2023年考博英语历年高频考题带答案难题附详解

2023年考博英语历年高频考题带答案难题附详解（图片大小可自由调整）第1卷一.历年考点试题黑钻版(共50题)1.Ifyouwanttobuythishouse,thepaymentmaybemadeinfive______.A.installmentsB.piecesC.sharesD.parts2.1triedveryhardtopersuadehertojoinourstudygroupbutImetwithflat______.A.declineB.rejectionC.refusalD.refutation3.Thecampsarenotusuallytent-tupecamps.

Theyaremostlylong-established______structures,oftenwithstrangeIndiannames.A.permanentB.monotonousC.rawD.historical4.Laura,whocomesfromawealthyfamily,spendsmostofhertimeenjoyingherself,buttakes______painswithherlessons.A.littleB.fewC.alittleD.afew5.Theactorshaveto______beforetheyappearinfrontofthestronglightsontelevision.A.coverupB.makeupC.paintupD.doup6.SCISSORS:TAILORA.brush:painterB.computer:writerC.wagon:farmerD.saw:carpenter7.Americansfinditdifficulttothinkaboutoldageuntiltheyarcpropelledintothemidstofitbytheirownagingandthatofrelativesandfriends.Agingistheneglectedstepchildofthehumanlifecycle.Thoughwehavebeguntoexaminethesociallytaboosubjectsofdyinganddeath,wehaveleapedoverthatlongperiodoftimeprecedingdeathknownasoldage.Intruth,itiseasiertomanage

theproblemofdeaththantheproblemoflivingasanoldperson.Deathisadramatic,one-timecrisiswhileoldageisaday-by-dayandyea?-by-yearconfrontationwithpowerfulexternalandinternal

forces,abittersweetcomingtotermswithone'sownpersonalityandone'slife.(1)

Webaseourfeelingsonprimitivefears,prejudiceandstereotypesratherthanonknowledgeandinsight.Inreality，thewayoneexperiencesoldageiscontingentuponcircumstancesoflate-lifeevents

(inwhatordertheyoccur,howtheyoccur,whentheyoccur)andthesocialsupportsonereceives:adequatefinances,shelter,medicalcare，socialroles,religioussupport,recreation.(2)Allofthesearecrucialandinterconnectedelementswhichtogetherdeterminethequalityoflatelife.

Oldageisneitherinherentlymiserablenorinherentlysublime—likeeverystageoflifeithasproblems,joys,fearsandpotentials.Theprocessofagingandeventualdeathmustultimatelybeaccepted

asthenaturalprogressionofthelifecycle,theoldcompletingtheirprescribedlifespansandmakingwayfortheyoung.(3)Muchthatisuniqueinoldageinfactderivesfromtherealityofaging

andtheimminenceofdeath.Theoldmustclarifyandfinduseforwhattheyhaveattainedinalifetimeoflearningandadapting;theymustconservestrengthandresourceswherenecessaryandadjust

creativelytothosechangesandlossesthatoccuraspartoftheagingexperience.(4)Theelderlyhavethepotentialforqualitiesofhumanreflectionandobservationwhichcanonlycomefromhavinglivedanentirelifespan.Thereisalifetimeaccumulationofpersonalityandexperiencewhichis

availabletobeusedandenjoyed.(5)8.The______ofgiftedchildrenintoacceleratedclasseswillstartnextweekaccordingtotheiracademicperformance.A.segregationB.specificationC.spectrumD.subscription9.Manycriticsconsiderthatfarmorestressisplacedonachievementsinathleticsthanintheacademicsphere.We'retoldthatit's______tocompelboyswithnoathleticbenttospendhoursofmiseryontheplayground,when,iflefttothemselves,theywouldoccupytheirtimefarmoreusefullyinsomeprofitablehobby.A.tyrannicalB.bossyC.beastlyD.inhumane10.Unlessastronomers______theirsearchforextraterrestriallifetostarsasexceptionalastheSun,theyarewastingmuchoftheirtime.A.narrowdownB.boildownC.tonedownD.letdown11.Keysshouldneverbehiddenaroundthehousesincethieves______knowwheretolook.A.invariablyB.virtuallyC.variouslyD.unavoidably12.Thelastgueststoreachthehotel______at12o'clockatnight.A.checkedoutB.checkedupC.checkedinD.checkedon13.______eversohumble,there'snoplacelikehome.A.ItbeB.BeitC.ItwasD.Wasit14.OldMr.Brown'sconditionlooksveryseriousanditisdoubtfulifhewill______.A.pulloffB.pullupC.pullthroughD.pullout15.Publishersareusingablitzofadvertising,Websites,aswellastraditionalmethodsto______forelusiveteensmarket.A.angleB.allowC.budgetD.care16.DaMsHayesraisedtheessentialparadoxandaskedhowpeoplecouldhavefoughtsohardagainstenvironmentaldegradation______themselvesnowonthevergeoflosingthewar,A.onlyfoundB.findingonlyC.onlytofindD.haveonlyfound17.Thesoundoftheroaringofatigeris______heardbyjungledwellers______feelingsofunease,forayeardoesnotelapsewithoutvictimsfallingtothetiger'sferocity.A.always,withB.ever,withoutC.ever,withD.never,without18.Withallthechildren______athomeduringtheholidays,shehadagreatdealofworktodo.A.beB.wereC.beenD.being19.Theincreasingpopularityofthemotorcycleasaconvenience,economicalformoftransportationhasbeenjustshortofastounding.A.popularityB.convenienceC.formD.justshort20.But,intheUnitedStatesandinEurope,thereisagrowingdangerthat,astheattractivenessandimpactofbiologydevelops,aninadequateappreciationofphysicswilleffectivelyleadtoa______againstit.A.backwashB.backlashC.backgroundD.backing21.Thefamilylookedon______astheirhousebummeddown.A.complaininglyB.carefullyC.strangelyD.helplessly22.Averbaltranslationisnotalwaystheclosesttotheoriginalmeaning.A.literalB.accurateC.faithfulD.natural23.The______ofthewordisunknown,butitiscertainlynotfromGreek.A.originB.generationC.descentD.cause24.NorhasWashingtonyet______toMexicandemandsforatreatyspecifyingextraditionforU.S.officialswhodisregardthenewstricture.A.profanedB.contemplatedC.accededD.manipulated25.InGermany,incontrastwithFrance,friendshipismuchmoreclearlyamatteroffeeling.Adolescents,boysandgirls,fromdeeplysentimentalattachments,walkandtalktogether

notsomuchtopolishtheirwitsastosharetheirhopesandfearsanddreamstoformacommonfrontagainsttheworldofschoolandfamilyandtojoininakindofmutualdiscoveryofeachother'sandtheirowninnerlife.Withinthefamily,theclosestrelationshipoveralifetimeisbetweenbrothersandsisters.Outsidethefamily,menandwomenfindintheirclosestfriendsofthesamesexthedevotionofasister,

theloyaltyofabrother.Appropriately,inGermanyfriendsusuallyarebroughtintothefamily.Childrencalltheirfather'sandtheirmother'sfriends"uncle"and"aunt".BetweenFrenchfriends,whohavechoseneachotherforthesimilarityoftheirpointofview,livelydisagreementandsharpnessofargumentarethebreathoflife.ButforGermans,whosefriendshipsarebasedoncommonfeelings,deepdisagreementonanysubjectthatmatterstobothisregar-dedasatragedy.Liketiesofkinship,tiesoffriendshiparemeanttobeabsolutelybinding.

YoungGermanswhocometotheUnitedStateshavegreatdifficultyinestablishingsuchfriendshipswithAmericans.Weviewfriendshipmoretentatively,subjecttochangesinintensityaspeoplemove,changetheirjobs,marry,ordiscovernewinterests.26.Vacationpoliciescontinuetobeasourceof______betweenmanagementandtheworkers.A.disturbanceB.resistanceC.contractionD.friction27.Thetroubleisthatvariousworldlypressureswillmakeyoumore,notless,inclinedtoplayit______.A.safeB.safelyC.tosafetyD.insafety28.Theyoungmanwasdeeplyhurtbecausehisproposalwasrejectedand,toacertainextent,______atbythegroup'smembers.A.sneeredB.smiledC.simulatedD.stimulated29.Edison'sremarkthatgeniusis"onepercentinspirationandninety-ninepercentperspiration"demonstratesthatthe______workerisvaluable.A.inspiredB.assiduousC.perspiredD.eager30.Inordertosurvivenowand______inthefuture,alltheworkingstaffmustconstantlycreatenewideasforeveryaspectofyourbusiness.A.maximizeB.thriveC.measureD.remain31.Theargumentbetweenthetwoboysbecamesofiercethatfatherhadto______andtellthemtobehave.A.interpretB.interveneC.inheritD.impart32.Althoughcrowdedcitiesseemtobea______ofourcrowdedworld,only10percentoftheworld'speopleliveincitiesaslargeasMadridorlarger.A.sceneB.signalC.symbolD.site33.Businessmen(quitegenerally)lookupon(risingprices)as(asymptom)of(prosperities).A.quitegenerallyB.risingpricesC.asymptomD.prosperities34.ThePortuguesegiveagreatdealofcredittoonemanforhavingpromotedseatravel,thatman

princeHenrythenavigator,wholivedinthe15thcentury.A.wasB.wascalledC.callingD.being35.She______scarletfeverwhenshewasababyandlosthereyesight.A.distortedB.contractedC.subtractedD.distracted36.Iwouldliketosaythatatheoryisessentiallyanabstract,symbolicrepresentationofreality.A.whatitisconceivedB.thatisconceivedC.thatisbeingconceivedofD.whatisconceivedof37.IadmitIhavemadeamistake,______Idenytheseriousconsequenceitmayhave.A.soB.sowillC.norwillD.howcan38.IthinkKimwouldbegreatforthejob.Herworkrecordis______.A.impeccableB.enrichedC.rudimentaryD.tarnished39.Directions:Writeanessayofabout200wordsonthetopic:"ChinaisnotreadyforE-education"(E-education:atypeofeducationconductedintheenvironmentoftheInternetwiththeguidanceofmoderneducationaltheories).WriteyouressayonyourAnswerSheetII.40.Evenhypotheticalnewmedia(e.g.

advanced"virtualrealities"),conveyingadimensionallyrichersensorydisplayareunlikelytoprovefullysatisfactory,substitutesforface-to-faceinteraction.Electronicmediadecomposeholisticexperienceintoanalyticallydistinctsensorydimensionsandthentransmitthelatter.Atthereceivingend,peoplecanresynthesizetheresultingpartsintoacoherentexperience,butthenewwholeisinvariablydifferentand,insomefundamentalsense,lessthantheoriginal.

Second,thereisevidencethatscreen-basedtechnologies(suchasTVandcomputermonitors)arepronetoinducedemocraticallyunpromisingpsychopathologies,

rangingfromescapismtopassivity,obsession,confusingwatchingwithdoing,withdrawalfromotherformsofsocialengagement,ordistancingfrommoralconsequences.

Third,astrength—butalsoadrawback—toavirtualcommunityisthatanymembercanexitinstantly.Indeed,anentirevirtualcommunitycandeclineorperishinthewinkofaneye.41.Massproductionis______onlyinaneconomywithahighlydevelopedtechnology.A.feasibleB.permissibleC.allowableD.receivable42.Oursondoesn'tknowwhat______toattheuniversity;hecan'tmakeuphismindabouthisfuture.A.takeinB.takeupC.takeoverD.takeafter43.Ifthatiswhathesaid,hisreasoningmustbefallacious.A.faultyB.fascinatingC.fastidiousD.fantastic44.根据不少用人单位的反映，在招收大学毕业生时，他们更注重的是毕业生的素质而不是他们的专业知识。随着教育改革的深入和学科口径的拓宽，毕业生都掌握了比较坚实的专业知识。问题是一些毕业生在求职时不是考虑如何发挥他们的潜力，而是一味追求高工资高待遇。所以，高校当前一个紧迫的任务是培养学生的社会责任感。45.Inthismonumentalworktheentirestorehouseoftheworld'sartissurveyed.A.impressiveB.expressiveC.progressiveD.possessive46.Sorry,Ican'trepayyouthisweek.I'mcompletely______.A.brokenB.destroyedC.brokeD.dead47.Ifthesellerfailstoprovidegoodtitle,thecontractwillbecomenulland______.A.vacantB.voidC.brokeD.bubble48.Thelittlegirlisignorant______thebasicrulesofEnglishgrammar.A.forB.ofC.withD.against49.Themodernageisapermissiveoneinwhichthingscanbesaidexplicitly,buttheoldtraditonof______dieshard.A.talkativenessB.exaggerationC.condemnationD.euphemism50.Itis______whetherSamwillcometoattendhisbestfriend'sfuneralashehastakenthetown'smoneyandmadeoffwithit.A.unlikelyB.doubtfulC.improbableD.unexpected第1卷参考答案一.历年考点试题黑钻版1.参考答案：A[解析]A项installment意为“分期付款”；B项piece意为“块，篇”；C项share意为“部分”；D项part意为“部分，局部”。2.参考答案：C3.参考答案：Apermanent永久的；monotonous单调的，无变化的；law原始的，未开化的；historical历史的，历史学的。4.参考答案：A[解析]pains复数形式表示“辛苦，努力”，是不可数名词。takepains尽力，耐心；takelittlepains不努力。本题空格处是说在功课上不努力。因此A项为正确答案。5.参考答案：B[解析]B项“makeup化妆”符合题意。其他三项“A项coverup掩盖；C项paintup油漆；D项doup收拾整齐”都不正确。本题空格处是说演员们得化妆。因此B项为正确答案。6.参考答案：D7.参考答案：(1)死亡是富有戏剧性的、一次性危机，而老年则是一天天、一年年地与强大的内外力量抗争。一种苦乐掺半的逐渐适应自己老年时的个性和生活的过程。

(2)事实上，一个人如何经历老年因下列因素而异：身体健康状况、性格、早年经历、晚年事变的具体情形(这些事变发生之先后、情况及具体时间)及他得到的社会支持，如是否有足够的金钱、住处、医疗、社会任务、宗教支持、文化娱乐等。

(3)衰老的过程及最后的死广必须从根本上被看作是生命周期的自然进程，老人结束他们各自的寿数，是为了给年轻人让出空间。

(4)老人必须弄清自己毕生所学的东西并加以利用，他们必须在必要时，保持精力和物力，并创造性地使自己适应于衰老过程中必定会经历的变化与损失。

(5)年才老时还可以使用和回味在一生中积累形成的品格与经验。8.参考答案：A[解析]A选项：segregation的意思是分开，分离，与句意相符。其他三项中，B选项：specification详述，规范；C选项：spectrum光谱，频谱；D选项：subscription捐献，订阅，同意，都不正确。本句空格处意为将有天分的儿童分到提高班，因此A选项为正确答案。9.参考答案：B[解析]形容词词义辨析。tyrannical“残暴的，专横的”；bossy“擅自做主的，对别人意见不睬的，跋扈的”；beastly“残忍的”；inhumane“残忍的，不人道的”。这里填入的形容词用来修饰tocompel，只有bossy符合要求，其他选项语气过重。故答案为B。10.参考答案：A11.参考答案：A句意：不应该把钥匙藏在房产周围，因为贼总是知道在哪能找到它们。invariably总是，不变地。virtually事实上，实际上。variously不同地。unavoidably不可避免地。12.参考答案：Ccheekout付帐离开，检查。checkup调查，核对。checkin登记，报到。checkon检查。13.参考答案：B[解析]本题考查的是倒装语句，因此B项为正确答案。14.参考答案：C[解析]pullthrough熬得过去，恢复健康。pulloff(将车)停靠，(成功地)实现，实行；pullup停下(车)；pullout驶离(车站等)。15.参考答案：A16.参考答案：C[解析]本句意为“人民可能一直艰苦地为反对环境恶化而斗争，结果却发现他们即将输掉这场战争”。onlytofind不定式作结果状语，因此正确答案为C。17.参考答案：D[解析]本题考查的是双重否定，表肯定。因此应选D项。18.参考答案：D[解析]withallthechildrenbeingathome为介词with的独立结构，表示原因，being也可省略。19.参考答案：B[解析]将convenience改为形容词形式convenient，与后面的economical一同修饰form。20.参考答案：B[解析]此题从句子的意义上选择了[B]。21.参考答案：D22.参考答案：Averbaltranslation逐字翻译，literal字面的，accurate准确的，faithful忠实的，natural自然的23.参考答案：A[解析]选项中的词都有“来源”之意。origin“起源，来源”，往往与过去的活动、风俗、事件等有关；generation“产生，发生”，通常经过生产、操作等过程。descent“遗传，派生，世系”等；cause“原因”，一般指某事件、后果等的起因。word的起源应该用origin，故答案为A。24.参考答案：C[解析]本题中，C项“acceded(to)同意”符合题意，如：Weaccededtohisrequest．(我们同意他的请求。)其他三项“A项profaned亵渎；B项contemplated沉思；D项manipulated操作”都不正确。因此C项为正确答案。25.参考答案：[参考译文]

与法国截然不同，在德国，友谊更明确地说是个感情问题。少男少女之间建立起深厚的感情，他们一起散步，一起聊天。这一切不是为了提高自己的智慧，而是相互分享彼此的愿望、忧患和梦想，共同对付学校和家庭组成的世界，发现彼此的内心世界。家庭之内，一个人一生最亲密的关系是兄弟姐妹之间的关系。家庭之外，同性挚友之间像姐妹一样亲密，像兄弟一样真诚。大致说来，在德国，朋友经常被带到家里。孩子们称呼父母的朋友为叔叔和阿姨。观点相投而成为朋友的法国人之间，鲜明的分歧和激烈的争论是这种关系所不可少的。但是德国人的友谊是建立在共同感情的基础之上的。对他们来说，如果在双方都认为重要的问题上产生了尖锐的分歧，那就是极大的不幸。朋友关系与亲缘关系一样具有绝对的约束力。来到美国的年轻的德国人，很难与美国人建立起这样的友谊关系。我们不把友谊看得那样一成不变，友谊的深浅随着人们的搬迁、调换工作、婚嫁或兴趣的改变而变化。26.参考答案：D[解析]本题考查名词词义辨析。A项“干扰，骚乱，忧虑”；B项“阻力，电阻，抵抗，反抗，抵抗力”；C项“收缩，紧缩，缩写式，害病”；D项“摩擦”。句意为：休闲度假政策仍然是管理层和工人之间摩擦的根源。分析各选项可知答案为D。27.参考答案：A[解析]playitsafe是固定搭配，意思是“稳重行事”。本题是说问题是各种各样世俗的压力使你倾向于稳重行事，而不是相反。因此A选项为正确答案。28.参考答案：Asneerat嗤笑，讥笑；simulate模仿，模拟；stimulate刺激，激励。29.参考答案：B(assiduous刻苦的，勤奋的)。句意为：爱迪生说：“天才意味着百分之一的灵感和百分之九十九的汗水。”这说明勤奋十分宝贵。A．inspired直觉的；C．perspired流汗的；D．eager渴望的。30.参考答案：B[解析]本题空格处是说未来的兴旺。B项“thrive兴旺”符合题意。如：Hethatwillthrive,mustriseatfive.([谚]五更起床，百事兴旺。)其他三项“maximize最大化；measure测量，权衡；remain保持，剩余”都不正确。31.参考答案：Bintervene干涉，介入；interpret解释，表演；口译；inherit继承；impart给予；传授，告诉。句意：两个孩子的争论太激烈了以至于父亲不得不干涉，叫他们老实点。32.参考答案：Csymbol象征，符号。scene场景。signal信号。site地点，场所。33.参考答案：B34.参考答案：D[解析]本题考查的是同位语独立结构。后半句是独立结构，是oneman的同位语。A、B用了谓语动词形式，应排除；C项应为被动形式。因此正确答案为D。35.参考答案：B句意：儿童时期她感染了猩红热，导致失明。contract感染。distort使扭曲。subtract减去。distract使分心。36.参考答案：D37.参考答案：C[解析]admit和deny互为反义词，admit=notdeny。同样refuse和accept也互为反义词，refuse=notaccept。38.参考答案：A[解析]本题考查形容词词义辨析。A项“无瑕疵的，没有缺点的”；B项“浓缩的，强化的”；C项“基本的，初步的，退化的，残遗的，未发展的”；D项“生锈，使晦暗，生污”。句意为：我认为基姆能够完美胜任这份工作，因为她的工作业绩是无可挑剔的。因此答案为A。39.参考答案：ChinaIsnotReadyforE-education

HerecomesanissuethatwhetherChinaisreadyfore-education,whichisconductintheenvironmentoftheinternet.Somepeopleorresearchersbelievethatsincethereformandopening-upofChinain1978,theeconomicalenvironmentandthequalityofhumanresourceshasimprovedalot,andwhenenterintothe21stcentury,whichalsobeenknownastheinformationera,thequalityofoureducatorandtheeconomiccapabilityofourcountryhavebeengettingmoreandmorebetter,soitisjustthetimetodevelopthee-education.

Foronething,wecannotdefythatthedevelopmentofoureconomyhasbecomebetterthanthebeginningofthereformandopening-upperiodofChina.Butthedevelopmentofoureconomyisveryunbalance,whichmeansthatthereexistgreatregionaldisparitiesineconomicprosperityanditsdurablecapabilities.ThereisnoproblemofbearingthissumofexpensesintheeastofChinawheretheeconomicsituationisgood.ButthesituationintheinteriorofChinaisjustcontrary,seriousquestionssuchaslackoffundandlowqualityofthehumanwouldleadtothefailureofthiseducationalpattern.

Foranotherthing,theinternetenvironmentandtheinternetregulationsystemisdefective.Alongwiththeflourishoftheinformationtechnology,computergames,violencecontentsandnetworkcrimesallcompaniedwithit.E-education,whichmay