毕业设计（论文）-花卉包装机设计-花卉传输部分的设计

外文资料FundamentalsofMechanicalDesignThepresentsituationofpackagingmachineryinChina:ThepackagingoftheproductisanimportantpartofChina'sindustrialdevelopment,anditisanindispensableemergingindustryinthenationaleconomy.China'spackagingmachineryhasalowstartingpoint.Becauseofthedifferentnatureoftheenterprise,thereisadifferencebetweenthemoneyandequipmentbetweenenterprises,andthelevelofautomationisnotconsistent,andmostcompaniesareonthelowlevelequipment.Twentyyearsago,thefirsttimethatthepackagingmachinewasappliedtothepackagingmachinewasthefirsttimethataPLCwasappliedtothepackagingmachineautomationtechnology.Then,ascontrolanddrivetechnology,servotechnologyanddigitalideassteppedin,thepackagingmachinemarkethadundergonemanychanges.AtpresentChinahasbecometheworld'slargestcommodityproducerandexporter,globalattentionhasfocusedonthefastestgrowingandlargest,themostpromisingChinesepackagingmarket.Aftermorethan20yearsofdevelopment,thepackagingmachineryofChinahasbecomeoneofthetenindustriesinthemachineryindustry,whichprovidesaneffectiveguaranteefortherapiddevelopmentofpackagingindustryinChina.Butatpresent,China'spackagingmachineryexportsarelessthan5percentofthetotaloutputvalue,buttheimportamountisquitethesameasthetotaloutputvalue,farfromthedevelopedcountries.Thereisashortageofleadingenterprisesinthepackagingmachineryindustry,andtherearenotmanyenterpriseswithlargescaleandhighqualityproducts.Accordingtothefoodandpackagingmachineryindustryassociation,Chinanowhasmorethan3,600packaged-machinerymanufacturers,butonly20arenowworthmorethan100millionyuan.Therapiddevelopmentofpackagingproductsinourcountryneedstodrivethewholeofthevigorousdevelopmentofpackagingindustry,includingpackagingmachineryenterprisesarealsofacingaverygooddevelopmentopportunities,buttherearemanyfactorsrestrictthedevelopmentofpackagingmachineryindustry.TheproblemofautomaticpackagingmachineautomationinChina:TheautomaticpackagingmachineofChinaisstillbasicallyinthetestimitationstage,theself-developmentabilityisweak,lackthescientificresearchproductionthetestbase.Statisticsshowthatmorethan1300kindsofvarietiesofpackagingmachineryinourcountryonly,supportingsmall,lackofhighprecisionandlargescaleproduction,productcan'tmeetthedemandofmarket,productqualitygapintheproductperformanceislow,poorstabilityandreliability,notbeautifulappearancestyle,roughsurfacetreatment,poorqualityofmanycomponents,shortservicelife,lowreliability,affectthequalityofthewholeproduct.Despitethewideprospectofmarket,suchaslow-levelenterpriseonasmallerscale,productandpoorreliability,importdependence,serious,inadequatedevelopmentabilityislow,researchanddevelopment,lackofprofessionalandtechnicalpersonnelandalsomakethedomesticpackagingmachineryproductstoridicule.1,accordingtotheenterpriseonasmallerscale,packingindustryisdevelopingrapidlyinChina,sofarthenationalpackagingmachineryproductionof533000setsofproductionvalueof130billionyuan.Therearemorethan9000packingmachineryenterprises,morethan550,000employees,morethan130scientificresearchinstitutesandcollegesanduniversities,over1,300varietiesofproducts.Thepackagingenterprisesaremany,theoutputismuch,theproductstructureisfragmentedandbecomesoneoftheimportantfactorsthatrestrictthedevelopmentofthepackagingmachineryindustryinChina.Thereareseriousduplicationproblemsinthepackagingmachineryindustry,andlowbarrierstoentryandinadequateregulationarethemaincausesofthisproblem.Becauseoflowstartingpoint,packagingmachineryenterprises"deficiency"andacrossdepartments,overallplanning,macroguidancedifficultproblems,intermsofinvestmentanddevelopmentofnewproductsisoftenacoax,lowlevelrepeateddisorderlycompetition.Inrecentyears,CarryoutGMP(medicinesandchemicalreagentsproducesspecificationsofquality)attestationsystembecauseofsustainedourcountryeconomicsituationriseandcountrytopharmacyindustrymandatory.Medicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachineryhasgotquitegreatprogress.Thenewproductincreasesbygradually.Engineeringlevelhashadverybigimprovement.Butbereturningverybiggapsbacktoexistencecomparedwithinternationalstandards.Levelbeingcloseto60%'sproductcannottoreachupperdevelopedcountrycenturyeighties.Large-scaleadvancedequipmentisdependentonentrancemainly.Lowourcountrymedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachineryengineeringlevelisthatthedesigndesigningpersonnellowlevelfromourcountryenterprisearousestoagreatextent.One,ourcountrymedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachinerycurrentsituationanalysesOurcountrymedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachinerystillhasbiggergapcomparedwithadvancedinternationallevel.Whattimeisinsufficientondomesticmedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachinerydesignundermainexistence1)Backwarddomesticmechanicalperformancemedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachinerymostly,accuracylowvelocity,isslow,stationaritydispatchespackagemachinerytravelprocesstocontainlargeamountofdyadiccomplicatedintermittencemotion.Cometocometruemainlyfromthecam,theconnectingrod.But,manydesignthatthepersonnelisunabletorequirethattheindependencedesignstheparametercalculatingcambarlinkagekinematicsanddynamicsaccordingtojobcyclepictureandaccuracy.Beonlythesurveyingandmappingcarryingoutapiecemealthattheabroadmodelmachinecamconnectingrodpartisdismantleddownsimplely.Bringaboutactuatingmechanismerrorisverybig.Thatdomesticmedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachineryrunsspeedmostlyismoregeneralthanhangingdownaccordingtocuttingfrequencyifthealuminiummouldsbubblecoverpacker'sfor100one300mins,full-automaticmedicineboxpackerdressboxspeed50-200boxes/msin.But,ontheinternational,theadvancedaluminiummouldsrushingsteepingcoverpackercuttingfrequencybeabletoreach600mins.Full-automaticmedicineboxpackerdressboxspeedisabletoreach600~800box/mins.Notonlyworkingspeedofdomesticmedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachineryisslow.And,thepartnerhasbiggernoise.2)Isunderthecontrolofhorizontalbackward.Domesticmedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachinerycontrolslow,automationofleveldifferencemostly,themalfunctionleadsheight.(Mainpackagemachineryfingerboxdresscontrolsdomesticmedicinesandchemicalreagentswithdrinkingwineholdingmachinerywith)adoptPLCtodoascenemostly.But,advancedmedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachineryrealizessupervisorycontrolabroadmostlyfromcomputersystem.Underthecontrolofhorizontalrelativelybackward.Greatmajoritydomesticmedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachineryautomationsexisrelativelypoor.Adoptasingletoproduceapatternfirstcommonly.Thefull-automaticproductionlineisfew.Twoisthatfull-automationworkscannottoachieve.Requirethatthemanpowerfeedsinrawmaterial.Handmovementenchases.Ifinalittlepaperboxpacker,Page,paperboxallneedsmedicineboard,specificationspapertomovechargingpersonally.Andrequirespecially-assignedpersontopayattentiontoifspecifications,medicineboard,paperboxalreadyfinishusingatanytime.Happentoavoidbringingaboutmachineracingorbringingaboutincompletespecifications,medicineboard,andmedicineboxphenomenon.Other,domesticmedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemechanicfailureratesarehigher.Controlacomponent(iftherelay,electromagneticvalve,contactor,breakeretc.)etc.areofteneasytodamage.Haltalsotofrequentlyoccurthemalfunction.3)Functionsareunitary,expansionsexisbad.Medicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachineryisthattheformdesignsthatspecificallyforspeciallyappointedpackage.Thegeneralspecificationrangeinnerinregulationisadjustable.But,alotofourcountrymedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachineryconsidersinsufficiencywhendesigningthat.Benotthatreforminggoingastepfurthersetsapartsufficientspace.Causethemachinerydesigningthattobeabletoonlyadapttotheformboardinseveralkindssimplicities.Changenotadaptingtowrappingmaterialortheformboarddimension.Fitinwitheven.Thepackagefinishedproductmassgivingbirthtoachildisneithernice.4)Considersdeficiencysynthetically.Resourcedoesnotfullyutilize.Ourcountrymedicinesandchemicalreagentsthereexiststhechaosphenomenoninpackagemachinerydesign.Alotofmachinerydesignsthatthepersonneldragstotheelectricmotormovingthesynchronytechnology,theservodrivetechnologydonotknows.Theproblemsimpleelectricalequipmentavailableisresolvedusescomplicatedmechanismtocometocometruebut.Somethoughthecontrolorganworkstocomehavingadoptthesynchronyelectricmotortowaitforadevice.Butchooseblockofwoodding-dang.Themaximumhavingbroughtaboutresourcenotonlywastesthiscondition.Andmakemachineryfunctiondesigningthatlow.5)Systemunderthecontrolofschemesdesign.Inmedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachinery,averyimportantpartisthatrealtimedetectingisback-offtoeveryorganization.Toensurethatequipmentoperationissmooth.Nowmanymachineryproductshasselectedandusedlargeamountofphotoelectricityswitchbeingthedetectingcomponent.EquipmenthassuchasPCdetectingbubblecoversystemonsomemachineryandthelikesystem.Thisneedalldesignsthatmeticulously.And,thegeneralnavalcompanyisanintegralwhole.Three,concludingremarksThethoughtaconceptisdesignedmeltstoentermedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachinerydesignbeingabletofalloffdesigningafault.Shortenadesigncycle.Acceleratetheproductexploitation.Maketheproductdesigningthatmorerational,haveaffinity,moresuitableman-machineprojectmore.Itisalsothatthemainmeanscostingdownandimprovingenterprisecompetitionisshortofpassivecompetitionaspectbackwardforimprovingmedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachinerydesignatthesametime.Toadapttothechallengethat"queenGMPtimes"bringsabout.Designthatthepersonnelmusttakeproductconceptualdesignseriously.Deepenthesignificanceunderstandingconceptualdesign's.中文译文药品包装机械概念设计评述一、我国包装机械的现状：

产品的包装是我国工业发展的重要组成部分，是国民经济中不可缺少的新兴行业。我国包装机械总体呈现低出发点趋势。由于企业的性质不同，企业之间资金和设备存在区别，自动化水平也不一致，大多数企业在低水平设备上徘徊。

20年前，第一次应用在包装机械产品的PLC开启了包装机械自动化技术的时代。之后，随着控制与驱动技术、伺服技术及数字化理念的介入，包装机械市场已经经历了多轮变革。目前中国已经成为世界最大的商品生产和出口大国，全球的目光也聚焦在发展最快、规模最大、最具潜力的中国包装市场。

经过20多年的发展，我国包装机械已成为机械工业中十大行业之一，为我国包装工业快速发展提供了有效的保障。但目前，我国包装机械出口额还不足总产值的5%，进口额却与总产值大抵相当，与发达国家相去甚远。包装机械行业缺少龙头企业，生产规模大、产品档次高的企业不多。根据食品和包装机械工业协会的统计，中国目前有包装机械厂商3600多家，但产值及销售额超过亿元的现在只有20家。

我国包装产品需求的突飞猛进带动了整个包装行业的蓬勃发展，其中包装机械企业也同样面临着非常好的发展机会，但是却有诸多因素制约着包装机械行业的发展。

二、国内包装机械自动化存在的问题：

我国自动化包装机械还基本停留在测试仿制阶段，自行开发能力弱，缺少科研生产中试基地。统计显示，我国包装机械品种只有1300多种，配套数量少，缺少高精度和大型化产产品，不能满足市场需求：产品质量差距表现在产品性能低，稳定性和可靠性差、外观造型不美观、表面处理粗糙，许多元器件质量差，寿命短、可靠性低，影响了整体产品的质量。

尽管市场前景广阔，但诸如企业规模较小、产品层次低和可靠性差、进口依赖严重、开发能力低下、研发投入不足、专业技术人才缺乏等问题也使国内包装机械产品饱受诟病。

1.企业规模较小

统计数据显示，我国包装工业发展迅速，到目前为止全国包装机械产量达

53.3

万台套，产值为

1300

亿元。包装机械企业有

9000

多家，从业人数55

万以上，科研院所和高等院校130

余所，产品品种

1300

余种。包装企业多，产量多，产品结构零散成为制约我国包装机械行业发展的重要因素之一。包装机械行业存在着严重的重复建设问题，进入门槛低和调控手段不够是造成这个问题的主因。因包装机械企业起点低、“先天不足”且跨部门，存在统筹规划、宏观指导难的问题，在投资和开发新产品方面往往一哄而起，出现低水平重复的无序竞争。2.落后的国内机械性能药品包装机械大多，精度低，速度慢，平稳调度包装机械行程过程中含有大量的二元复杂的间歇运动。主要由凸轮、连杆来实现。但是，许多设计人员不能根据工作周期图和精度要求独立设计参数计算凸轮连杆机构的运动学和动力学。只是进行逐点测绘，国外模型机的凸轮连杆零件拆下来简单。导致执行机构误差很大。国产铝塑包装机械运行速度大多比截止频率较低，如铝泡罩封隔器的100分钟300分，全自动药盒包装箱