英语单词词性判断

•单词词性判断可以在词义的理解及书写句子方面帮助学生。名词有四数：可数与不可数，单数或复数；限定与动词不可忘。四数加限定！1.1.a/an/the+(adj.)+名词;Smiths2.adj.+名词；3.adv.+adj.+名词；◊4．介词+名词；◊5．形容词性物主代词+名词；◊6.数词+名词；◊7．缺的词在句中为主语，表语及时练习1：a/thebook;therichthedisabledtheabigstone;alongriver;interestingbooksaveryhonestboyintheroom;underconstructionmysurprise;hishonestyfivegirls;宾语时多为名词。 Theyhavebooks.1．Therehasbeena30%growthinthe （市场）forpersonalcomputers.3．Hehasdiscoveredalotof （发现）inscience.5．IamsorrythatIcan'tattendthe （讲座）onAmericanhistory.6．Shestartedasasuccessfulmerchantbutendedupasa （乞丐）.Therewasasurprised （表情）onherface.8．Ourcityhasexperiencedgreat （变化）inthepastfewyearsPleasegivemy （祝贺）whenyouseeher.Jacktookadeep （呼吸）andthendivedintothewater.11.01iverwasunabletogivepolicea （描述）ofhisattack.12.Thecarwasa （廉价货）attheprice.动词—名词练习：achieve add argue arrive respond retire rude save sail sell 1.market3discoveries5.lecture6beggar7.expression8changes9.congratulations10.breath11.description12.bargain及时练习2：指出下列文中的名词：Intheearly1990s,theword“Internet”wasstrangetomostpeople.Buttoday,Internethasbecomeausefultoolforpeopleallovertheworld.MaybeInternethasbeenthegreatestinventioninthefieldofcommunicationinthehistoryofmankind（人类）.CommunicatingwithothersontheInternetismuchfaster.Wecanchatwithapersonwhoissittingintheotherpartoftheworld.Wecane-mailourfriendsandtheycanreadthee-mailswithinaminute.GivingallkindsofinformationisprobablythebiggestadvantageoftheInternet.Wecanusesearchenginestofindtheinformationweneed.Justtypeinakeywordorkeywordsandthesearchenginewillgiveusalistofsuitablewebsitestolookat.WecanenjoyalotontheInternetbydownloadinggames,visitingchatroomsorsurfing（浏览）websites.Therearesomegamesforfree.Wecanmeetnewandinterestingpeopleinthechatnow.Wecanalsolistentomusicandseefilms.怎样确定名词的单数或复数；可数或不可数§确定名词单数或复数的方法：由名词前面的数词：1.Ihaveseveral （书）ontheshelf.2.Thisbuscancarry60 （乘客）.2．由名词后的动词单数或复数（即主谓一致）:The （建议）arereasonableandsomeofuswillacceptthem.由句意：Our （教授）heldameetingabouthowtoimproveourEnglish.Whatisthebest-knownchainoffast-food （餐馆）intheworld.※及时练习3：判断下列名词正误：Theyoftenhavefish,meatandvegetableforsupper.Mrs.Smithgetswellalongwithherneighbor.Theyhadonlythreemealofsoupeveryday.DickenswroteOliverTwistintheyear1837-1838.Hisnewplaywasagreatsucceed.Theanimalsareusefultothedesertpeopleinmanyway.Asheexploredthesea，hetookpictureandvideosofmanythingthatpeoplehadneverseenbefore.Theyweregivenkindsofbreakfast，andsometimestheygotnobreakfastatall.Schoolchildwalkedwiththeirshirts，coatsandanythingelsetheycouldfindpulledupovertheirnose.Themiddlepartofthe20thcenturybroughtnewwaystohelppeoplegetoverdisease.Toomanytreeshavebeencutthisyears.Theyusecamelsforcarryingwater，food，tentsandanotherthings.§确定名词可数或不可数的方法：注意三类名词：总是不可数的名词：1）物质名词：furniture,equipment,2）抽象名词：advice,progress,news,fun,truth,milk,ink,rice,…根据名词本身的意义：1）物质名词：water（水Q,水域日）,rain（雨水甘，一场雨§）2）抽象名词：experience（经验U，经历砂,pleasure（愉快U，乐事0,success（成功日，成功的人|0,failure（失败0，失败的人或事@）,pity（遗憾Q，遗憾的事@）,surprise（惊讶R，惊讶的事日），个体名词总是可数名词：book,desk,限定词：限定词是位于名词或名词词组之前，对他们在特指、泛指或数量等方面起限定作用的一类词。Sheshowedacertainelegance.Thejudgedivorcedthecouple.Hehasgotsomebrains（智慧）！

限定词与形容词的区别主要是：限定词只对名词起限定作用（有些限定词也可用作其他词性，如代词等），而形容词则描述名词的特征、状态等：Welivedinsmallhouse.fWelivedinasmallhouse.house是个体名词，一般来说，个体名词是可数名词，有单数复数形式，单数形式的个体名词（可数名词）除在部分习语或固定搭配中外，一般不可单独使用，须根据具体情况与冠词、不定代词、指示代词或其它限定词连用,或使用其复数形式。练习：改正下列错误：1.SheshouldbeabletogetjobinEurope.3.Howdidaccidenthappen?3.Howdidaccidenthappen?5.Doyouhaveclassthis7.SheisEnglishteacher.Iwillgiveyouotherchancetoproveyourself.morning?6.ImportantproductofSouthAfricaarefruitandgold.由于动词在句中有谓语和非谓语两种形式，可根据所缺单词在句中充当的成分来判断此处是否为动词。一．一般情况下：1.is,am,are,was,were,◊2.will（would）,can（could）,must,may,...3.has...,have...,had...，don't,didn't,doesn't...4.V+s:goes,likes,.5.动词原型：want/go/以上4项为确定的谓语动词。句中有了确定的谓语动词后其它的动词形如V-ing/todo/done（-ed）的为非谓语动词。YouwanttoknowaboutmystayinginAmerica,right?Well,totellyouthetruth,itisreallyaneye-openingexperiencetostudyhere.InChina,IhadEnglishclassesfivetimesaweeksincefifthgrade.However,Ididn'tknowhowdifferenttextbookEnglishcouldbefromeverydayEnglishuntilIcametoHotchkissSchool,Connecticut.WhenIfirststudiedEnglish,Iwastoldtosay,“Iamfine.”whenpeoplesay“Howareyou?”ButintheUS,Ifoundthatpeoplesay,“Iamgood.”or“I'mtired.”Oneday,someonegreetedmewith“What'sup?”Itmademeconfused.IthoughtforamomentandthensmiledbecauseIdidn'tknowwhattosay.谓语动词的判断：主动形式：如何主语实施了谓语动作，意义完整，就是表达主动关系。TOC\o"1-5"\h\zHeinvitedtotheparty. （ ）Heinvitedmetotheparty. （ ）Hewasinvitedtotheparty. （ ）Hewasinvitedhimtotheparty.（ ）被动形式：如果主语没有实施谓语动词动作而是承受了该动作，应该用be+done形式表示，只有过分只能表示被动关系。Helookedthismorning. （ ）Theboytooktotheschool. （ ）Thepatientsenttothehospital. （ ）Theshocksandfirescausedbytheearthquakedestroyedthevillage.（ ）动词与名词的判断：I'mreadytomatchmystrengthagainstyours.我已经准备好与你较量力气。Hethoughthecouldbeatanyoneattennis,buthe'smethismatchinher.他以为他打网球所向无敌，但遇到她却是旗鼓相当。afootballmatch足球比赛Sheisthepictureofhermother.她活像她的妈妈。Itishardtopicturelifeahundredyearsago.我们很难想象一百年前人们的生活。Haveyouseenanygoodfilmslately?你最近看过什么好电影吗？Thetelevisioncompanyisfilminginourtown.电视公司正在我们镇上扌白片子。若所缺单词为修饰语则考虑形容词和副词。形容词的主要句法作用为表语和定语，用来说明或修饰名词、代词的词称为形容词，据此可判断所缺是否为形容词；副词一般主要用来修饰形容词，副词，动词或整个句子，据此可判断所缺单词是否为副词。形容词的学习：在下列结构中应该用形容词：◊a+adj+natallboy写一写： ◊be+adj. Heistall.写一写： ◊keep/find/make/think...itadj.to/that ◊be+as+adj.+as do+as+adv.+as*beso/too/very/how/however+adj.（不用adv.）1）形容词在句子中的句法作用及位置：⑴作定语时放在名词的前面。形容词修饰名词。结构：a/an/... 名词LiMeiisabeautifulcitygirl. ThenewstudentcomesfromJapan. Myfather'scarisveryexpensive. TheEnglishstoryisveryinteresting. ★少数形容词只能作定语这些形容词包括little,live（活着的）,elder,eldest等，只能作定语，不能作表语。例如：（正）Myelderbrotherisadoctor. （误）MybrotheriselderthanI.（正）Thisisalittlehouse. （误）Thehouseislittle.（正）Doyouwantlivefishordeadone? （误）Theoldmonkeyisstilllive.★貌似副词的形容词：lonely,friendly,lively,lovely,likely,deadly,daily,weekly,★后置的情况：①修饰复合不定代词时放在代词之后。如：Somethingseroushashappenedtohim.（他发生了严重的事故）Everyminutethereis goingonhere.A.excitingsomethingB.somethingexcitingC.excitinganythingD.anythingexcitingThisriverisabout5feet .A.deepB.widelyC.depthD.length⑵作表语时放在连系动词之后，构成系表结构。结构：连系动词+形容词。如:Theideasoundsgreat.连系动词主要有：be（am,is,are）,look（看起来）,sound（听起来），smell（闻起来），taste（尝起来），feel（感到，摸起来）.结构:look/sound/smell/taste/feel/seem/.形容词look/sound/smell/taste/feel/seem/...副词（-ly/very/so/...）+形容词Thesouptastedverydelicious.★少数形容词只能作表语这些形容词包括ill,asleep,awake,alone,afraid,well,worth,glad,unable等，只能作表语，不能作定语。（表语形容词）例如:（误）Mr.Liisanafraidman.（误（误）Mr.Liisanafraidman.（误）Thisisanillperson.（误）Thatisaworthbook.（正）Theoldmanwasillyesterday.（正）Thisplaceisworthvisiting.练习：判断下列形容词所充当的成分:asmallGermantown 2.alightbluesweater 3.It'snothingserious.Hefeelslonely. 5.Tomistall 6.Johnlookssohappy.Themanlookedatmewitha smile.A.friendB.friendsC.friendlyD.friendlilyTheneighborsvisittheoldman,sohedoesn'tfeel atall.A.friendlyB.lovely C.lonely D.livelyB.wonderfullyC.wellD.4.Theflowersinthegardensmell .A.nicelynice5.The boyhasbeeninhospitalforamonth.A.illB.sickC.afraidD.alone6.Don'teatthemeat.Itsmells .A.terribleB.badlyC.deliciousD.good7.Hereisa mouse.Wasitkilledbyyourcat?A.dieB.diedC.deathD.deadE.deadly8.Marylooks athome.A.happyB.happilyC.happierD.morehappyMarylooks atthemodelintheroom.A.happyB.happilyC.happierD.morehappy9.Ihave todotoday.A.anythingimportantB.somethingimportantC.importantnothingD.importantsomething10.Whata cough！Youseem ill.A.terrible，terriblyB.terribly，terribleC.terrible，terrible D.terribly，terribly⑶作宾语补足语时放在宾语之后。如::Wemusttryourbesttokeepourenvironmentclean.★keep/find/make/think+宾语+形容词（作宾补）练习：1.Youmustkeepyoureyes whenyoudoeyeexercises.A.closeB.openC.closedD.openedWeshouldtryourbesttomakeourlife .A.wellB.beautifullyC.wonderfulD.bad改错：1.I'msurewe'llhaveawonderfullytimetogether.Theroomissonoise.Thefishhasgonebad.Ittastesterribly.I'msureyourillnessiscausedbysomethingseriously.Themixtureofcoffee,milk,andsugartastesdifferentlyfromtea.⑷.“the+形容词”用作主语及宾语，作主语时用作复数。ThedeadthelivingtherichthepoortheblindthehungryTheoldoftenthinkofoldthings.老年人经常回想往事。Thenewalwaystaketheplaceoftheold.新生事物总是会取代旧的事物。1)Therich oftengreedy.A.areB.isC.was D.wereThepoorarelosinghope.副词的学习、用来说明事情发生时间、地点、原因、方式等含义或说明其它形容词或副词程度的词叫做副词。1、副词的分类：（见下表）时间副词频度副词地点/方位副词程度副词方式副词疑问/连接副词其他副词today,tomorrow,yesterday,now,then,early,late,once,soon,just,tonight,long,already,yet,before,ago,later,eversinceafter,wheneverfirst,someday,sometime,last,oncetwicealwaysusuallyoftensometimesnever(seldom)everhere,there,home,below,anywhere,above,outside,in,inside,out,back,up,downaway,off,far,near,nearby,wherevereverywhere,very,too,enough,rather,quite,how,so,much,just,nearly,onlyalmost,hardly,aslongas等，even,all,alittle,abitwell,hard,alone,fast,together,suddenly,how,where,when,why,whetherhowever,etc.too,also,nor,so,as,on,off,either,yes,no,not,neithermaybe,perhaps,certainly,-ly结尾的副词关系副词以-ly结尾的词大都疋副词where,why,when,副词的用法：1、 修饰动词：singhappily,greetsb.politely,talkloudly,listencarefully,rainheavily,singnicely2、 修饰形容词:badlyill,trulysorry,reallysorry副词的构成：大多数情况下由形容词+ly： quiet---quietly correct---correctlypolite---politely以le结尾的形容词：-—y terrible一terribly,gentle一gently，(im)possible一(im)possibly,comfortable一comfortably,simple一simply以y结尾的形容词：-y—ily：easy---easilyhappy---happilyheavy---heavily一些形容词本身也是副词：long,early,fast,hard，straight部分形容词和副词是两个完全不同的词：good一well二、写出下列形容词的副词：1.bad2.bright3.careful4.clear5.soft6.correct7.excited&free9.loud10.neat11.slow12.close13.polite14.nice15.possible16.fortable18.terrible19.simple20.angry21.happy22.heavy23.noisy24.easy25.hard26.fast27.good28.true29.late三、副词在句子中的位置以及作用：★（副词可以修饰动词、形容词或副词，也可放句首修饰整个句子。）1）修饰动词时放在该动词后（主要以方式副词-ly或程度副词为主）：It'srainingheavily.练习：1.Helookedatit again.A.careB.carefulnessC.carefulD.carefullyPleasedoyourhomework .(careful)Theworkisn'thard.Icanfinishit .(easy)Thegirl'svoicesounds .Maybeshecanbecomeagoodsingerwhenshegrowsup.A.sweetB.sweetlyC.beautifullyThefiremenhavesavedtheboyfromthefire (successful).2)修饰形容词或副词时，放在该词前面。Youarequiteright.Don'tridetoofast.NeitherTomnorSusancanswimverywell.练习：1.Whata cough!Youseem ill.A.terrible,terriblyB.terribly,terribleC.terrible,terribleD.terrible,terriblyThecheesecaketastedso thatthekidsaskedformore.A.deliciousB.wellC.badD.badly—Whosepictureisbetter,Jack'sorTom's?一Bothofthemaregood.IthinkJackdraws Tom.A.asgoodasB.aswellasC.betterthan D.worsethanThechildrenalllooked atthebrokenmodelplaneandfeltquite A.sad,sadB.sadly,sadlyC.sad,sadlyD.sadly,sadThismathproblemis andIcandoit .A.easy,easilyB.easily,easilyC.easy,easyD.easily,easyThiskindofcaketastes .A.goodB.wellC.tobegoodD.tobewell四、填入正确的形容词或副词(注意区分形容词与副词，名词与副词，名词与形容词)Sheisgoodatswimming.Shecanswimvery (good).The (early)birdsgettheworms(虫).So,wehavetogetup (early).Dickwalkedintothelivingroom (quiet).4.Susanlooked (happy)attheparty.Marielooks (happy)atthecat. 6.A (hard)workerworks (hard).The (careful)driverdrives (careful).Mypursewasstolenonthebusyesterday. (luck),therewasnomoneyinit.Mobilephonesare (wide)usedinmostofthecitiesinChina.Heputonhiscoatandwentout (quick).Sheis (good)thanLiPingatswimming.AlotChinesepeopleare (pride)ofYaoMing,afamousbasketballstarinNBA.一nemoresatellitewassentupintospaceinChinainMay.一Right.Thegovernmentspoke ofthat.(high)Allieaskedme (polite)toputthethingsaway.It'ssnowinghard.Youmustdrive (careful).一Thisdigitalcameraisreallycheap!一The ,thebetter.(cheap)I'mshortofmoney,yousee.Hainanisaverylargeisland.It'sthesecond (large)islandinChina.五、用所给单词的适当形式填空Jackgetup todaythanyesterday.(early)

Pleasedoyourhomework .（careful）Heistootiredtogoany .（far）LeLeiruns （fast）thanI,buthedoesn'trunas （fast）asmybrother.ExerciseFiveis thanExerciseFour.（difficult）Heismuch thanI.（thin）Thereis waterintheglassthanthebottle.（little）Hehasbeenillforfewdays.Hefeelseven today.（bad）Lasttermhestudiedhard.Heisgoingtostudy thisterm.（hard）改错：*Youalwaysgavemespeciallyattention.*Itisrealagoodchancetohavemetallofyouhere.*Myhometownhastakenonanewlook.Howgreatithaschanged!Thefishhasgonebad.Ittastesterribly.I'msureyourillnessiscausedbysomethingmoreseriouslythanoverwork.Thenewheadmasterismuchmoreyoungerthantheoldone.WithouttheInternet,we'llfinditconvenienttocommunicatewithothers.5.Themixtureofcoffee,milk,andsugartastesdifferentlyfromtea.Peopleathomeandabroadhavebeengreathelpedbythenewcomputer.You'llneverimaginehowgoodhe'sdoinginhisstudieshereinCambridge.Weeatsimpleathomeanddonotwanttospendlotsofmoneyonfood.Theylistenedtohis