精讲精练第二次课堂文章解析

ByEurope’sEarlySeaTradewith

与原文信息anumberofpoliticaldevelopmentscutEurope'soverlandtraderoutestosouthernandeasternAsia以及Thisdevelopment…providedanimpetustoalong-helddesiretosecuredirectrelationswiththeEastbyestablishingaseatrade相符。A偷换概念，原文不包括finallyreadytotradewithEuropeansB偷换概念，原文提到comingasitdidwhenthebottomhadfallenoutwasnotradewiththeEastC无中生有，原文没有提到very与原文信息Newtypesofshipswereneeded,newmethodsoffindingone'sway,newtechniquesforfinancingsovastascheme相A无中生有，原文提到钱的问题，但没有提到EuropeanswereunwillingtoB句内逻辑错误，原句内无比较的逻辑关系comparedwiththeinvestmentC句子逻辑错误，原文关系不是ThereaseincommercialactivityreflectstheimportanceD逻辑关系错误，引入原文不存在的逻辑。原文说的是投资的额度和利润，不是peoplemadelargeinvestments…theyexpectedtomake取非类infer，原文信息Spiceswerethemostsought-afterC偷换概念，原文没有提到tradedforproductssuchasperfumesandmedicines而是manufactureperfumesandcertainmedicines。 reasedstabilitymadeitpossibletoaddmultiplemastsandsails与原文信息calledalateensail,whichcouldbemovedintoavarietyofpositionstomaneuvertheship.该信息起支持论证的作用，举例子为本段论点服务Thusbyabout1400thekeyelementswereincetoenableEuropetobeginitsseawardadventure.A原文无提及该信息aftercaravelshadbeguntravelingacrossoceansB原文无提及该信息resulteddirectlyfromtheinventionoftheD原文没提到信息，howtheproblemofdetermininglongitudewas与原文信息itdefinedsuattersastheauthorityofaship'sofficersprotocolsofcommand,paystructurestherightsofsailors,andtherulesofengagementwhenshipsmetoneanotheronthe入句子前接they指代的对象，后接acoupleofreasons开

BecauselandroutestoAsiahadbeencutoffinthefourteenthcentury,EuropeanshadtofindanewwaytotradewithAsia.AnswerReportsbytravelersindicatedthatpeopleinAsiawereinterestedinrenewingtradewithEuropeans.FortradeinAsian,goodssuchasspicestobeprofitable,theseitemsneededtobetransportedinlargetiesbysea.Wind-drivencaravelsweredevelopedtocarry,cargoacrosstheoceans.EuropeanswantedtoimportspicesfromAsiainordertoimprovethetasteoffoodandtomakeperfumesandmedicines.EuropeangalleyswereabletobringAsiangoodsacrossthenOceanandaroundtheAfricancoastline.解析：与原文galleyswereabletobringAsianThedevelopmentofmaps,navigationalinstruments,andamaritimecodeofconductprovidedcrucialelementsforlong-distancenavigation.

具体展开描述形成的过程：Theelectricaldischargetakes解释该结构形成的具体过程：offerapromisingexnationofhowthisstructureofchargedparticlesformsFirst,achannel,orpath,isThenastrongcurrentofelectronsfollowsthat123Atsuchtemperaturesthecollisionbetweentheicepelletsandtheicecrystalscauseselectricalchargestoshiftsotheicepelletsacquireanegativechargeandtheicecrystals positivelycharged相符B信息杂糅，原文提到了Collisions也提到了negativelychargedicecrystals，但不是CollisionswithnegativelychargedicecrystalsC无中生有，原文提到了Theheaviernegativelychargedicepelletsconcentrateinthecenterofthecloud，但是与题干icecrystals无关D答非所问，原文提到了Thetemperatureatthecenterofthecloudisabout-15℃orlower，但不是causesicecrystalsto charged的45与原文信息thecloudiswarmerthan-15°Candatthesetemperatures,collisionsbetweenicecrystalsandfallingicepelletsproducepositivelychargedicepelletsthatthenpopulateasmallregionatthebaseofthecloud.相符6原文提到该信息，但是与themiddleregionofacloud negativelycharged无关7该信息起解释说明的作用，服务的对像为soeventhoughitrepresentsonly20percentofalllightning,ithasreceivedalotofscientificattentionB原文的修饰关系，原文提及itrepresentsonly20percentofalllightning但重点在于强调转折的信息C修改原文的信息，原文无提及该信息understandingofthisformoflightningisimportant8asthelightningwesee.可知该词汇含义与see相关9Whenastreamofthesenegativelychargedelectronscomeswithin100metersofthegrounditismetbyastreamofpositivelychargedparticlesthatcomesupfromtheground.Whenthenegativelyandpositivelychargedstreamsmeet,acompletechannelconnectingthecloudandthegroundisformedA与原文Cproducesastreamofelectronsfromthecloud10inferThestreamofpositiveparticlesthatmeetsthesurgeofelectronsfromthecloudoftenarisesfromatallpointedstructuresuchasametalflagpoleoratower.Thatiswhythesubsequentlightningthatfollowsthecompletedchanneloftenstructurecompletedchannel…表明了先后顺序，暗示了因果关系11因果类infer，原文信息为Theheaviernegativelychargedicepelletsarelefttoconcentrateinthecenter.Thisprocessexinswhythetopofthecloud espositivelycharged,whilethe esnegativelycharged1213descendingstreamofelectrons相关信息。后接divides的情况且与intersectstheestablishedpath的newpositive-streamchannel有关14Lightningtakescewhenaseparationofpositiveandnegativeelectricalparticlesthatdevelopinastormcloudsuddenlycollapses.AnswerAstormcloudfirstdevelopsapositivelychargedlayeratthetopthennegativelychargedmiddlelayerandfinally,apositivelychargedlayeratthe解析：与原文信息firstdevelops…henanegativelychargedmiddlelayerLightningfromcloudtogroundfollowsachannelthatformswhenastreamofelectronsmovingdownmeetsastreamofpositiveparticlescomingupfromthegroundLightningfromacloudtothegroundismorelikelytobedestructivethanislightningthattakescewithinacloudAseparationofopposiychargedparticlesincloudsdevelopsfromcollisionsoffallingicepelletswithicecrystals,fromupdraftsandfromtemperaturevariationsFieldstudieslaboratorysimulationsandhigh-speedphotographyhaveallbeenusedtoinvestigatethewaychargeseparationsdeveloplouds解析：细节性质选项Fieldstudieslaboratorysimulationsandhigh-speedphotographyOnceachannelhasbeenformeditisusuallyusedbyseveralsuccessiveelectricaldischargesthatilluminatethechannelasflashesoflightningMethodsofStudyingInfant具体方法一：indirect具体展开三点局限：first,second,Filmheartandrespirationratenonnutritivesuckinghabituation-dishabituationevoked1Eachofthesemethodscomparesaninfant'sstatepriortotheintroductionofastimuluswithitsstateduringorimmediayfollowingthestimulusA,DBindicationofthelevelanddurationoftheresponsetothestimulusobservethefrequencyanddurationofvariousstimuli23betweenthetwomeasuresprovidestheresearcherwithanindicationofthelevelanddurationoftheresponsetothestimulus.迷惑选项：B,C,D原文均没有提及该信息456B信息错误，原文没提及itseemsthatsomeinfantsdevelopaparticularperceptualabilityCusetechniquesthatwillprovideconclusiveD信息错误，原文没提及theirobserveddataisoften7techniqueshave emuchmoresophisticated,reducingthelimitationsjustpresented针对上段的问题，提出解决方案。8910inwhichasinglestimulusispresentedrepeatedlytotheinfantuntilthereisameasurabledecline(habituation)inwhateverattendingbehaviorisbeingobserved.Atthatpointanewstimulusispresented,andanyrecovery(dishabituation)inresponsivenessisrecorded相符B,DCcontinuestoshowhabituationwiththenewstimulus,itisassumedthatthebabyisunabletoperceivethenewstimulusasdifferent即为不能区分刺激的表现11因果推理，原文信息whichareelectricalbrainresponsesthatmayberelatedtoaparticularstimulusbecauseofwheretheyoriginate，推理线索因为反应产生的地方，所以针对特定的刺激有大脑电反应。迷惑选项：A,B,D12weknowthattheneonateofonlyafewdaysisfarmoreperceptivethanpreviously