经济要向哪个方向发展。39.Whenyouwin,yourerrorsare______;whenyoulose,yourerrorsaremagnified.A.expandedB.obscuredC.cultivatedD.exaggerated40.Mr.Carsonthoughthewasentitledtomoreassistancefromthegovernment.A.hadreceivedB.hadarighttoC.wouldD.mightapplyfor41.Despitethesuspect's______tobeinnocent,thereiscompellingevidencethathewasinvolved.A.convictionB.assertionC.accusationD.speculation42.Directions:PutthefollowingparagraphintoChinese.

ThemainimpressiongrowingoutoftwelveyearsonthefacultyofamedicalschoolisthattheNo.1healthproblemintheU.S.today,evenmorethanAIDSorcancer,isthatAmericansdon'tknowhowtodistinguishbetweenhealthandillness.Wefeartheworst,expecttheworst,thusinvitetheworstandtheresultisthatwearebecominganationofweaklingsandhypochondriacs,aself-medicatingsocietyincapableofdistinguishingbetweencasual,everydaysymptomsandthosethatrequireprofessionalattention.43.Directions:PutthefollowingparagraphintoChinese.

ThemainimpressiongrowingoutoftwelveyearsonthefacultyofamedicalschoolisthattheNo.1healthproblemintheU.S.today,evenmorethanAIDSorcancer,isthatAmericansdon'tknowhowtodistinguishbetweenhealthandillness.Wefeartheworst,expecttheworst,thusinvitetheworstandtheresultisthatwearebecominganationofweaklingsandhypochondriacs,aself-medicatingsocietyincapableofdistinguishingbetweencasual,everydaysymptomsandthosethatrequireprofessionalattention.44.Thereissomereasonfornotgivingupmycareerand______adifferentone.A.takinginB.bringingaboutC.arisingfromD.embarkingon45.Directions:PutthefollowingparagraphintoChinese.WriteyourChineseversionintheproperspaceonAnswerSheetⅡ.

Quittingsmokingismoreofamatterofwillpowerthanofindividualchoice,forsmokingiswidelyrecognizedasaddictive.Althoughcounselingandmedicationcanincreasetheoddsthatasmokerquitspermanently,thebestwaytoavoiddilemmasisnevertotakeupsmokingtobeginwith.

TheirreversibleeffectsofcigarettesmokingvaryinintensityandarerelatedbothtotheamountanddurationofexposureandtheageatwhichthepersonisinitiallyexposeD.Thisreportchallengesthenotionthatafewyearsofexposuretosmokingwillhavenolastingharmfulconsequences.Wehopetodiscouragethisprevalentbutvitalhabitandsuggestthattobacco-relatedhealtheffectsdeclinesubstantiallyastimeawayfromsmokingincrease.46.Directions:PutthefollowingparagraphintoChinese.

Thisisallverywell,butithasseriousimplicationsfordatasecurityandpersonalprivacybecausecomputersareinherentlyinsecure.TherecentactivitiesofhackersanddatathievesintheUnitedStates,Germany,andBritainhaveshownhowall-too-easyitstillistobreakintoeventhemost-sophisticatedfinancialandmilitarysystems.Thelistofscaresperpetratedbythenewbreedofhi-techcriminals,rangingfromfraudinairline-ticketreservationstothereprogrammingofthechipsinsidemobilephones,isgrowingdaily.47.Expertsareworkinghardtoseekbetterandsaferwaystodisposeofnuclearwaste.A.complywithB.collidewithC.dealwithD.identifywith48.PeopleinsomepoorAfricancountrieshaveno______tocleanwaterorotherbasicsanitaryfacilities.A.accessB.barrierC.approachD.exposure49."Thereisaweirdpowerinaspokenword,"JosephConradoncesaid.A.mightyB.prospectiveC.oddD.formidable50.Thepresenceofelements______irongreatlyaffectsthephysicalpropertiesofsteel.A.butforB.otherthanC.ratherthanD.upto第1卷参考答案一.历年考点试题黑钻版1.参考答案：A[解析]该句意为：中央政府一直在努力严格控制房价的上涨。

本题考查动词与名词的组合。exercise：健身，锻炼，演习，实施；intervene：干涉，干预，介入；dispose：处理；fulfill：满足，实现，履行，完成(计划)。2.参考答案：Manypeoplebelievethatthosewhoreceivedhighereducationshouldearn,farmorethanthosewhohavenot，becausetheformerhaveexertedmoreeffortsthanthelatter．PersonallyIdonotagreewiththisopinion，forthefollowingreasons：

Inthefirstplace，one'sindividualincomedoesnotwhollyreflecttheextenttowhichone'sself-valueandsocialvaluearerealized．Apersonwhohasreceivedhighereducationmayoffermoresocialvaluethanonewhohasnot．Economistsandmerchantsmayserveasintheeconomicsphere．Nevertheless，theformermightcreatemoreeconomicreturnsforsociety，whilethelattermightbringhimselfmoreeconomicprofits．Althoughtheeconomistmaynotbeaswealthyasthemerchant，hisworkismoremeaningfultothesocietyhelivesin．

Inthesecondplace，somepeoplewhohasadmirablecapabilitieshavenothadtheopportunitytoreceivehighereducation．Then，afteryearsofexertionsandhardstruggle，theysecureaproperplaceforthemselvesinsocietyandrealizetheirownself-value．Suchpeoplehavereceivednocollegeeducation,however,theydeservedhaveearned.

Allinall,itisridiculoustorackone'sbrainsaboutwho,amanwithahighereducationoranotheronewithoutit,shouldearnmoremoneythantheother.One'searningscannotbesolelydeterminedbyhisorhereducationalbackground.Weshouldobservewhatkindofeffortapersonhasmadeanddecidehowwearetodefine"personalincome"beforefinallyjudgingwhoshouldearnmore.3.参考答案：沙漠化是由于土地使用方式不当和恶劣的气候条件累积而成的。过度种植耗尽了土壤的养分，过度放牧几乎使保护土壤免遭侵蚀的植被荡然无存，砍伐森林毁灭了起固土作用的树木，而落后的灌溉系统使农田变成盐碱地。沙漠周边的半干旱土地的生态平衡十分脆弱，而且对环境压力增加的适应力有限。沙漠化的原因多种多样、相互作用并十分复杂。由于缺少替代的生存手段，农民往往过度利用自然资源。一旦精工细作的农业消耗的营养物数量超出土壤自身的再生能力时，土壤的营养物和有机物就开始减少。4.参考答案：Bsetforththeaim“提出(设立)目标”，bringforth和putforward也是“提出”，但不能与aim搭配使用，我们可以说：bringforthevidence,putforwardatheory(idea,plan,suggestion)。comeup“出现，被提出”，用作不及物动词。5.参考答案：B[解析]该句意为：由于下大雨，已无法继续在室外活动了。

outofthequestion：不可能的；accessible：可享受或利用的；consecutive：连续的；awkward：笨拙的，不灵活的。6.参考答案：B[解析]A项inaccordancewith“与……一致，依照”；B项inthewakeof“尾随，紧跟，仿效”；C项inadvanceof“在……前面，超过”；D项inconflictwith“与……冲突”。句意：紧随着二战，WTO作为GATT组织的继承者被建立起来。B项符合题意。7.参考答案：Boutofstock：已售完，无存货；outoforder：坏了，有毛病；outofmind：疯了，神经不正常；outofplace：不合适。8.参考答案：Adiscipline“学科”。B项institutes“学院，学会”：C项perspective“观点，看法”；D项horizon“地平线”。9.参考答案：DD项communicate“保持联系，联系”，与划线词意义相近。A项cooperate“合作”；B项connive“默许，纵容”；C项celebrate“庆祝”。10.参考答案：尽管布什政府承诺让伊拉克人管理自己的政府，但和平和秩序还很遥远。一方面，萨达姆仍下落不明，另一方面，激增的暴力行为、流血事件、自杀性爆炸和人们走向街头抗议使美国陷入尴尬的境地。布什总统最近发表讲话，似乎是回应民主党候选人的批评意见。批评指出高层决策者未能预料到将来日益增多的困难。希望联合国积极参加这个饱经战乱的国家的重建工作，并在和平解决伊拉克面临的问题当中发挥更积极的作用。11.参考答案：D[解析]该句意为：如果能早期发现并迅速治疗，某些癌症是可能治愈的。

本题重点考查某些形容词与不定式的连用，是经常出现的考题。从语法上讲，somebody/somethingispossible(easy)todo是正确的，但不定式中的动词必须是主动形式，是及物的，而且不能自带宾语，而worth不能接不定式。likely的用法有别于possible或easy之类的形容词，somebody/somethingislikelytobedone是正确的。12.参考答案：Adeploy：部署；commit：犯(罪或错误)，派兵，becommittedto：致力于，对……承诺或有义务；beindulgedin：沉迷于；beimmersedin：浸泡在，专心于(相当于beabsorbedin)13.参考答案：A[解析]该句意为：这个博物馆不仅设计新颖，而且壮观华丽，大多数参观者禁不住表示赞叹。

novelty：新颖，新奇；freshness：新鲜；fiction：小说；imagination：想象力；fascination：魅力，迷人。14.参考答案：D[解析]该句意为：护理学位不会产生很高的经济回报，至少在前5～10年里。

deliver：送货，发货，发表(讲话)，产生，生产；convey：运输，传送，表达；anticipate：预料；consume：消耗，消费；produce：生产，产生，出示，产品。15.参考答案：D[解析]四个选项中，A项sake词组，forthesakeof“为了……好处，为……着想”，例如：dosth．Forthesakeofone'sfamily“为家庭做某水”；B项benefit词组，forthebenefitof“为了……的好处”；C项advantage词组，tothebestadvantage“效果最佳地”；D项inthebestinterest“最佳”，例如：Itisinyourbestinteresttocooperate．Shekeptherowninterestsinmind．合作对你最有利。她心存私欲。译文：你最好戒烟，因为你呼吸系统有病。16.参考答案：Bvia：通过，借助于；inplaceof：取代；bymeansof：通过，借助于；atthecostof：以……为代价；onaccountof：由于。17.参考答案：C[解析]该句意为：特朗普总统依赖家庭成员的做法有损于他管理白宫的能力。

compromise：让步，妥协，削弱，使……面临危险或争议；immerse：浸泡，专心于……；enhance：增强，加强；weaken：削弱；manifest：表现，展现，显示，明显的。18.参考答案：A[解析]该句意为：这场丑闻旨在使一些名人的孩子进入名校，几十个人卷入了该丑闻。

elite：上流的，精英的，名流；distinguished：著名的；alien：外来的，外星球的，非本地的；obscure：模糊的，默默无闻的，暗淡的；comprehensive：综合的。19.参考答案：A[解析]该句意为：这所中学地理位置不错，教师与学生的比例也十分合理。

本题重点考查某些表示“比例”的英语词汇用法。ratio表示“两者之比”，使用介词to，如theratioofboystogirls。portion的含义是“部分”，如alargeportionofthesestudents或myportionofthemoney。percentage的意思是“百分比”，而rate表示“率”或“速度”，如thedeathrate。20.参考答案：讽刺文学之所以受欢迎并不是因为其观点的独特性，而是因为它的表达方式和讽刺的手段使之显得有趣。阅读讽刺文学不是因为其思想的健康或是有教育意义，而是因为它们是美学角度上一件令人满意的艺术作品。它们很刺激，也令人耳目一新，因为它们以一种常识的敏锐扫除了一切幻想和道听途说的观点。它们天生蔑视一切，要重整人们的视角，搅乱熟悉的事物使之不和谐，而且这些都是通过个性化的习语而非抽象的陈词滥调来表达的。

讽刺文学的存在是因为有对它的需求。它之所以延续下来是因为它给读者带来耳目一新的刺激，毫不留情地提醒着它们生存的世界是一个充满陈腐思想、廉价道德和愚蠢哲学的地方，而这些恰恰赢来读者的欣赏。21.参考答案：A[解析]该句意为：父母的鼓励和表扬能巩固和加强孩子的良好习惯。

reinforce：增强，加固，加强；consolidate：加固；relax：放松，缓解；Weaken：削弱；evade：躲避，逃避。22.参考答案：B23.参考答案：Censure：保证，确保；insure：保险；assure：使……相信(of...)；treasure：珍视，珍惜。24.参考答案：C[解析]划线词cost-effectiveadj.“有成本效益的，划算的”；四个选项中A项efficientadj．(直接)“生效的”；B项conventionaladj“惯例的，传统的”；C项economicaladj.“节约的，经济的”；D项uniqueadj.“唯一的，独特的”。译文：经理正在寻求廉价的方法带动他们的积极性。25.参考答案：Caccessibility：有机会享受或利用；accountability：负责任；hospitality：好客，服务接待；affordability：支付得起，支付能力。26.参考答案：Bacute：急性的，剧烈的，迫切的，敏锐的；urgent：迫切的，紧急的；severe：严重的，严峻的；stern：严酷的，严肃的；sensitive：敏感的27.参考答案：D[解析]划线词hammerout“苦心想出，推敲出”。A项hangout“挂出”；B项setout“出发，开始”；C项figureout“合计为，解决”；D项workout“设计出，做出，计算出”。所以，D项应为正确答案。28.参考答案：A划线词frustrate“挫败，阻挠”。A项baffle“困惑，阻碍”；B项worry“烦恼，担忧”；C项alarm“恐吓，警告”；D项cultivate“培养，耕作”。根据题意，应选A项。29.参考答案：D[解析]该句意为：这位教授急于了解哪些因素对于管教子女的方式影响更大。

makeout：艰难地看清楚；lookout：当心，嘹望，提防；turnout：生产，培养，后来发现是……；findout：查明，弄清楚，了解(经常接疑问词引导的从句，几乎不接名词，与find的区别不是“过程”与“结果”)。30.参考答案：Apeculiar：特殊的，与众不同的，peculiarto：特有的；specific：明确的，特有的；odd：奇怪的，临时的，odds：可能性；distinct：鲜明的，明确的，明显的；familiar：熟悉的31.参考答案：D[解析]该句意为：马拉松比赛结束后，有些运动员筋疲力尽，无法回答记者的问题了。fatigued：疲劳的，筋疲力尽的；wipeout：消灭；figureout：琢磨出来，猜出来；layout：摆放，布局；wearout：穿坏，使……疲劳。32.参考答案：C[解析]bringintoplay：发挥，调动；makesenseof：理解；losesightof：忽视；endupwith：结果是33.参考答案：Dspringup：涌现，大量出现；diverge：逐渐分离，有分歧；separate：分开，分离；distinguish：区分，使……出名；originate：起源34.参考答案：D35.参考答案：D[解析]划线词straightadj.“直的，正直的；连续的”。例如：sickforfivestraightdays“连续病了四天”；四个选项中A项directadj.“直接的”；B项proceedingn.“进程”；C项verticaladj．“垂直的”；D项successiveadj．“连续的；继承的”。译文：今年夏天，美国运动员取得的金牌总数第三次名列第一。36.参考答案：B这里thereis…句子作everything的定语从句。37.参考答案：B[解析]spectacular：壮观的，精彩的，惊人的；superficial：表面上的；amazing：惊人的；virtual：虚拟的；genuine：真挚的，真正的38.参考答案：SomeoftheruralareasinChinaarepronetodisasters,makingitdifficultforfarmerstoincreasetheirincome(s)eachyear/yearbyyear.Individualscandonothingaboutnaturalcalamities,butgovernmentsateachlevelaretotakedisasterpredictionsseriouslyinordertominimize/reduceasmuchaspossible/reduce...totheminimumdisaster-causedlosses.Toseethecountrysidef