IoT核心网络架构白皮书

GTIIoTCoreNetworkArchitectureWhitePaper

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IoTProgram

Sourcemembers

ChinaMobile,Nokia,Ericsson,Huawei,ZTE

Supportmembers

ChinaMobile,Nokia,Ericsson,Huawei,ZTE

Editor

ChinaMobile,Nokia,Ericsson,Huawei,ZTE

LastEditDate

08-04-2018

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DD-MM-YYYY

Confidentiality:ThisdocumentmaycontaininformationthatisconfidentialandaccesstothisdocumentisrestrictedtothepersonslistedintheConfidentialLevel.Thisdocumentmaynotbeused,disclosedorreproduced,inwholeorinpart,withoutthepriorwrittenauthorizationofGTI,andthosesoauthorizedmayonlyusethisdocumentforthepurposeconsistentwiththeauthorization.GTIdisclaimsanyliabilityfortheaccuracyorcompletenessortimelinessoftheinformationcontainedinthisdocument.Theinformationcontainedinthisdocumentmaybesubjecttochangewithoutpriornotice.

DocumentHistory

Date

Meeting#

Version#

RevisionContents

10-30-2017

0.1

InitialDraft

12-20-2018

0.2

UpdatesfromNokia,Huawei,Ericsson,ZTE

03-14-2018

0.3

UpdatedTOCandformatting

05-10-2018

1.0

FinalEdit

Content

EXECUTIVESUMMARY/INTRODUCTION6

1.TERMINOLOGY7

2.ASSUMPTIONSANDSCOPE7

3.CELLULARIOTSERVICESOVERVIEW7

3.1.CHALLENGESTOCELLULARIOT7

3.2.PROGRESSIN3GPPSPECIFICATIONSANDINDUSTRYDEVELOPMENT 8

3.3.CELLULARIOTSERVICESUSECASES 9

3.3.1UseCaseOverview 9

3.3.2.UserCase1:Metering 10

3.3.3.UserCase2:Assetmonitoring 10

4.CELLULARIOTCORENETWORKARCHITECTURALREQUIREMENTS 10

4.1.REQUIREMENTSFROMSERVICEASPECT 10

4.2.REQUIREMENTSFROMNETWORKOPERATIONASPECT 10

4.2.1.NetworkFlexibility 10

4.2.2.NetworkScalability 11

4.2.3.NetworkCapabilityExposure 11

4.2.4.Automatednetworkmanagement 11

5.KEYTECHNOLOGIESINCIOTCORENETWORKARCHITECTUREDESIGN 11

5.1.OVERVIEW 11

5.2.NETWORKFUNCTIONVIRTUALIZATION 11

5.3.CORENETWORKARCHITECTUREOPTIMIZATION 12

5.4.SERVICECAPABILITYEXPOSURE 12

6.NFVBASEDNETWORKARCHITECTUREANDMANAGEMENT 12

6.1.NFVOVERVIEW 12

6.2.NFVARCHITECTUREOVERVIEW 13

6.3.NFVMANAGEMENTARCHITECTUREOVERVIEW 14

6.4.VNFLIFECYCLEMANAGEMENT 14

6.5.NETWORKSERVICEMANAGEMENTANDORCHESTRATION 15

7.CIOTCORENETWORKARCHITECTUREANDSOLUTIONS 15

7.1CIOTOPTIMIZATIONEPCARCHITECTURE(NB-IOTANDEMTC) 15

7.2.1.CIoTOptimizationEPCarchitecture 15

7.2.2.NetworkFunctionsEnhancements 16

7.2.3.ReferencePoints 16

7.2.KEYSOLUTIONINCIOTCORENETWORK 17

7.2.1.Efficientdatatransmission 17

DataoverNAS(Control-PlaneOptimization) 17

User-PlaneOptimization 18

Non-IPsmalldatatransmission 18

7.2.2.LowPowerConsumptionofTerminals 19

PSM 19

ExtendedPeriodicTAUTimer 19

eDRX 20

7.2.3.CoverageEnhancement 20

7.2.4.MassiveAccessControl 20

CongestionControlManagement 20

RateControl 21

7.2.5.InterRATidlemodemobilityto/fromNB-IoT 22

7.2.6.DECORandeDECOR 22

7.2.7.SMS 23

8.CIOTCORENETWORKDEPLOYMENTANALYSIS 23

8.1.SHARINGTHECORENETWORKWITHCONVERGEDMBBNETWORK 23

8.2.CIOTDEDICATEDCORENETWORKFORCIOT 24

9.CIOTSERVICECAPABILITYEXPOSURE 24

9.1.OVERVIEW 24

9.2.SERVICECAPABILITYEXPOSUREREQUIREMENTS 25

9.2.1.Real-timeuserstatusawareness 25

9.2.2.Communications 25

9.2.3.Serviceparametermanagement 26

9.2.4.Qosmanagement 28

9.3.SERVICECAPABILITYEXPOSUREARCHITECTURE 28

9.3.1.Overview 28

9.3.2.Interface 31

9.3.3.Identifier 32

9.3.4.Deploymentandrouting 33

9.4.SECURITYREQUIREMENTSOFSERVICECAPABILITYEXPOSURE 33

10.RESOURCES/REFERENCES 34

ExecutiveSummary/Introduction

TheInternetofThings(IoT)isthenextrevolutioninthemobileecosystem.In2025,anestimated27billionconnecteddeviceswillbedeployed,upfrom5billionin2015.

Amongthem,cellularIoTmodulesareforecasttoaccountfor2.2billion,upfrom0.334billionin2015.[MachinaResearch,May2015].

ThisdocumentgivesadescriptiononcellularIoTcorenetworkarchitecturalrequirementandexistingarchitecturespecificationbySDOs.ThiswhitepaperalsoinvestigateshowtoleverageNFVandotheremergingnetworktechnologiestorealizeoptimizationofcellularIoTcorenetworkarchitecture.

1.Terminology

Term

Description

CIoT

CellularIoT

CP

ControlPlane

DCN

DedicatedCoreNetwork

eDRX

extendedDiscontinuousReception

eMTC

enhancedMachineTypeCommunication

EPC

EvolvedPacketCore

EPS

EvolvedPacketSystem

GW

Gateway

IoT

InternetofThings

LPWA

Low-PowerWide-Area

MME

MobilityManagementEntity

MNO

MobileNetworkOperator

MTC

MachineTypeCommunications

NAS

Non-AccessStratum

NB-IoT

NarrowbandIoT

PO

pagingopportunity

PSM

PowerSavingMode

SCEF

ServiceCapabilityExposureFunction

SMS

Shortmessageservice

UE

UserEquipment

UP

UserPlane

2.AssumptionsandScope

ThiswhitepaperprovidesanoverviewofmobilecorenetworkarchitecturewhichisoptimizedtosupportvariedIoTservices,withleveragingNFVtechnique.FromtheperspectiveofmassiveIoTservices,thisdocumentdescribesIoTservicerequirements,architecturalrequirement,EPCoptimizedarchitecturetosupportNB-IoTorenhancedMTCdevices,andservicecapabilityexposurearchitecture.

3.CellularIoTServicesOverview

3.1.ChallengestoCellularIoT

InternetofThings(IoT)isthenetworkinwhichphysicalobjectsexchangeinformationwiththeInternet.AnIoTterminalcancommunicatewitheachotherthroughtheInternet.Withitswideapplicationsinindustryandhumanlife,IoTservicesrequiredifferenttransmissionrates,asshowninthefollowingfigure.

Figure3.1-1IoTtechnologycomparison

High-endapplicationswithahighspeed,suchasvideosurveillanceandelectronic

advertising.Currently,theseapplicationscanbeimplementedontheUMTS/LTEnetworkofcarriers,andtherearenotanynon-3GPPtechnologiesposingathreattothe3GPPtechnologyintheseapplications.

Mid-rangeapplicationswithamediumspeed,suchassmarthousehold,pointofsale(POS)

machines.TheseapplicationsconsumelowpowerandcanbeimplementedontheenhancedMachineTypeCommunication(eMTC),whichrequiresadatarateoflessthan1Mbit/s.

Low-endapplicationswithalowspeed,suchasintelligentmeterreadingandlow-end

vehicle-mounteddevices,whichareestimatedtoaccountfor70%oftheIoTmarket.Non-3GPPtechnologiessuchasLoRaandSigFoxhavebeendeployedonunlicensedspectrum.Tocompetewiththesenon-3GPPtechnologies,carriersandvendorsjointlyproposeabrand-newairinterfacetechnologyNB-IoT,whichrequiresadatarateoflowerthan100kbit/s,meetingtherequirementsoflowcost,lowpowerconsumption,andwidecoverage.

Inthefuture,theremaybeextra-lowdelayapplicationssuchasself-drivingandLTE-Vthatisbeingresearchedby3GPP.Theseapplicationsarecurrentlynotincludedinthisdocument.

3.2.Progressin3GPPSpecificationsandIndustryDevelopment

In3GPPRAN#69ConferenceheldinSeptember2015,theNarrowbandInternetofThings(NB-IoT)projectwassuccessfullyinitiated,whichwasexpectedtocompeteinthelow-speedIoTmarket.NB-IoTisatypeofLowPowerWideArea(LPWA)IoTtechnologytypicallyappliedinintelligentmeterreading,intelligentparking,smartenvironmentalmonitoring,andintelligentagriculture.TheNB-IoTnetworkisrequiredtoprovide:

Enhancedcoverage:coveragewitha20dBgainwhencomparedwithGPRScoverageLowpowerconsumption:increasedbatterylifetimeformorethan10yearsLowcost:chipcostoflessthan1USDandmoduleoflessthan5USDinmassproduction

Massiveconnection:supportingupto50,000userspercell

Note:Thebatterylife,connectionquantityisestimatedbasedonthetrafficmodelfromthe3GPPTR45.820.

In3GPPRAN#72ConferenceheldinPusan,SouthKoreaonJune16,2016,NB-IoTwasaddedto3GPPR13specificationsasanimportantsubject.ThekeyNB-IoTstandardswidelysupportedbythewirelessindustryhavebeenfinalizedoverthe2-yearperiod.NB-IoTadoptsabrand-newairinterfacetechnology.IoTcanalsobesupportedwiththeevolutionofLTE.TosupportIoTapplications,LTEcanbeevolvedtoimplementLTE-Machine-To-Machinecommunications.In3GPPR12specifications,machinetypecommunication(MTC)ispresented,withCAT-0terminalswhoseuplinkordownlinkdatarateis1Mbit/s.In3GPPR13specifications,eMTCispresented,withCAT-M1terminals.ThesoftwarefeaturesoftheIoTnetworkaredesignedaccordingtoeMTCtechnologies.Thecoverageisenhancedwitha15dBgain,andtheterminalcostisfurtherreduced.Thismeetsthewide-coverageandlow-costrequirementsoflow-speedIoT.

BothNB-IoTandeMTCareimplementedbasedontheS1link.Theyaredifferentindataratesaswellasthefollowingcorenetworkcharacteristics:

In3GPPspecifications,anenumerationvalue"NB-IoT"isaddedtotheRATtypedefinedfor

NB-IoTbutnotforeMTC.Therefore,UEsaccessingthenetworkthroughtheNB-IoTRANcanbeidentifiedupontheiraccess.

NB-IoTdoesnotsupportvoiceservices.eMTCsupportsallLTEfeaturesaslongasterminals

supportingeMTCareused.

ThoughenhancedCellularInternetofThings(CIoT)featuresdefinedin3GPPR13

specificationscanbeappliedinbothNB-IoTandeMTC,theirapplicationsaredifferent.(Thefeaturesincludecontrol-planetransmissionoptimization,user-planetransmissionoptimization,eDRX,PSM,non-IPdatadelivery,andservicecapabilityexposure.)Forexample,control-planetransmissionoptimizationismandatoryinNB-IoTbutisoptionalineMTC.

3.3.CellularIoTServicesUseCases

3.3.1UseCaseOverview

TheLPWAmarkethasexistedforabout10years;it’snotanewthing.Thecurrenttechnologies(solutions)supportingthismarketarefragmentedandnon-standardized,thereforethereareshortcomingslikepoorreliability,poorsecurity,highoperationalandmaintenancecosts.Furthermore,thenewoverlaynetworkdeploymentiscomplex.CIoTovercomestheabovedefects,withalltheadvantageslikewideareaubiquitouscoverage,fastupgradeofexistingnetwork,low-powerconsumptionguaranteeing10yearbatterylife,highcoupling,lowcostterminal,plugandplay,highreliabilityandhighcarrier-classnetworksecurity.Initialnetworkinvestmentmaybequitesubstantialandsuperimposedcostsareverylittle.CIoTperfectlymatchesLPWAmarketrequirements,enablingoperatorstoenterthisnewfield.CIoTenablesoperatorstooperatetraditionalbusinessessuchasSmartMetering,Tracking,byvirtueofultra-low-cost($5to$10)modulesandsuperconnectivity(100K/Cell),alsoopensupmoreindustryopportunities,forexample,SmartCity,eHealth.CIoTmakesitpossibleformorethingstobeconnected,butalsomanagingthecommercialvalueoftheresultingBigDataisabigtask,

operatorscancarryoutcooperationwithrelatedindustries,inadditiontosellingconnections,theycanalsoselldata.

3.3.2.UserCase1:Metering

Smartmeteringhelpssavemanpowerbyremotelycollectingelectricity,waterandgasmeterdataoverthecellularnetwork.ThisisgainingquiteanamountofmomentumwithmostofthetopMNOstakinganinterestinthistopicmainlyduetothemarketopportunityitpresents.Smartmeteringwillconsequentlyhelpcutdowncostgeneratedfrommanualmeterreadingandchangingofmeterbatteries,whichseemstobethetwomajorcostdriversforconventionalmetering.Smartmeteringincludessmartmetersforwater,gasandelectricity.

3.3.3.UserCase2:Assetmonitoring

Assettrackingmainlydealswithmonitoringmethodsofphysicalassetsmadepossiblebyamoduleontheassetbroadcastingitslocation.AssetsareusuallytrackedusingGPStechnology.Thisserviceisbestleveragedinthelogisticsandtransportationmanagementindustry,whereusingsensorsinmodulessendinginformationoverthecellularnetworkitispossibletogatherandmanagedatarelatingtothecurrentgeographicallocationofassets.Assettrackinghelpstheownersoftheassetstodetectandpreemptivelyreacttounexpectedevents.

4.CellularIoTCoreNetworkArchitecturalRequirements

4.1.RequirementsfromServiceaspect

Theenergy-efficientandlow-complexityIoTdevices(e.g.smartenergydistributiongridsystemoragricultureIoTdevices)areexpectedbeingconnectedthroughcellularnetworkwithfollowingcapabilitiesexpectationsfromthemobilenetwork:

SupportpowersavingmodeofIoTdevicesforlesspowerconsumption,ifIoTdevicehas

equippedwithpowercontrolfunctions.

SupportsimplifiedconnectionestablishprocedurebetweenIoTdeviceandnetwork.Supportdelay-tolerantcapabilitywithlongtermcachingmechanism.

4.2.RequirementsfromNetworkOperationaspect

4.2.1.NetworkFlexibility

TheCIoTcorenetworkarchitectureisexpectedtobeflexibleenoughtosupportvarietyofIoTdevicesandapplications,toapproachtheefficiencyofresourceutilizationincorenetworkwhenhandlingvarioustrafficmodels,itisexpectedCIoTcorenetworktosupportfollowingcapabilities: NetworkFunctionVirtualization(NFV)isasignificanttechnologywhichcanmaketheCIoT

networkmoreflexiblebyrealizingnetworkfunctionsaspuresoftwarecomponents.Also,NFVisenablertoapproachtheprogrammabilityofnetworkfunctionswhenprovisioningofnewemergingservices.

Separationofcontrolplanesanddataplanescanfurtherenabletheflexibledeploymentand

dimensioningofcontrolplaneanduserplanecomponentsindependently.

Ifpossible,acorenetworkcanincludemultipleisolatedlogicalnetworkstailoredtosupport

differentservicecategoriesorsubscribergroups.Furthermore,supportcreatingthelogicalnetworkinstanceon-demand.

4.2.2.NetworkScalability

ComparingtotraditionalLTEUEs,thetrafficgeneratedbyaverylargenumberofconnectedlow-complexityIoTdevicestypicallywillbearelativelylowvolumeofnon-delay-sensitivedataandcorrespondingsignaling.However,consideringthatonecorenetworknodeservesahugeamountofsuchIoTservices,MNOexpectsthenetworkarchitecturetosupport: capacityscalablewhenmeetingtemporaryintensivebursttraffic

preventsignalinganduserdatacongestionraisedfrommassivenumberofIoTdevices.

4.2.3.NetworkCapabilityExposure

Toallowthe3rdpartytoaccessinformationregardingservicesprovidedbythecIoTnetwork(e.g.subscribersubscriptioninformation,connectivityinformation,mobilityinformation,etc.),theCIoTcorenetworkarchitectureisexpectedtoprovideopeninterfaces(APIs)forthe3rdpartytoaccess/exchangenetworkinformation,thatincludes:

Supporttheunifiednetworkcapabilityexposureinterfacesviacentralizedfunctions.Supportacquiringinformation(e.g.network/connectivityinformation)andprovidingthem

tothe3rdparty.

Supporttoexposenetworkcapabilitiestothe3rdpartyapplicationslocatedwithinthe

operatordomainclosetotheedgeofthenetwork,oroutsidetheoperatordomain.

4.2.4.Automatednetworkmanagement

Accompanyingwithincreasingnumberofnetworkelementsandcomplexityofthecorenetwork,automatednetworkmanagementbecomesmoreandmoreimportanttoreducetheOPEXandmaintainthenetworkinoptimizedoperationmode.Torealizethisobjective,itisexpectedthatcIoTnetworksupportsfollowingrelatedcapabilities;

Supportaunifiedend-to-endnetworkmanagementtoensurecompatibilityandflexibility

fortheOAMofanCIoTnetwork.

SupportCIoTdedicatedperformancemanagementandconfigurationmanagement.Supportautomatedoptimizationmechanismtohandlevarioustrafficmodelshift.Supportautomatedhealingmechanismtoavoidormitigateserviceimpactwhenfault

happen.

5.KeytechnologiesinCIoTCoreNetworkArchitectureDesign

5.1.Overview

Accordingtoarchitecturalrequirementsidentifiedinthechapter4,followingkeytechnologieswouldbeconsideredwhendesigningaCIoTcorenetworkarchitecture:

Networkfunctionvirtualization.

CorenetworkarchitectureoptimizationtosupportRANIoTrelatedfeatures.Servicecapabilityexposure.

5.2.NetworkFunctionVirtualization

Torealizenetworkflexibilityobjective,theCIoTisexpectedtosupportdeploymentsinvirtualizedenvironments.NFVisatechnologyenablerwhichisrelevanttoalargeamountofusecasesincludingwhatwereidentifiedinthechapter4.Thiskeyissuewilldeterminethemanagement

architectureimpactsduetonewcharacteristicofVNFmanagement,forexample,VNFlifecyclemanagementoperations(i.e.VNFinstantiation,scaling,andtermination).

5.3.CoreNetworkArchitectureOptimization

Tofulfillvariousarchitecturalrequirementfrombothserviceandoperationaspects,itisrecommendedtooptimizetheexistingcorenetworkarchitecturetoreflecttheenhancementregardingservicecharacteristic.Thiskeyissuewilldeterminethepotentialsolutionstomeetidentifiedservicerequirements,including(non-exclusive):

SupportpowersavingmodeofIoTdevices

Optimizethesignalingproceduretoreducetheexchangedmessageamountorleadtolower

thecomplexityofIoTdevices

Supportlogicalnetworkinstanceisolationifmultiplelogicalnetworkinstancesaredeployed.

5.4.ServiceCapabilityExposure

Toofferon-demandorcustomizedIoTservicestoIoTserviceprovider,theCIoTnetworkisrequiredtoprovideopeninterfacestoallowthe3rdpartytoaccessnetworkinformationortoconsumeauthorizednetworkcapabilities.

6.NFVbasednetworkarchitectureandmanagement

6.1.NFVOverview

ToaddressforCIoTservicecharactersinoperatornetworkandadapttotheTTMandTTCrequirementforCIoTdeployment,thedeploymentofNFVandSDNtechnologyinoperatornetworkisakeysolution.ItiswellacceptedinwholetelecomindustrythatNFVbasednetworkframeisthekeytechnologyandenablerforfuturenetworkevolution,andCIoTwillchangeinformationindustrydeeplyandchangethebusinessmodelofoperatorandvendor.Tie1operatorsinglobalhasstartedthepaceofNFV&SDNtransformationtobuildupandtoprovidetypicalCIoTUCs,itisexpectedbasedonLTE/EPCevolution,variousCIoTserviceswillbedeployedoverNFV/SDNcorenetworkarchitecture.

NFVbasednetworkarchitecturehasmuchbenefitscomparedwithlegacyplatform:

ReduceoperatorCAPEXandOPEXbythedecoupleofnetworkfunctionforSWand

HWaswellasautomaticallydeploymentofoperatorservice,itsavesalotofoperatorCAPEXandOPEX.

Newbusinessmodelinformationindustryincludingoperatornetworkinterworks

inmuchmoreflexibilityinNFVnetworkarchitecture,andinsametimenetworkexposurecapabilitytriggersmorebusinessmodelforCIoTup-spring.

FlexibilitythenetworkfunctionisdeployedinformofSWandchainedtogetherby

theorchestration,theservicenetworktopologyandcapacityaredeployedinbigflexibilityandscalability.

Automationoperatorinfrastructurenetworkandservicenetworkworksinwayof

automationthatcapabilityandscalablecapacitybedeployedbybusinesscentralizedorchestrator.

Os-Ma

OSS/BSS

Se-Ma

Service,VNFandInfrastructure

Description

EMS2

VNF2

EMS1

VNF1

Ve-Vnfm

EMS3

VNFManager(s)

Or-Vi

VNF3

Vn-Nf

NFVI

Virtual

Virtual

Virtual

Computing

Storage

Network

VirtualisationLayer

Hardwareresources

ComputingStorageNetwork

HardwareHardwareHardware

Nf-Vi

Vl-Ha

6.2.NFVarchitectureOverview

NFVtechnicalinitiativeanditsspecificationclusterisspecifiedbyETSIIndustrySpecificationGroup(ISG),accordingtospecificationofNetworkFunctionsVirtualization(NFV)byETSIGSNFV002,NFVarchitectureisdescribedasFigure6.2-1.

NFVManagementandOrchestration

Orchestrator

Or-Vnfm

Vi-Vnfm

Virtualised

Infrastructure

Manager(s)

ExecutionreferencepointsOtherreferencepointsMainNFVreferencepoints

Figure6.2-1NFVarchitecture

InframeofNFVarchitectureSW/HWisdecoupledandHWresourcesisrepresentedascomputinghardware、storagehardwareandnetworkhardware,whicharevirtualizedbyhypervisor.TheuseofhypervisorsisoneofthetypicalsolutionsforthedeploymentofVNF(VirtualNetworkFunction),VM(VirtualMachine)isbuilduponhypervisorandoperator’sVNFisenvisionedtobedeployedononeorseveralVMs.VNFmayalsoincludesoftwarerunningontopofanon-virtualizedserverbymeansofanoperatingsystem.

FromNFV'spointofview,virtualizedinfrastructuremanagementcomprisesthefunctionsthatareusedtocontrolandmanagetheinteractionofaVNFwithcomputing、storageandnetworkresources,aswellastheirvirtualization.Accordingtohardwareresourcesspecifiedinthearchitecture,theVirtualizedInfrastructureManagerperformstheSW/HWresourceinventorymanagement,allocatesandmanagesvirtualizedresourceforVM/VNFandrelevantnetworkconnectivity;italsofulfillsalarmandperformancemanagementofSW/HWresourceandothermanagementfunctions.

Operator’snetworkfunctionisvirtualizedasVNFwhichisdeployedin3rdpartnerHWresourcesinfrastructure.VNFismanagedbyVNFmanager,whichfulfillsVNFlifecyclemanagementandcoordinateswithorchestratortodonetworkservicedeployment.

EMSmanagesVNFFCAPS,andoperator’sOSS/BSSsystemworkstogetherwithNFVmanagementandorchestrationsystemimplementsserviceplan、servicedeploymentandservicelifecyclemanagementinwayoforchestrationandautomation.

6.3.NFVManagementArchitectureOverview

NFVmanagementsystemdomainiscomposedofmanagementandorchestrationMANOinshort.TheMANOarchitectureiscomposedofvirtualizedinfrastructuremanagementVIM、VNFmanagementVNFMandOrchestrator.

ETSIGSNFV-MAN001specifiedNFVmanagementarchitectureastheFigure6.3-1

Figure6.3-1NFVmanagementarchitecture

VIM、VNFMandOrchestratorinterworktomanageNFVIresourceandVNFlifecyclemanagement.MANOworkswithoperator’sOSS/BSSsystemtofulfillnetworkmanagement、analytics,itisresponsiblefordeploymentofnetworkserviceandVNFinstantiation.

BoardingNFVservicecatalogandVNFcatalogdescribesoperatorserviceswithNSDandVNFD;allnetworkservicesandVNFservicesinstantiatedismanagedinNFVrepository.OrchestratorkeepstheavailableNFVIresourceinrepository.

6.4.VNFLifecycleManagement

VNFworksasthevirtualnetworkfunctioninstancewhichchainedtogethertoprovideoperatornetworkservice.TheVNFisinstantiatedaccordingtoVNFcatalogtemplatebyVNFM,whichalsofulfillsallVNFinstancelifecyclemanagementincludes:

T6a

HSS

S1-MME

MSC

S10

E-UTRAN

CIoTUE

CIoTService

S1u

S6a

AccordingtoVNFcatalogtemplatetocreateaVNFinstance

ToScaleaVNFinstancecapacitywithscale-outandscaleinoperation

ToUpgradeVNFSWversionandtoupdateitsconfiguration

ToterminateaVNFandtoreleaseitsNFVIresource.

VNFlifecyclemanagementinterworkscloselywithOrchestratorandVIM,whichmanagesNFVIresourcemanagement.VNFMhasthecapabilitytomonitortheFACPSofVNFtotriggerVNFlifecyclemanagementactions.VNFMsuppliesservicetoorchestratorforVNFagilityandautomationmanagement.

6.5.NetworkServicemanagementandorchestration

NFVbasednetworkservicemanagementandorchestrationworkstogetherwithoperatorOSS/BSSsystemandworksasentrytomanageoperatornetworkagilityandautomation.VNFMandNFVIprovidetheagilecapabilityandservicetofulfillthenetworkservicedeployment.networkservicehasthecapabilitytochainVNFsandPNFstogethertosupportoperatornetworkmigration

IngeneralnetworkserviceOrchestratorlifecyclemanagementhasbelowfunctionsinoperatorNFVnetworkarchitecture.

Toboardanetworkserviceinformofcatalogtemplate.

Toinstantiateanetworkserviceaccordingtonetworkservicecatalogtemplateandtostore

itinNFVinstancerepository.

TomanageNetworkservicecapacitylikeagility

TomanagenetworkserviceupgradeslikeSWupgradesandcapacityexpansionTomanagenetworkservicelogicwithVNFFG

VNFFGcreationanddeletionaswellasupdate

NetworkserviceorchestratorinterworkscloselywithOSS/BSSsysteminoperator’snetworkNFVevolution.

7.CIoTCoreNetworkArchitectureandSolutions

7.1CIoTOptimizationEPCarchitecture(NB-IoTandeMTC)7.2.1.CIoTOptimizationEPCarchitecture

SCEF

S6t

MME

SGs

SGi

SGW

S5

PGW

S11

Figure7.2-1:OptimizedEPSarchitectureoptionforCIoT-Non-roamingarchitecture

7.2.2.NetworkFunctionsEnhancements

CIoTOptimizationEPCincludingMME,SGW,PGWandSCEFsupportsnecessaryfunctionalitiescomparedwiththeexistingEPScorenetworkelementsandsupportsatleastsomeofthefollowingCIoToptimizations:

ControlplaneCIoTEPSoptimizationforsmalldatatransmission.

UserplaneCIoTEPSoptimizationforsmalldatatransmission.

Necessarysecurityproceduresforefficientsmalldatatransmission.

SMSwithoutcombinedattachforNB-IoTonlyUEs.

Pagingoptimizationsforcoverageenhancements.

Supportfornon-IPdatatransmissionviaSGitunnelingand/orSCEF.

SupportforAttachwithoutPDNconnectivity.

7.2.3.ReferencePoints

Modifiedinterface:

S1-MME:ReferencepointforthecontrolplaneprotocolbetweenE-UTRANandMME.S5:Itprovidesuser