大学英语三课件

Unit1ChangesintheWayWeLive1

Pre-readingTask

CulturalBackground

DiscussionontheText

StructureoftheText

LanguageStudy(TextA)

Follow-upActivities

LanguageStudy(TextB)

WritingSkills2Pre-readingTaskWhatisthesongabout?

Thesongisabouttakingabreakfromcitylife,escapingfromthecrowd.Howisthesongrelatedtothethemeofthisunit?

Thesingerneedsabreakbecausethepaceoflifehasquickened,theenvironmenthasbeenchanged,andtheoldlifestyleisgone.3

Citylifevs.CountrylifeAdvantages

Disadvantages

4Citylife:Advantages:

Disadvantages

HigherlivingstandardConvenienttransportationHealthcareBettereducationMorejobopportunitiesentertainmentOverpopulationAirpollutionNoiseHeavytrafficHighcrimerateFiercecompetitionandstressIndifferenceininterpersonalrelationship5CountrylifeAdvantages

Disadvantages*Freshair*Healthyfood*Self-sufficiency*Peacefullife*Moreleisuretime*Lesspressure*Closerpersonalrelationship*

Remote&backward*Underdeveloped*Inconvenienceinlife*

Notwell-informedoftheoutsideworld*Hardmanuallabor*Lowincome6SomemorequestionstoconsiderWhydosomanymigrantworkers(民工)movefromthecountrytothecity?2.Whydocitypeoplebuyapartmentsorhousesinthesuburbsorcountryside?

Peoplechangetheirplacesoflivingbecausetheylookforthingsthattheirpreviouslifeisunabletoprovide.73.Whyaretouristswillingtopaytospendadayinafarmer’shouse?

Manypeopleassociatethecountrysidewithpeaceandrelaxation.8IntroductionInAmericamanypeoplehavearomanticideaoflifeinthecountryside.Manylivingintownsdreamofstartinguptheirownfarm,oflivingoff

theland.Fewgetroundtoputtingtheirdreamsintopractice.Thisisperhapsjustaswell,asthelifeofafarmerisfarfromeasy,asJimDohertydiscoveredwhenhesetouttocombinebeingawriterwithrunningafarm.Nevertheless,asheexplains,hehasnoregretsandremainsenthusiasticabouthisdecisiontochangehiswayoflife.Startup:开办Liveoff:dependforliving以…为生Getroundto(doingsth):花时间,顾得上做…Setout(todo):begintodosth开始做…Beenthusiasticabout对…热情9CulturalBackground

1.Thecountryside:

ThecountrysideofBritainiswellknownforitsbeautyandmanycontrasts:itsbaremountainsandmoorland,itslakes,riversandwoods,anditslong,oftenwildcoastline. Manyofthemostbeautifulareasarenationalparksandareprotectedfromdevelopment.10

Americahasmanyareasofwildandbeautifulscenery,andtherearemanyareas,especiallyintheWeststateslikeMontanaandWyoming,wherefewpeoplelive.Onlyabout20%ofAmericansliveoutsidecitiesandtowns.Lifemaybedifficultforpeoplewholiveinthecountry.Manypeopleassociatethecountrysidewithpeaceandrelaxation.112.FahrenheitandCelsiusScales:InFahrenheitscale,thefreezingpointis32Fandboilingpointis212F.(F-32)×5/9=CInCelsiusscale,thefreezingpointis0Candtheboilingpointis100C. F=C×9/5+323.IndividualRetirementAccount(IRA):AUSgovernmentplanthatallowspeopletoputpartoftheirincomeintospecialbankaccounts.Notaxhastobepaidonthismoneyuntiltheyretire.

124.IvyLeague

Eightlong-establishedcollegesanduniversitiesintheUnitedStateswithprestigiousacademicandsocialreputations.

1)BrownUniversityinProvidence,RhodeIsland;2)ColumbiaUniversityinNewYorkCity; 3)CornellUniversityinIthaca,NewYork;4)DartmouthCollegeinHanover,NewHampshire;5)HarvardUniversityinCambridge,Massachusetts;6)UniversityofPennsylvaniainPhiladelphia; 7)PrincetonUniversityinPrinceton,NewJersey; 8)YaleUniversityinNewHaven,Connecticut1314TrueorFalsequestionsFF()Thewriterisafamouswriterwhoislivinginthecountryside.2.Inthewriter'sopinion,theirlifeinthecountrysideisself-reliantbecausetheycangrowallkindsoffruitsandgopicnickinginthesummer.3.Thewriterissatisfiedwiththelifeinthecountrysideonlybecausetheirhenscanlayeggsforthemandtheirbeescanprovidethemwithhoney.()()F154.Thewriterandhisfamilyliveinthecountrysidebecausetheyweredissatisfiedwiththelifeinthecityandsuburbs.5.Thewriterusesthefollowingwordsorphrasestotellreadersthatheissatisfiedwiththelifeinthecountryside:canoe,picnic,bicyclerides,deer,hawks,fruitsandhoney.GR-Part1-2F()T()16Interview

Supposeoneofyourclassmatesisthewriterofthisunitandyouandanotherclassmatearethecollegestudentsinthenearcity.Whenyoulearnthatthewriterhasmovedtothecountrysidefromthecity,youareveryinterestedinitandaskforaninterviewwithhim.Thefollowingtipsmaygiveyousomehelpintheinterview.

173.Besideswhatyoumentionedjustnow,whatdoyouandyourwifeusuallydo?

(freelancearticles;householdroutine;garden;beehives;bread;musiclessons;flowerbeds;wood;eggs;oldsaying)4.Weweretoldthatthefirstwinterhasleftadeepimpressiononyou.Couldyoupleasesaysomethingaboutthat?

(snow;storm;wood;apples)5.Whatdidyoudowhenspringcame?

(twofloods;growingseason;waveofproduce;freezer;cupboards;basement;barn)Thewordsinthebracketsarethehintsaboutthequestions.Howlonghaveyoubeenheresinceyouleftyourcity?

(3years)2.Justnowyoumentionedthatthecountrylifeisself-reliantandsatisfying.Butcanyoutellussomethingaboutthetoughsideofthecountrylife?

(firewood;corn;strawberries;chickens;outdoortoilet)18StructureoftheTextPartI(Paras1-3) Thewriterviewshislifeinthecountryasa__________and________one.PartII(Paras4-7) Lifeinthecountryis_____butyetsometimesvery_____.self-reliantsatisfyinggoodhard19StructureoftheTextPartIII(Paras8-11) After_____________,thewriter’sincomewas_______,butheandhisfamilycanmanagetogetby.PartIV(Paras12-15) Atolerancefor_______andalotof______havemadeitpossibleforthefamilytoenjoytheirlifeinthecounty.quittinghisjobreducedsolitudeenergy20ReadingGuidance

1.Mainideaofthetextandit’smaincontents:Thetext,throughdescriptionoftheauthor’sfamilylifeinthecountry,tellsustoleranceforsolitudeandenergymadeitpossibleforthewriter’sfamilytoenjoytheirpleasantbutsometimesharshcountrylife.2.Paragraphstudy:

Para1.Briefintroductiontotheauthorandhisfamily’slifeinthecountry(includinghisdream,hispresentsituationandtheircontentment).

Para2.Topicsentence:It’saself-reliantsortoflife.Thefollowingdetailsentencesrunparalleltoeachother(We…,Ourhens…,Ourbees…).21

Para3.

Topicsentence(It’sasatisfyinglifetoo.)

+severaldetailsentences(wecanoe…,weski…,weget…,welove….wewatchfor….)

Para4.

Topicsentence:Butthegoodlifecangetprettytough.Detailedsentences:Threemonthsago…threemonthsfromnow…Recently,…Laterthismonth,…Usingtimewordsorphrasesisoneofthecommontransitionaldevicesbetweendetailedsentences.22

Para5.

Topicsentence:Thereis…norestforthewicked…notmuchforthevirtuouseither.Supportingsentence1.:Imanageto…Supportingsentence2.:Sandypursues…+moredetailsentencestosupport“Sandypursues…”Herewecanthedetailsentencescanhavetheirownhierarchy(等级体系)

Para6.

Warmandlovingeveryminuteincoldwinter.

Para7.

Topicsentence:SpringbroughttwofloodsFirsttheriveroverflowed(supportingsentence)Thenthegrowingseasonbegan+moredetails(supportingsentences)23

Para8.

Adecision:Quittingmyjobandstartingtofreelanceataterribletiming.

Para9.Thingshavegonemuchbetterthanwehadanyrighttoexceptbecauseofmydiligentwork.

Para10.Beinggoodatmanagingmoneymatters,wecangetbywithmyreducedincome.

Para11.Leadingathrifty(节俭的)andsimplelife:makingupthedifferenceinincomebycuttingbackwithoutappreciablyloweringourstandardofliving

24Paras12-13.Topicsentence:“Isuspectnoteveryone…Ittakesacoupleofspecialqualities.”+twosub-topicsentences(分主题句)Oneisatoleranceforsolitude(+moresupportingdetails)Theotherrequirementisenergyalotofit(+moresupportingdetails)Para14.

We’llleavesomedaywithafeelingofsorrow.Butalsowithasenseofprideatouraccomplishment.Para15.

Werealizedourdreamheretoimprovethequalityofourlives.25

3.Practicewithtopicsentences.

ThecharacteristicsofEnglishtopicsentence:Aneffectivetopicsentenceshouldincludetwoelementstopic+opinion.Or.whattosay+howtosay,etc.Topic:indicatesthecontentofaparagraph,playingaroleinlimitingtherangeofthetheme.Opinion:reflectsanauthor’sviewpoint,impressionorattitudetowardthetheme,fillingtheroleofdefiningthekeynote(基调)ofaparagraph.26

roleinlimitingtherangeofthetheme.Opinion:reflectsanauthor’sviewpoint,impressionorattitudetowardthetheme,fillingtheroleofdefiningthekeynote(基调)ofaparagraph.Forexample:

Owningacaroftenpresentsmanyproblems.

TopicOpinion

Thistopicsentenceclearlytellsreadersthattheveryparagraphwilldealwith“manyproblems”causedby“owningacar”.Inotherwords,atopicsentencestatesatopicandacontrollingideaconcerningthattopic.Lookatthefollowingexample.27

Peoplegivemanyreasonsforowningacar.controllingideatopicObviously,allthesupportingideasintheparagraphshouldbe“reasonsforowningacar.”Anotherexample:Peoplecanavoidcatchingacoldbytakingcertainprecautions.Thistopicsentenceincludesthetopic“catchingcolds”andthecontrollingideaoropinion“takingprecautions”.28

1.getby:

begoodenoughbutnoteverygood;managetoliveordothingsinasatisfactoryway过得去getby(onsth)(靠某物)勉强维生；设法维持；对付Itisalittlebitdifficultfortheoldcoupletogetbyonsuchasmallpension.我父母亲靠很少的一些钱凑合着过下去。Myparentsmanagedtogetbyonasmallamountofmoney.29getby(Line3):begoodenoughbutnotverygood;managetoliveordothingsgetacross:beunderstoodgetawaywith:runawaywithoutbeingpunishedgetroundto:finallydosth.afterdealingwithothermattersgetthrough:comesuccessfullytotheendgetover:forget;overcome30He___________goingbackhomeincountrysideforashortrest.We’vestoredenoughfoodandfuelto___________thecoldwinter.Itisabithardfortheoldcoupleto______onasmallamountofpension.Thetellerhadbeenstealingmoneyfromthebankand________________it.Shecan’t_________hershyness.Didyourspeech___________tothestudents.

gotroundtogetthrough

getbygotawaywithgetovergetacross312.frustration:n.(stateof)beingfrustrated灰心；沮丧；不满；失意；受挫Thefrustrationofourdesignmadeusunhappy.我们计划的失败使我们感到难过。Everyjobhasitsfrustrations.每种工作都有令人不称心的地方。frustrate:v.1)prevent(sb)fromdoingorachievingsth

阻止/妨碍某人做成某事Thebadweatherfrustratedourhopesofgoingout.2)upsetofdiscourage(sb)使沮丧，灰心Marywasfrustratedbythelackofappreciationshownofherwork.323.contentmentn.stateofbeingcontentwithasmileofcontentment带着心满意足的微笑content:1)n.thatwhichiscontainedinsth

内容Atthefrontofthebookisatableofcontents,givingdetailsofwhatisinthebook.2)adj.satisfiedwithwhatonehas;notwantingmore;happy知足；满足；满意(be~withsth;be~todosth)Areyoucontentwithyourpresentsalary?Heiscontenttoremainwhereheisnow.他安于现状。334.andwecutenoughwoodtojustaboutmakeitthroughtheheatingseason.makeit=succeedThemeaningofthispartis“Withthewoodtheycut,theirfamilycansucceedingettingthroughthecoldwinter.”He’sneverreallymadeitasanactor.他当演员从未有所成就。345.supplement:

1）vt.addtosth.inordertoimproveitPetersupplementshisordinaryincomebywritingbooks.医生建议在我的饮食中补充维生素E和A.ThedoctorsuggestedsupplementingmydietwithvitaminsEandA.2）n.anadditionalamountofsth.Shehasbeenillandmusthavesupplementtoherordinaryfood.356.spray:

v.forceoutliquidinsmalldropsupon(followedbywith)喷洒I’llhavetospraytheroseswithinsecticidetogetridofthegreenfly.Acarwentpastandsprayedmewithwater.

汽车开过，溅了我一身水。367.pursue:

vt1）bebusywith;continue(steadily)with（继续）从事或忙于…；进行Heispursuinghisstudiesattheuniversity.AftergraduationMartinchosetopursuethesamecareerashisfatherasadoctor.2）followesp.inordertocatch,killordefeat追赶，追逐Thepolicearepursuinganescapedprisoner.*pursuit:n.追捕某人/物；追求某事物（inpursuitofsth）ShedevotedherlifetothepursuitofpleasureThirtymenwereinpursuitofasinglefox.Peoplearetravelingaboutthecountryinpursuitofwork.378.oversee:

vt.watchoverandcontrol(sb/sth);supervise监督，监视Youmustemploysomeonetooverseetheproject.CF:oversee&overlookoverlook:

vt.1)have/giveaviewof(aplace)fromabove俯瞰，俯视Weoverlookthechurchfromourhouse.2)failtoseeornotice(sth);ignore忽视；未注意到Heoverlookedaspellingerroronthefirstpage.Sheoverlookedhisrudenessandtriedtopretendnothinghadhappened.389.stack:

1)v.makeintoapile堆起，摞起~sth(up);~sth(withsth)Pleasestackyourchairbeforeyouleave.Thewholegardenwasstackedwithbricks.2)n.pileorheap

stackofsth:largenumberorquantityastackofnewspapersastackofhay3910.wickedThereis,astheoldsayinggoes,norestforthewickedonaplacelikethisandnotmuchforthevirtuouseither.(idm.)There’snorestforthewicked.:Wrongdoershave(andmustexpect)alifefulloffear,worry,etc.恶人永无宁日。

wicked:Whenusedofpeople,wickedisverystrong,andratherold-fashioned.Evilisamorecommonword.Anoisy,disobedientchildwouldnotbecalledwickedorevil,butnaughty.4011.onbalance:withallthingsconsidered总的来说Onbalance,it’sprobablynotadvisabletochangethecompany’sname.我想，总的来说我更喜欢新的体制。

Ithink,onbalance,Ipreferthenewsystem.balance的反义词是imbalance。此外，与balance有关的其他搭配有：keepone’sbalance保持平衡loseone’sbalance失去平衡strikeabalance力求折中inthebalance不确定，成败或安危未定4112.illustrate:

vt.providewithvisualfeatures;clarifybyuseofexamples,etc.Letmeuseanotherexampletoillustratethisdifficultpoint.Thisillustrateddbookhasmanypreciousblack-and-whitephotographsinit.42Confusablewords

illustrate:

emphasizes“toexplainsth.withexamplesorwithphotosandpictures”.explain

:

means“togivethereasonsorrevealsomepuzzlesofsth.”

eg:Heisexplaininghowamachineoperates.interpret:means“toexplainthemeaningofsth.withimaginationorsomespecialknowledge”.

eg:Howdoyouinterpretthispoem?4313.generate:

v.bringintoexistence,produce

Currentcanalwaysgenerateheat.Thisprogramwouldgeneratealotofnewjobs.这个项目将会创造出许多新的就业机会.generationn.产生,发生,一代人

thebeatgeneration垮掉的一代

generativeadj.生产的,有生产力的

generatorn.产生者,发电机4414.Whenitcomesto…

相当于

whenspeakingof…,其中to为介词。Punishmentisespeciallynecessarywhenitcomestohiscase.Whenitcomestoeducation,theoverwhelmingmajorityofpeoplebelievethateducationisalifetimestudy.

当我们提到教育时,绝大多数人认为教育是终生学习.4515.Pickup(1)Gain,get(2)Collect,gathertogether(3)Bereadytopay(4)Collect(5)Takeholdofandliftup(6)improvePleasepickupallyourtoyswhenyou’vefinishedplaying.Ifhelosesthecase,Michaelwillhavetopickupthebillforlegalcosts.WheredidyoupickupyourexcellentEnglish?Shepickedupastoneandthrewitatthewindow.Maryhasbeenill,butshe’spickingupnow.I’llpickyouupatyourhotel.4616.Insurance:

n.保险

Doesyourinsurancecoverdamagebyflooding?aninsuranceagainsttheft,fire,etc盗窃保险，火险household,personal,etcinsurance家庭、人身保险*CF:insure,assure&ensureinsuresb/sth(againststh))

投保

I～myhouseagainstfire.assuresbthat…;assuresb/oneself(ofsth):向（某人）保证

Nothingcanassurepermanenthappiness.

ensurethat….;ensuresb

sth:

确保，保证

measurestoensuresafty4717.fee:

服务费，酬金paythelawyer’sfee/abillforschool’sfee/airportfeeIfyouwanttojoin,there’sanentrancefeeof$20andanannualmembershipfeeof$10.CF:fee&farefee是指付给律师、医生、私人教师，或其他脑力劳动者的报酬，以及交纳公共团体、学校、图书馆、俱乐部的费用。fare指乘坐车、船的费用WhatisthefaretoShanghai?Taxifaresarereckonedbydistanceorbytime.4818.Minor:

adj.lesserorsmallerinamountorimportance,etc.

Don’tworry.Itisonlyaminoroperation.minorin（兼修）vs.majorin（主修）Hemajorsincomputerscience,butheisalsointerestedinShakespeare’splays,soheminorsinliterature.他主修专业是计算机科学，但他对莎士比亚的戏剧很感兴趣,所以他辅修了文学专业。

49以-or

结尾的形容词常用的有superior,inferior,senior,junior,major,minor,prior.1.此类形容词没有比较级形式,因为他们本身的意义就表示比较的含义。2.当它们用来表示两者间的比较时，搭配介词to，而不是than使用。3.major和minor一般不用于表示两者间的比较，而是常于名词搭配使用。4.senior,junior和minor与人名搭配时，表示名字相同的父子或兄弟,译为大××或小××。

eg.TheirworkissuperiortooursPriortotheaction,weshouldhaveaplan.ThisletterisnotforJohn,butJohnMinor.5019.cutback:

reduceinsizeoramountcutbacksth;cutbackonsthThegovernmenthascutbackondefensespending.我们反对任何削减教育预算的计划。Weopposeanyplanstocutback(on)educationbudget.5120.Suspect:v.believetobetrue,likelyorprobable;feeldoubt

~~sb./sth.of(doing)sth.~~that…eg.Allofhisneighbors~~himofmurdering.n.apersonwhoissuspectedofacrime

eg.Therealcriminalmustbeamongthesefive~~s.suspiciousadj.feelingdoubtful;causingdoubt持怀疑态度的；可疑的be~~aboutsb./sth.

eg.Weare~~thatmanbecausehisbehavioris~~.suspicionn.doubtarouseone’s~~52

doubtv.Idoubtthatheisastudent.(我觉得他不是个学生。）

Isuspectthatheisastudent.(我觉得他是个学生。）在否定句中，don’tdoubtthat…表示确信某事，而don’tsuspectthat…表示未想过某事。

Idon’tdoubtthatheisathief.(我确信他是个贼。)

Idon’tsuspectthathewillstealmymoney.(我没想到他会偷我的钱。)5321.budget:n.aplanofhowtoarrangeprivateorpublicincomeorspendingAtlast,thegovernment’seffortstobalancethebudgetendedinfailure.最后，政府使预算平衡的努力以失败告终。

Collocation:drawupabudget制定预算

submitabudget提交一项预算报告

balanceabudget平衡预算

exceedabudget超出预算

cut/reduceabudget减少预算

afederal/household/municipal/nationalbudget联邦/家庭收支/市政/国家预算5422.temptation:

n.诱惑Thekidscan’tresistthetemptationofMcDonald’s.Hecan’tresistthetemptationtostealthejewel.Collocation:overcometemptation不受诱惑

resisttemptation抵制诱惑

beexposedtotemptation受到诱惑

facetemptation面临诱惑

succumbtotemptation诱惑屈服

place/puttemptationinsb’sway让某人受诱惑55E.B.White

LeadingAmericanessayistandliterarystylistofhistime.Whitewasknownforhiscrisp,graceful,relaxedstyle.From1929WhiteworkedforTheNewYorker'sweeklymagazine,remaininginitsstafffortherestofhiscareer.White'sfavoritesubjectswerethecomplexitiesofmodernsociety,failuresoftechnologicalprogress,thepleasuresofurbanandrurallife,war,andinternationalism.Whitealsopublishedchildren'sbooks:StuartLittle(1945);

Charlotte’sWeb(1952);TheTrumpetoftheSwan(1970).GoBACK56GarlicBroccoliAsparagusGreenonionsCelerymarrow

PeppersCauliflowerEnglishtermsforfruits&vegetables

57mangoGrapefruitKiwifruitLychee

strawberriesgooseberriesraspberriesblackberries

58

Common

EnglishOnomatopoeiaCicadasCocksDogsFliesPigsSnakesCattlesBuzzHissGruntLowBarkChirpcrow

59UsefulExpressions1)过得去getby2)寻觅心灵的满足findcontentment3)自力更生的生活aself-reliantlife4)艰苦的生活atoughlife5)日常的家务householdroutine6)正如老话说的那样astheoldsayinggoes7)温馨快乐每一分钟love/enjoyeveryminuteofsth.8)过冬getthroughthewinter9)常青藤联合会学校IvyLeagueschools10)带着…的祝福withsb’sblessings6011)总的来说onbalance12)担任全职工作beemployedfulltime13)贷款按揭mortgagepayments14)至于….Whenitcomesto……15)除…以外apartfrom…16)外出吃饭dineout17)生活水准/水平standardofliving/livingstandard18)弥补收入差额makeupthedifferenceinincome19)听歌剧看芭蕾演出attendtheoperaandballet20)耐得住寂寞atoleranceforsolitude6121)自给自足self-sufficiency22)抵制诱惑resistthetemptationtodosth23)怆然离去leavewithafeeli