2023年自考类英语自考英语写作历年高频考题带答案难题附详解

2023年自考类英语自考英语写作历年高频考题带答案难题附详解（图片大小可自由调整）第1卷一.历年考点试题黑钻版(共25题)1.BenefitsofFace-to-FaceCommunication

Face-to-facecommunicationisthefirstbasiccommunicationmethod.Intheeraofinformationtechnology,peoplearenowfacedwithamyriadofcommunicationoptions.Beitletters,emails,ortelephoneconversations,noneismoreeffectivethanface-to-faceinteraction,becauseithelpsthespeakertoconveyacompletemessage,obtainimmediatefeedback,andbuildtrustingrelationship.

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Inaddition,face-to-facecommunicationprovidesimmediatefeedback.Ifthemessageisambiguous,thespeakercanclarifyitrightaway.Thelistenercanraisequestionsifhefeelsconfused.Hence,thespeakercandetectandpreventpossiblemisunderstandingsorconfusionamongthelisteners.Sinceallthepeopleinvolvedintheinteractiveprocesscaneasilyseeeachother,theirapproval,interest,ordisregardcaneasilybededucedanddealtwith.RenownedCEOs,likeBillGates,attachmuchimportancetoface-to-facecommunicationandhighlyappreciatethetimelyresponsesofthestaffatbusinessmeetings.

Lastly,face-to-facecommunicationenhancestherelationshipbetweenpeople.It'sdifficulttobuildrapportonlyoveremailsorthroughphonecalls.Itseemsthatpeopletendtodependlessandlessonface-to-facetalkstoexpresstheirgratitudeandappreciation,butthisformofcontactisextremelyimportantforestablishingtrustingrelationship.Asanofficeworker,whatwouldyoufeelwhenyourcolleaguescomeuptoyourdeskandcongratulateyouonthegreatreportyousentorthepresentationyoumaderecently?Ifateamleadercallshisteammemberstotheofficejusttosay"thanks"andpattheirbacks,theteamwillbesuretotakealikingtohimimmediately.

Eveninthemodernworldfullofelectroniccommunicationdevices,face-to-facecommunicationremainsthemostpowerfulhumaninteraction.Withoutface-to-facecommunication,informationrecipientshavetointerpretanincompletemessage,becausemuchoftheinformationgainedincommunicationisderivedfromnon-verbalcues.Theyhavenochancetoquestionthespeakerorclarifytheinformation.Moreover,theyareunlikelytofeelwarmthfromorbuildtrustonthemessagedeliverer.Therefore,face-to-faceinteractioncannotbereplacedbyotherformsofcommunication.2.Thefollowingpassageisincompletewithoneparagraphmissing.Studythepassagecarefullyandwritethemissingparagraphinabout100words.Makesurethatyourtoneanddictionareinunitywiththepassageprovided.

TheBenefitsofRegularExercise

Inrecentyears,manypeoplehavebecomeincreasinglyawareoftheneedforphysicalfitness.Almosteverywherepeopleturn,whethertoanewsstallortelevision,adviceforimprovinghealthbombardsthem.Althoughmuchofthisadviceisforcommercialpurposes,someofit,especiallythatadvocatingaregularexerciseprogram,deservesseriousattention.Suchaprogram,ifconsistingofexerciseatleastthirtyminutesthreetimesaweek,providesnumerousbenefits.Regularexercisereleasestension,improvesappearance,andincreasesstamina(耐力).

Thefirstofthesebenefits,thereleaseoftension,isimmediate.Tensionbuildsinthebodybecauseofstress,anxiety,orfear.Doctorsagreethatparticipatinginanactivesportsuchastennisorvolleyballforthirtyminuteseasestension.Ifapersonswims,jogsorridesabicycleforhalfthattime,hewouldsleepbetteratnightandhaveabettermoodthenextday.Inaddition,afterthereliefoftension,minorirritationsandfrustrationsshouldbelesstroubling.Forexample,ifoneisupsetbytheday'sworkorbyatrafficjam,hemayrushhome,arguewiththefamily,andeatexcessively.Takingaboutthirtyminutestoreleasefrustrationsthroughphysicalexercisecouldhelphimtoavoidthisbehavior.Plannedphysicalexercise,therefore,caneliminateoratleastcontroltension.

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Inadditiontoanimprovedappearance,increasedphysicalstrengthproducesstamina.Astronger,healthierbodyisobviouslymorecapableofworkingharderand,infact,ofwithstandingnormalfatigue.Aworkerwhoexercisesshouldbeabletocompleteaforty-hourweekandstillretainenoughenergyforshoppingandhousework.Similarly,astudentwhogoestoschool,keepshouseandperhapsworksparttimeshouldaccomplishtasksmoreefficiently.Equallyimportant,thisstaminahelpstokeepoffillnessessuchascoldsandinfluenza.Altogether,improvedenduranceisoneofthemostimportantbenefitsofaregularexerciseprogram.

Althougheasysolutionstoweight-losingandbody-shapingfloodthemedia,actuallyacquiringthesebenefitsisnoteasy.Therewards,however,arefullyworththeeffort.Anestablishedexerciseprogrammakesapersonfeelrelaxed,lookgood,andhaveadequatestrengthforstrenuousaswellasroutineactivities.3.Thefollowingpassageisincompletewiththeconcludingparagraphmissing.Studythepas-sagecarefullyandwritethemissingparagraphofabout100words.Makesurethatthetoneandvocabularyyouuseareinunitywiththepassageprovided.

Mt.St.Helens

Mt.St.HelensisavolcanointhestateofWashingtoninthewesternUnitedStates.InMay,1980,iteruptedwiththeforceofanuclearbomb.Accordingtoscientists,therehadbeennovolcaniceruptiontoequalthisoneinthelast4,000years.WhenMt.St.Helensexploded,itreleasedenergythatwasgreaterthanthebombthatdestroyedHiroshima,Japan.Theforcewasstrongenoughtosend100milliontonsofdustintotheatmosphere.Aforcethatstronghadtremendouseffectsontheareaaroundthevolcano.

Thevisibleeffectswereawesome.Oncetherehadbeengreenmeadowsandthickforests;aftertheeruption,therewasblackvolcanicrockandash.Fromtheair,thousandsofacresoftreeslookedlikescatteredmatchsticks.Wheretherehadoncebeenclearstreamsandlakes,therewereonlybubblingpoolsofmud.Oncethemountainhadstoodtall,afterwards,mostofitstopandallofitsnorthsideweremissing.Theforceoftheeruptionreducedthemountainfromthefifthtallestinthestatetothethirtiethtallest.

Theeconomiceffectsontheareawerestaggering.TheU.S.ForestServiceestimatedthat$200millionworthoftimberwasdestroyed.Thiswasenoughtimbertobuild200,000homes.Businessesandhomessimplydisappearedundertonsofrock,ash,andmud.TheportofPortland,sixtymilestothesouth,wascloggedwithmudandash.Cargoshipsfromallovertheworldsuddenlysathelpless.Economistsestimatedthecommercialandpersonaldamagesisthebillionsofdollars.

Finally,theeffectsonhumanlifeweretragic.Thirty-fourbodieswererecoveredintheweeksfollowingtheeruption;twenty-sevenmorepeoplesimplydisappeared.Someofthesixty-onewerephotographersandscientistswhoweretheretorecordthestirringofthemountain.Theythoughtthattherewouldbeawarningbeforethefinaleruption;therewasnone.Othervictimswerecampersandworkerswhoweredeceivedbytheapparentcalmofthemountainthatbright,sunnyspringmorning.One—acrusty,oldmanwhoownedalittlere-sortfivemilesfromthemountain—hadrefusedtoleave.Hesaidthathewaspartofthemountainandthemountainwaspartofhim.Hiswordsturnedouttobetrue;hisbodywasneverfound.4.Bill

AhillhasbeenintroducedintheUnitedStatesCongresswhich,ifpassed,wouldreducetheminimumwageforworkingteenagersundertheageof18.Theminimumwagewouldbedecreasedasmallamountforeachyearunder18untiltheageof15.Afewteenagersreactnegativelytowardsthebill,buttheyareprobablytheluckyoneswhohaveajob.Althoughthesepeoplewouldhavetotakeacutinpay,thebillhasmanyadvantagesandshouldbepassed.

Firstofall,theideaofareducedminimumwagewouldallowforthehiringofmoreteenagers.Unemploymentishighforteensunder18,especiallyinminoritygroups.Ifthebillbecamealaw,twoteenagerswouldbehiredforthepriceofone.Eventhoughsomepeoplesaythatabusinessmighthireteenagersinplaceofolderpeople,thisishighlyunlikely.Mostteensonlyworkpart-timeandthereforewouldnotinterferewithhiringintheolderworkforce.

Puttingmoreteenagersintheworkforcewouldbebeneficialbecausethewagesthattheymakewouldhelptheirparentsoutfinancially.Theseteenagerswouldhavetheirownspendingmoneyfordates,forgas,andforclothes.Also,puttingmoreteenagersonthejobcouldpossiblyreducethecrimerateamongthem.Withsomemoneyintheirpockets,teenagerswouldnotneedtoshopliftortocommitrobbery.

Someteensthinktheproposedwageswouldbesolow.Itwouldnotbeworththeirworking.However,areducedwagedoesnotmeanthatemployersarefreetopayunreasonablylowwages.Asitis,manysmallbusinessespaybelowminimumwagenow,andtheyhavenotroublefindingteenagerswhoarewillingtowork.Inaddition,noincometaxistakenoutforteenagers,soalmostalltheirwagesarepureincome.

Somepeoplefearthisbillwillmarkanendtotheminimumwagerequirementsforeveryone.Thesepeoplearemisinformed,forthisminimumwagereductionwouldnotaffectanyone18orolder.Insteaditwouldmainlyaffecttheteenagersthatworkduringthesummersandafterschool.Theseteenagersaremakingmoneytosaveandtospendforextras.Theyarenot,inthemain,breadwinners.Theolderteenagersandadults,whoarebreadwinners,wouldcontinueattheirsamesalaries.

Thereducedminimumwagecouldalsotakeasmallburdenoffalreadyaidingbusinessthathiresteenagers.Iftheydonothavetopaysomuchforwages,thebusinesscouldtakethemoneysavedandinvestitintheirownbusinesses.Theycouldreneworexpandtheirmachinerytoincreaseproduction.Finallywiththeoveralldecreaseinexpendituresbecauseofthereducedminimumwage,pricescouldgodown,whichwouldhelptofightinflation.

Althoughsomeyoungerteenagersdonotwanttotakethewagecuts,thisideahasmanypositiveeconomicpossibilities:itmighthelpinsolvingproblemswithunemployedteens,parents'financialburdens,crime,andrevitalizationofbusiness.Thebilldeservesachance.5.Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandcomposea"sentenceoutline"forit.

HowtoRaiseaMoralRobot

Inthefuture,humanswillcreatemoreintelligentandmoremoralrobotsthanthoseportrayedintherecentfilmChappie.Whatthefilmtouchesonisperhapsthegreatestchallengeofraisingmoralrobots.Thetoughestpartishowtosafelyintegraterobotsintosociety.Asisknown,humansarethemostpowerfullearningmachinesonEarth.Ifrobotsaretobepartofhumansociety,theyhavetobecomeatleastsecondbestatlearning.Isitpossibleforhumanstoproducemoralrobotlearners?

Moreandmorescientistsofartificialintelligence(AI)agreethattrueintelligencecomesfromlearning,notjustfromprogramming.Withagrowingnumberofmachinelearningapproachesavailable,robotscantakeinnewinformation.Theyturnthatinformationintoinstructionsandlearnfromfeedbacktoadjustactionsintheever-changingenvironments.

Robotlearning,however,musthavelimits.Ifscientistssucceedinbuildingsophisticatedrobotsthatcanlearn,theywillhavetoestablishlimitstohowrobotslearn.Ifrobotsareallowedtolearnanythingtheycanandwant,theymaybecomebrutalbullies.Therefore,programmersmustsetrulesandlawsthatprohibitthemfromlearninganythingsociallyundesirable.

Oneapproachtothatproblemisdemocraticrobotlearning.Programmerswriteasmallnumberoffundamentalnormsintotherobot,andletitlearntheremainingones.Thesefundamentalnormswillincludepreventionofharm,especiallytohumans,butalsopolitenessandrespect.Thenormswillthenbetranslatedintobehavior,forexample,whatitmeanstobepoliteinaparticularcontext.Theyalsodefineconditionsunderwhichonefundamentalnormcanreplaceanother.It'sOK,forinstance,todroppolitenesswhenarobottriestosavesomeonefromharm.

Democraticrobotlearningwouldalsoguidearobotindealingwithcontradictoryteachers.Sayonepersontriestoteachtherobottoshare,andanothertriestoteachittosteal.Inthatcase,therobotshouldaskthewholecommunitywhichteacheritshouldlistento.Afterall,thenormsandmoralsofacommunityaretypicallyheldbythemajorityofmembersinthatcommunity.

Thisapproachwouldalsopreventrobotsfromlearningsomethingevilinhumansociety.Humansaregenerallycooperativeandkindtowardsthosewhomtheyconsiderpartoftheirgroup,buttheycanbecomewickedandcrueltowardsthoseoutsidetheirgroup.Ifrobotslearnsuchhostilesentimentsandevilactions,theymayverywellbecomeathreattohumanity.Takerobotsinsomescience-fictionfilmsforexample.Theygetoutofhumancontrol,turntheirhumanmastersintoslaves,andevenkillthem.Ifthosehorriblescenescomeintoreality,itwouldbeadisastertomankind.

Somehow,societywillhavetoprotectrobotsfromcontinuingdarkhumanheritage.Ifsuccessful,robotswillbehelpfultohumanityasawhole—lendingahandinproduction,healthcare,educationandeldercare.ThatiswhatAIscientistsshouldpursue,andthosearethemoralrobotshumansocietyshouldraise.

SentenceOutline6.Writeadescriptionofyourdormitory.7.Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandcomposea"sentenceoutline"forit.

WhatTechnologyHasDonetoUs

Iamnotapatientperson.AsIwaswaitingfortheelevatortheotherday,Imusthavelookedatmywatch25timesinoneminute.Livinginaworldoffast-movingtechnology,Iamusedtoinstantreactions.Ipushabutton,theelevatorshouldopen,right?Ah,thisiswhattechnologyhasdonetome.

So,whydoweusetechnologicaldevicessomuch?Itsavestimeandisconvenient.WiththeInternet,wecanreceiveandsendinformation,communicatewithfriendsandbuyvariousitemsallinstantlybytheclickofamouse.Infact,ourpatiencelevelhaschangeddrasticallyallbecauseoffasterconnections.

Whilethistechnologydoesmakeitmoreconvenienttoreceiveinformation,sometimesIwonderifallthisistooconvenient.WetakeadvantageofthespeedsomuchthatiftheInternetisnotworkingorthefaxmachineisnotsendingproperly,ourworldseemstoshutdowntemporarily.Wesimplyfinditdifficulttofunctionwithoutaccesstooure-mailorupdatednews.Infact,technologycanoftenmakeuslazy.Icannotpossiblyspendthetimetomailaletterintheacclaimedsnailmail."Faxit.E-mailit,"theworldcries.Societyseemstorevolvearoundtimeasitneverdidbefore.

Thisspeedofcommunicationhascausedustobesoimpatientthatwehavegrownapartfromeachother.Oursocietycanpracticallythrivewithoutphysicalcontact.Manypeoplehavealltherequireddevicesalreadyintheirhomes:acomputer,Internetaccess,aphoneandafaxmachine.Doesanyoneelsethinkitisscarythatapersondoesnotneedtoevenleavehisorherbedroomtohavefullcontactwithanyoneintheworld?Ithinkitdecreasesourvalueofface-to-facehumancontactasawhole.Whyvisitsomeonewholives40minutesawaywhenyoucane-mailthemorchatonline?Itsavestime,yetnothingcanreplacehavingface-to-faceconversationwithsomeone.

WhataboutthosewhohavelimitedaccesstotheInternetorothertechnology?Theyseemtogetlost.Sometimes,whenIamtoobusytocheckmye-mailorhavenoaccess,Imissoutonimportantinformationandeventsthathavealreadytakenplacewithoutmyknowledge.Thecommonthoughtseemstobethatifyouhaveane-mailaddress,youmustcheckiteveryhour,right?Sadly,thisideaisbecomingtruth.

Whiletechnologyisanessentialpartofourthrivingsociety,itshouldbelessemphasizedastheonlywaytocommunicateefficiently.Instead,accuracyshouldbethepriority.WhiletheInternetandfaxmachinesarefaster,efficiencycanhaveitsdrawbacks.Theydonotalwayspromiseaccurateinformationinsending.Forexample,thesedevicesmightnotbethebestwaytosubmitimportantdocuments,suchascollegeapplications.Also,withtheInternet,valuableinformation,suchascreditcardinformation,canfallintothewronghandswithoutbeingdetected.

Whilecompletelyabandoningthesecommunicationdevicesisnotfeasible,societyneedstobemorepatientwiththeinefficienciesofhuman-madeinventionsandofcoursewithhumanconnections.

SentenceOutline8.Somepeopleinsistthatthefamilyhasthemostimportantinfluenceonyoungadults.Otherpeoplethinkthatfriendshavethemostimportantinfluenceonyoungadults,whichviewdoyouagreewith?Writeashortexpositoryessayabout300wordstoexplicateyouropinion.Inyourwriting,underlineyourthesisandnumberyourparagraphs.9.Theexaminationsystemhascometobethemainthemeofmoderneducation.Somepeopleareinfavoroftheimportantroleofexaminationintherealmofeducation.Otherpeoplemaintainthatsuchanexaminationsystemshouldbeabolished.Shouldexaminationbeabolished?Whatisyouropinion?Writeanessayofabout300wordstosupportyourideas.10.Composeanessay(60points).

Somepeopleoftensay,"Opportunityplaysavitalroleinsuccess".Doyougoalongwiththeidea.Writeanessay(about300words)expressingyourviewonit.11.Writeaconcludingparagraphforthefollowingessay.

HowtoPrepareforanInterview

Beinginterviewedisasituationthatnearlyeveryonefacesatsometimeinlife,whetherforcollegeorforajob.Mostpeoplefacethisdealwithanxietyandevenfear.However,peoplewhoprepareforaninterviewavoidmuchofthisanxiety.Preparingforaninterviewinvolvesdoingadvanceresearch,choosingtherightoutfit,andplanningappropriatecommunicationwiththeinterview.

Doingresearchbeforetheactualinterviewwillincreasethechancesforasuccessfulinterview.Findoutthelocationoftheinterviewsiteanddecidehowtotraveltheretoarriveontime.Nothingmakesaspooranimpressiononaninterviewerasarrivinglate.Inaddition,learnaboutthecompanyorsituationwhereyouarebeinginterviewed.Thiswillhelpyouaskintelligentquestions.Ifyourinterviewisforadmissiontoaschool,findoutwhatcoursestheschooloffersinyourfieldofinterest.Forajobinterview,findoutaboutthekindofworkthatthecompanydoes.Ifyoualreadyworkatthecompanyandarebeinginterviewedforapromotion,researchthedutiesofthejobforwhichyouareapplying.Suchresearchwillshowtheinterviewerthatyouareinterestedinobtainingthejoborbeingadmittedtotheschool.

Dressingappropriatelyfortheinterviewisimportantbecauseyourappearancewillbethefirstthingtheinterviewernoticesaboutyou.Thismeanswearingclean,neatlypressedclothingandsubduedcolorcombinationssuchasbrownornavywithwhite.Youwanttomakeagoodimpression,butatthesametimeyoudonotwanttoattractattentiontoyourclothing.Also,youwearloudcolorsofoverlynoticeableclothes,theinterviewermightquestionyourjudgementaboutwhat'sacceptablebehaviorforaschoolorofficesetting.

Preparingwhatyoumightsaytotheinterviewerwillhelpyoufeelmoreincontrolofthesituation.Fromyourresearch,preparealistofquestionsthatyouwouldliketoasktheinterviewer.Asyoupreparewhatyoumightsay,remindyourselfofwhatnottosay.Forinstance,youwon'twanttoaskquestionsthataretoopersonal.Also,remindyourselfnottalktoomuch.Makeamentalnotetolettheinterviewerguideandcontrolthecourseofthemeeting.Alsoplantoanswertheinterviewer'squestionsfully,explainingyouranswersratherthanreplyingbysayingonlyyesorno.Remember,theintervieweristryingtofromanimpressionofyouandhowyouwouldfitinattheschoolorcompany.12.Writeaconcludingparagraphforthefollowingessay.

Spare-timeJob

Withthechangeofpeople'sideas,thosewhodothespare-timejobarenolongerlookeddownupon.Notonlyworkersbutalsoteachersandengineersaregettingmoreinvolvedinthespare-timejob.Theyworkintheirsparetimetomakemoremoneytoimprovetheirownlivingstandard.

However,somepeoplearenotforthis.Theythinkthattheywillfailtodotheirfulltimejobwellifpeopleareengagedintheirspare-timejobs,fortheycan'tconcentratetheirmindduringtheregularworkinghours,ortheyaretootiredtorecoverfromoverwork.What'smore,thespare-timejobwouldmakepeopleinterestedinnothingbutmoney.Theywillbeconcernedwithnothingbutthemselves.13.Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandcomposea"sentenceoutline"or"topicoutline"forit.

MohandasGandhiandMartinLutherKing

Twotwentieth-centuryleaderswhohavecontinuedtoinfluencenon-violentsocialpro-testsmovementsinternationallyareMohandasGandhiandMartinLutherKing,Jr.Ofdifferentracesandcultures,bornonoppositesidesoftheworldinnationsvastlydifferentinwealthandtechnology,thesetwoaggressivemenintheirlateryearssharedthephilosophyofnon-violent,butdirect,actionandexpendedtheirlivesinpursuitofpeacefulsolutionstosocialinequities.Anexaminationoftheirlives,consequently,revealsbothsimilaritiesanddifferencesintheirfamilybackgrounds,ideology,andplansforsocialaction.

Gandhi'sandKing'sfamilybackgroundsshowsimilaritiesanddifferences.GandhiwasaHindioftheBaniyu(Trading)Caste;Hisfather,nevertheless,waschiefministerofthesmallstateofKathiawad.GandhibrokewiththetraditionofhisfamilyandwenttoEnglandtostudylawattheageof19,wherehehadhisfirstcontactwithWesternculture.WhilehereadandstudiedtheBiblewithinterest,hebecamemoredeeplyconvincedofthelogicalityandprofundityoftheHindireligion.King,ablackAmerican,wasbornintoafamilyofChristianministers.Hisfatherwasthepastorofachurchwhichhisfather-in-lawhadfoundedmanyyearsbefore.UnlikeGandhi,Kingdecidedtofollowthefootstepsofhisfatherandgrandfatherandstudyfortheministry.ItwasonlyafterstudyingthephilosophicworksofPlato,Aristotle,Hobbes,Marx,Neitzche,andfinallyGandhithathebegantoformulatehisownphilosophy,whichwassimilarinmanyrespectstoGandhi's.Theearlyenvironment,familytradition,anded

ucationofbothGandhiandKing,atsomepointssimilarbutatmostpointsdifferent,shapedtheircharactersandformedtheirexpectationsfortheirsocietiesandtheirpeople.

BothGandhiandKingbelievedthattheiraimscouldbeachievedthroughnon-violentmeans.Theyheldacommonideologyofnon-violence.Thiscommonideologyofnon-violencewasnottobeunderstoodasafailuretoact.Itshouldbeunderstoodasdirectresistancewhichisgroundedinloveforceoragraha.Gandhisaidmenmustresisttheevilthatmendobyrefusingtoobeyaman-madelawwhichcontradictedahighermorallaw.HeoftenremindedtheIndianpeoplethatbloodwouldhavetoflowbeforetheyattainedtheirends,buthesaidthebloodmustbetheirblood,nottheoppressor's.Kingcriedout,"Ihopenoonehastodieasaresultofourstruggle...butifanyonehastodie,letitbeme."KingremindedblackAmericansthattheymustlovetheirenemiesevenifitmeanssufferinganddeath.SimilaritiesintheideologiesofthetwomenaremostapparentsinceGandhiwasoneofthemajorinfluencesinthedevelopmentofKing'sphilosophy.

AninvestigationoftheplansforsocialactionofGandhiandKingyieldsseveralpointsofagreementaswellasnumerousdivergences.Gandhi'smainconcernwastoestablishIndiaasanindependencenation.HewantedtofreethepeopletobuildandgovernIndiaforIndiansandnotfortheuseanddevelopmentofanexternalpower.Ontheotherhand,King'sconflictwasinternal.HesoughttoachievejusticeandequalityforblacksinaccordancewiththeidealsofAmericandemocracy.Bothmensawthenecessityforsomekindofeconomicprogramwhichwouldmakethemassesofthepoorself-supporting.GandhitriedtoencouragethepoorvillagersinIndiatolearntohand-spinclothasonemeansofachievingeconomicindependenceandculturalsolidarity.Inalikemanner,Kingurgedblackstoestablishtransportationandfoodserviceswhichwouldbesupportedbytheblackcommunity.Theeconomicandsocialprograms,alongwiththesupportivemarchesanddemonstrations,wereimportantsocial-actiontechniquese

mployedbybothGandhiandKingastheystruggletoimprovethequalityoflifefortheiroppressedpeoples.

BothGandhiandKingwerehighlyrespectedleaders,whosephilosophieswerearticulatedsoclearlythattheycontinuetoinfluencecontemporarythoughtandsocialmovements.Theirfamilybackgrounds,theirbeliefinthedignityandworthoftheindividual,andtheirsupportofthepoormassesledthemtolivesofnon-violentresistanceandfinalmartyrdom.Butevenasuperficialexaminationoftheirlivesrevealsdifferencesaswellassimilaritiesintheirbackgroundsandinthedevelopmentoftheirinfluentialideologies.14.Composeanessay

E-mailisanentirelynewmeansofcommunication,butitgainsgrowingpopularityrapidly.Writeanessay(about300words)expressingyourviewonit.15.WriteadescriptionoftheChinesefamily.16.Thefollowingpassageisincompletewithonebodyparagraphmissing.Studythepassagecarefullyandwritethemissingparagraphinabout100words.Makesurethatyourtoneanddictionareinunitywiththepassageprovided.

TheBreakdownofCommunication

Itiscommonlyacknowledgedthatlanguageproblemsmakecommunicationbetweenpeoplefromdifferentculturesdifficult.Becauseofthelanguagebarriers,peoplecannotexpresstheirfeelingsclearlytoeachother.However,communicationproblemsalsoexistbetweenindividualsfromthesameculture.Althoughtheyhavethesameculturalback-ground,theysometimescannotunderstandeachotherwell.Communicationbetweenindividualsbreaksdownbecauseofmanyfactors.Themostsignificantonesincludepersona