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绝密★启用前2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新高考Ⅰ卷)英语注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。APOETRYCHALLENGEWriteapoemabouthowcourage,determination,andstrengthhavehelpedyoufacechallengesinyourlife.Prizes3GrandPrizes:TriptoWashington,D.C.foreachofthreewinners,aparentandoneotherpersonofthewinner’schoice.Tripincludesround-tripairtickets,hotelstayfortwonights,andtoursoftheNationalAirandSpaceMuseumandtheofficeofNationalGeographicWorld.6FirstPrizes:ThebookSkyPioneer:APhotobiographyofAmeliaEarhartsignedbyauthorCorinneSzaboandpilotLindaFinch.50HonorableMentions:Judgeswillchooseupto50honorablementionwinners,whowilleachreceiveaT-shirtinmemoryofEarhart’sfinalflight.RulesFollowallrulescarefullytopreventdisqualification.■Writeapoemusing100wordsorfewer.Yourpoemcanbeanyformat,anynumberoflines.■Writebyhandortypeonasinglesheetofpaper.Youmayuseboththefrontandbackofthepaper.■Onthesamesheetofpaper,writeortypeyourname,address,telephonenumber,andbirthdate.■MailyourentrytousbyOctober31thisyear.1.Howmanypeoplecaneachgrandprizewinnertakeonthefreetrip?A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Six.2.Whatwilleachofthehonorablementionwinnersget?A.Aplaneticket. B.AbookbyCorinneSzabo.C.AspecialT-shirt. D.AphotoofAmeliaEarhart.3.Whichofthefollowingwillresultindisqualification?A.Typingyourpoemout. B.Writingapoemof120words.C.Usingbothsidesofthepaper. D.MailingyourentryonOctober30.BJeniferMauerhasneededmorewillpowerthanthetypicalcollegestudenttopursuehergoalofearninganursingdegree.ThatwillpowerborefruitwhenJennifergraduatedfromUniversityofWisconsin-EauClaireandbecamethefirstinherlargefamilytoearnabachelor’sdegree.Mauer,ofEdgar,Wisconsin,grewuponafarminafamilyof10children.Herdadworkedatajobawayfromthefarm,andhermotherranthefarmwiththekids.Afterhighschool,Jenniferattendedalocaltechnicalcollege,workingtopayhertuition(学费),becausetherewasnoextramoneysetasideforacollegeeducation.Aftergraduation,sheworkedtohelphersistersandbrotherspayfortheirschooling.Jennifernowismarriedandhasthreechildrenofherown.Shedecidedtogobacktocollegetoadvancehercareerandtobeabletobettersupportherfamilywhiledoingsomethingsheloves:nursing.ShechosetheUW-EauClaireprogramatMinistrySaintJoseph’sHospitalinMarshfieldbecauseshewasabletopursueherfour-yeardegreeclosetohome.Shecoulddrivetoclassandbehomeintheeveningtohelpwithherkids.Jenniferreceivedgreatsupportfromherfamilyassheworkedtoearnherdegree:Herhusbandworkedtwojobstocoverthebills,andher68-year-oldmotherhelpedtakecareofthechildrenattimes.Throughitall,sheremainedingoodacademicstandingandgraduatedwithhonors.Jennifersacrificed(牺牲)toachievehergoal,givingupmanynightswithherkidsandmissingimportanteventstostudy.“Somenightsmyheartwasbreakingtohavetopickbetweenmykidsandstudyingforexamsorpapers,”shesays.However,herchildrenhavelearnedanimportantlessonwitnessingtheirmotherearnherdegree.Jenniferisafirst-generationgraduateandaninspirationtoherfamily—andthat’sprettypowerful.4.WhatdidJenniferdoafterhighschool?A.Shehelpedherdadwithhiswork.B.Sheranthefamilyfarmonherown.C.Shesupportedherselfthroughcollege.D.Shetaughthersistersandbrothersathome.5.WhydidJenniferchoosetheprogramatMinistrySaintJoseph’sHospitalinMarshfield?A.Totakecareofherkidseasily. B.Tolearnfromthebestnurses.C.Tosavemoneyforherparents. D.Tofindawell-paidjobthere.6.WhatdidJennifersacrificetoachievehergoal?A.Herhealth. B.Hertimewithfamily.C.Herreputation. D.Herchanceofpromotion.7.WhatcanwelearnfromJenifer’sstory?A.Timeismoney. B.Lovebreaksdownbarriers.C.Hardworkpaysoff. D.Educationisthekeytosuccess.CInthemid-1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.Heleftaftersevenmonths,physicallybrokenandhavinglosthismind.Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea:LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,wheremillionsofliveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangeland,andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway:Rustam,histranslator,alovely24-year-oldwhopickeduphiscolorfulEnglishinCalifornia,OlegandNatasha,hishostsinTashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral(葬礼)followedbyastrangedrinkingparty.AndinKarakalpakstan,heissaddenedbytheduststorms,diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmilesfromthesea.MrBissellskillfullyorganizeshistoricalinsightsandculturalreferences,makinghistaleawell-roundedpictureofUzbekistan,seenfromWesterneyes.HisjudgmentandreferencesaredecidedlyAmerican,aswellashisdelicatestomach.Astheauthorexplains,thisisneitheratravelnorahistorybook,orevenapieceofreportage.Whateveritis,theresultisafineandvividdescriptionofthepurestofCentralAsiantraditions.8.WhatmadeMrBissellreturntoUzbekistan?A.Hisfriends’invitation. B.Hisinterestinthecountry.C.Hisloveforteaching. D.Hisdesiretoregainhealth.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph2referto?A.Developingaseriousmentaldisease.B.TakingaguidedtourinCentralAsia.C.WorkingasavolunteerinUzbekistan.D.WritinganarticleabouttheAralSea.10.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMrBissell’sroadtripinUzbekistan?A.Romantic. B.Eventful. C.Pleasant. D.Dangerous.11.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A.Tointroduceabook. B.Toexplainaculturalphenomenon.C.Torememberawriter. D.Torecommendatraveldestination.DAccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions(份),it’sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits,theresearchersconductedtwoexperiments.Inthefirst,95undergraduatewomenwereindividuallyinvitedintoalabtoostensibly(表面上)participateinastudyaboutmovieviewership.Beforethefilmbegan,eachwomanwasaskedtohelpherselftoasnack.Anactorhiredbytheresearchersgrabbedherfoodfirst.Inhernaturalstate,theactorweighed105pounds.Butinhalfthecasessheworeaspeciallydesignedfatsuitwhichincreasedherweightto180pounds.Boththefatandthinversionsoftheactortookalargeamountoffood.Theparticipantsfollowedsuit,takingmorefoodthantheynormallywouldhave.However,theytooksignificantlymorewhentheactorwasthin.Forthesecondtest,inonecasethethinactortooktwopiecesofcandyfromthesnackbowls.Intheothercase,shetook30pieces.Theresultsweresimilartothefirsttest:theparticipantsfollowedsuitbuttooksignificantlymorecandywhenthethinactortook30pieces.Thetestsshowthatthesocialenvironmentisextremelyinfluentialwhenwe’remakingdecisions.Ifthisfellowparticipantisgoingtoeatmore,sowillI.Callitthe“I’llhavewhatshe’shaving”effect.However,we’lladjusttheinfluence.Ifanoverweightpersonishavingalargeportion,I’llholdbackabitbecauseIseetheresultsofhiseatinghabits.Butifathinpersoneatsalot,I’llfollowsuit.Ifhecaneatmuchandkeepslim,whycan’tI?12.Whatistherecentstudymainlyabout?A.Foodsafety. B.Movieviewership.C.Consumerdemand. D.Eatingbehavior.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"beanpoles"inparagraph1referto?A.Bigeaters. B.Overweightpersons.C.Pickyeaters. D.Tallthinpersons.14.Whydidtheresearchershiretheactor?A.Toseehowshewouldaffecttheparticipants.B.Totestiftheparticipantscouldrecognizeher.C.Tofindoutwhatshewoulddointhetwotests.D.Tostudywhyshecouldkeepherweightdown.15.Onwhatbasisdowe"adjusttheinfluence"accordingtothelastparagraph?A.Howhungryweare. B.Howslimwewanttobe.C.Howweperceiveothers. D.Howwefeelaboutthefood.第二节(共5小题:每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Someindividualsarebornwithagiftforpublicspeaking.16Doyouwanttobeagoodpublicspeaker?Herearesomeprinciplesyoumustmaster.Peoplewanttolistentosomeonewhoisinteresting,relaxedandcomfortable.Toooften,whenyoustanduptogiveaspeech,youfocusonthe“public”attheexpenseofthe“speaking.”17Focusonthespeaking.Talkdirectlytoyouraudience,beyourselfandmakeaconnection.Eventhemostsuccessfulpublicspeakerwillmakemistakes.Yet,theonlyonewhocaresaboutanymistakeistheonewhoisspeaking.People’sattentionwandersconstantly.Infact,mostpeopleonlyabsorbabout20percentofaspeaker’smessage.So,don’tstopspeakingwhenyoumakeamistakeunlessit’satrulyseriousone.18Yourgoalisnottobeaperfectpublicspeaker.19Andlikeeverythingelseinlife,thattakespractice.Remember,evenworldchampionathletespracticetheirskillsonaconsistentbasis.20It’sraretohearsomeonesay,“Iwishthatspeakerhadspokenlonger.”Ontheotherhand,youprobablycan’tcountthetimesthatyou’vethought,“I’mgladthattalkisover.Itseemedtogoonforever!”Sosurpriseyouraudience.Alwaysmakeyourpresentationjustabitshorterthananticipated.It’sbettertoleaveyourlistenerswishingformorethanshiftingrestlesslyintheirseatswaitingforyourspeechfinallytoend.A.Dotheopposite.B.Youwanttobeaneffectivepublicspeaker.C.Youdon’tneedtoapologizeforaminorslip.D.Whenitcomestopublicspeaking,lessisusuallymore.E.Theobjectiveofmostspeechesistobenefittheaudience.F.Takethefearoutofpublicspeakingbyfocusingonyourlisteners.GHowever,themajorityofpeopleareeffectivespeakersbecausetheytraintobe.第二部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共15小题:每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。MolaigrewupinatinyvillageinIndia.Thevillagelaynearsomewetlandswhichbecamehissecond21.Helearnedthevalueandbeautyof 22therefromaveryyoungage.Whenhewas16,Molaibegantonoticesomething23happeningaroundhishome.Afloodhadhittheareaearlierthatyearandthe24itcausedhaddrivenawayanumberofbirds.25,thenumberofsnakeshaddeclinedaswell.He26thatitwasbecausethereweren’tenoughtreestoprotectthemfromthe27.Thesolution,ofcourse,wastoplanttreessotheanimalscouldseek28duringthedaytime.Heturnedtothe29departmentforhelpbutwastoldthatnothingwouldgrowthere.However,Molaiwentlookingonhisownand30anearbyislandwherehebegantoplanttrees.31youngplantsinthedryseasonwas 32foraloneboy.Molaibuiltatthe33ofeachsapling(幼树)abambooplatform,whereheplacedearthenpotswithsmallholesto34rainwater.Thewaterwouldthendrip(滴落)ontheplantsbelow.Molai35toplanttreesforthenext37years,Hiseffortshaveresultedin1,360acresofnaturally-grownlandthathasbecomehometomanyplantsandanimals.21.A.dream B.job C.home D.choice22.A.nature B.youth C.culture D.knowledge23.A.precious B.interesting C.disturbing D.awkward24.A.waste B.tension C.pain D.damage25.A.Besides B.However C.Therefore D.Otherwise26.A.agreed B.realized C.remembered D.predicted27.A.noise B.heat C.disease D.dust28.A.directions B.partners C.help D.shelter29.A.labor B.police C.forest D.finance30.A.rebuilt B.discovered C.left D.managed31.A.Decorating B.Observing C.Watering D.Guarding32.A.tough B.illegal C.fantastic D.beneficial33.A.back B.top C.foot D.side34.A.cooldown B.keepoff C.purify D.collect35.A.returned B.learned C.failed D.continued第二节(共10小题:每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Manypeoplehavethehobbyofcollectingthings,e.g.stamps,postcardsorantiques.Inthe18thand19thcenturies,36(wealth)peopletravelledandcollectedplants,historicalobjectsandworksofart.Theykepttheircollectionathomeuntilitgottoobig37untiltheydied,andthenitwasgiventoamuseum.The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample, 38 (form)thecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseum39openedin1759.Thepartsofamuseumopentothepublic 40 (call)galleriesorrooms.Often,onlyasmallpartofamuseum’scollection41(be)ondisplay.Mostofitisstoredawayorusedforresearch.Manymuseumsarelivelyplacesandtheyattractalotofvisitors.Aswellaslookingatexhibits,visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations(模拟)andimagine42(they)livingatadifferenttimeinhistoryor43(walk)througharainforest.AttheJorvikCentreinYork,thecity’sVikingsettlementisrecreated,andpeopleexperiencethesights,soundsandsmellsoftheoldtown.Historical44(accurate)isimportantbutsoisentertainment.Museumsmustcompete45people’ssparetimeandmoneywithotheramusements.Mostmuseumsalsowelcomeschoolgroupsandarrangespecialactivitiesforchildren.第三部分写作(共两节,满分40分)第一节(满分15分)假定你是李华,上周日你校举办了5公里越野赛跑活动。请你为校英文报写一篇报道,内容包括:1.参加人员:2.跑步路线:从校门口到南山脚下:3.活动反响。注意:1.写作词数应为80左右:2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。ACross-CountryRunningRace第二节(满分25分)阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。TheMeredithfamilylivedinasmallcommunity.Astheeconomywasindecline,somepeopleinthetownhadlosttheirjobs.Manyoftheirfamilieswerestrugglingtomakeendsmeet.Peopleweretryingtohelpeachothermeetthechallenges.Mrs.Meredithwasamostkindandthoughtfulwoman.Shespentagreatdealoftimevisitingthepoor.Sheknewtheyhadproblems,andtheyneededallkindsofhelp.Whenshehadtime,shewouldbringfoodandmedicinetothem.Onemorningshetoldherchildrenaboutafamilyshehadvisitedthedaybefore.Therewasamansickinbed,hiswife,whotookcareofhimandcouldnotgoouttowork,andtheirlittleboy.Thelittleboy—hisnamewasBernard—hadinterestedherverymuch.“Iwishyoucouldseehim,”shesaidtoherownchildren,John,Harry,andClara.“Heissuchahelptohismother.Hewantsverymuchtoearnsomemoney,butIdon’tseewhathecando.”Aftertheirmotherlefttheroom,thechildrensatthinkingaboutBernard.“Iwishwecouldhelphimtoearnmoney.”saidClara.“Hisfamilyissufferingsomuch.”“SodoI,”saidHarry.“Wereallyshoulddosomethingtoassistthem.”Forsomemoments,Johnsaidnothing,but,suddenly,hesprangtohisfeetandcried,“Ihaveagreatidea!Ihaveasolutionthatwecanallhelpaccomplish(完成).”Theotherchildrenalsojumpedupallattention.WhenJohnhadanidea,itwassuretobeagoodone.“Itellyouwhatwecando,”saidJohn.“YouknowthatbigboxofcornUncleJohnsentus?Well,wecanmakepopcorn(爆米花),andputitintopaperbags,andBernardcantakeitaroundtothehousesandsellit.”注意:1.续写词数应为150左右;2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。WhenMrs.MeredithheardofJohn’sidea,shethoughtitwasagoodone,too.Witheverythingready,Bernardstartedoutonhisnewbusiness.绝密★启用前2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新高考Ⅰ卷)英语第一部分阅读1.A 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.B 9.D 10.B.11.A 12.D 13.D 14.A 15.C 16.G 17.A. 18.C 19.B 20.D第二部分语言运用21.C 22.A 23.C 24.D 25.A 26.B 27.B 28.D 29.C 30.B31.C 32.A 33.B 34.D 35.D36.wealthy 37.or 38.formed 39.which/that 40.arecalled41.is 42.themselves 43.walking 44.accuracy 45.for第三部分写作(略)
机密★启用前2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新高考Ⅱ卷)英语注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号,回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话,每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是c.1.Whatwillthespeakersdotonight?A.VisitMary.B.Gooutoftown.C.Hostadinner.2.Howdoesthewomangotoworkthisweek?A.Bycar.B.Bybike.C.Onfoot3.WhattimedoesDave'smeetingstar?A.At8:30B.At9:00.C.At10:00.4.WhatisHelengoingtodo?A.BuysomebooksB.Studyinthelibrary.C.Attendahistoryclass.5.Whatisthewoman'sfeelingnow?A.ReliefB.Regret.C.Embarrassment.第二节(共15小题:每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白,每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间,每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。6.WhatisTombusydoing?A.Raisingmoney.B.Writingalabreport.C.Givingclassestochildren.7.WhomightbeabletohelpTomthisweek?A.Mike.B.Cathy.C.Jane.听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。8.WhyisJackleavingearly?A.Toavoidgettingstuckintraffic.B.Toenjoythesceneryontheway.C.Tobuysomegiftsforhisfamily.9.WhatdoesJudyoftendoattherailwaystation?A.Readbooks.B.Callsomefriends.C.Lookaroundtheshops.10.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.WhattodonextyearB.Wheretogoforvacations.C.Howtopassthewaitingtime.听第8段材料,回答第11至13题。11.WhydoesBilllooktroubled?A.HeisshortofmoneyB.Hehasmadeabigmistake.C.Heisfacingatoughchoice.12.WhatisBillnow?A.AcollegestudentB.Anarmyofficer.C.Acomputerengineer.13.WhatdoesthewomanseemtosuggestBilldo?A.Learntorepaircars.B.Declinethejoboffer.C.Askhisuncleforadvice.听第9段材料,回答第14至16题。14.Whatisthewomanrecommendingtotheman?A.Awriter.B.Aclub.C.Acourse.15.Whatisthewomanreadingnow?A.TheBeautifulMind.B.TheGreatGatsby.C.TheKiteRunner.16.Howmuchtimedoesthemanhavetoreadthebook?A.Twoweeks.B.Threeweeks.C.Fourweeks.听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。17.Whatisthespeakerdoing?A.Reportingastudy.B.Chairingameeting.C.Teachingaclass.18.Whatshouldyoupaymostattentiontowhentakingnotes?A.ListeningB.Reading.C.Writing.19.Whatisanadvantageofusingsymbolsinnote-taking?A.Itkeepsinformationsecret.B.Itleavesspaceforfutureuse.C.Itmakeskeywordsnoticeable.20.Whatwillthespeakerdonext?A.Askafewquestions.B.Showsomenotes.C.Makeasummary.第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题:每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。APaliOvernightAdventuresofferschildrenandteensexcitingexperiencesthissummer.Frombroadcastingtostreetart,thesearejust4ofthe17highlyuniquecampsbeingoffered.BroadcastingCampBecomethenextstarreporternewswriter,directororproducer.Whilerunningeveryaspectofourownnewsstation,kidsandtheirfellowcamperswillcreateandhostabroadcastairingeachnightatdinnerfortheentirecamp.Everynightitgoesontheweb,keepingparentsandtheworldinformedofthehappeningsatPali.SecretAgentCampInthemovieMissionImpossible,TomCruisemadebeingasecretagentseemlikethecoolestjobever.Camperswhosignupforthe2-weeksecretagentcampcangettoknowaboutthelifeofrealsecretagentsbylearningstrategiesandmilitaryskillsonthepaintballfield.CulinaryCampIfyourchildenjoysbeinginthekitchen,thentheculinarycampisdefinitelytherightfit.Camperslearntechnicalskillsofroasting,fryingandcutting,aswellassomerecipesthattheycantakehomeandsharewiththeirfamilies.StreetArtCampThiscamptakescreativelicensetoanentirelynewlevel.Camperswillsharetheircolorfulideasandimaginationwitheachotherandworktogethertovisualize,sketchandpaintwithnon-traditionaltechniquestocreatethecoolestmuralwhichwillbedisplayedinpublicforalltosee.1.HowmanycampsdoesPaliOvernightAdventuresofferthissummer?A.2. B.4. C.17. D.21.2.WhatwillcampersdoattheBroadcastingCamp?A.Createawebsite. B.Runanewsstation.C.Meetastarreporter. D.Holdadinnerparty.3.Whichcampwillattractchildrenwhoareinterestedincooking?A.BroadcastingCamp. B.SecretAgentCamp.C.CulinaryCamp D.StreetArtCamp.BTheendoftheschoolyearwasinsightandspiritswerehigh.Iwasbackteachingafteranabsenceof15years,dealingwiththevariouskindsof"forbiddenfruit"thatcomeoutofbookbags.Nowwasthespringofthewaterpistol.Idecidedtothinkupamethodofdealingwithforbiddenfruit."Pleasebringthatpistoltome"Isaid."I'mgoingtoputitinmyGrandma'sBox.""What'sthat?"theyasked."It'salargewoodenchestfulloftoysformygrandchildren"Ireplied,"Youdon'thavegrandchildren,"someonesaid."Idon'tnow."Ireplied."ButsomedayIwill.WhenIdo,myboxwillbefullofwonderfulthingsforthem."MyimaginaryGrandma'sBoxworkedlikemagicthatspring,andlater.Sometimes.studentswouldaskmetodescribeallthethingsIhadinit.ThenIwouldtrytorememberthedifferentpossessionsIsupposedlyhadtakenaway—sinceIseldomactuallykeptthem.Usuallytheoffenderwouldappearattheendoftheday,andIwouldreturnthebelonging.The-yearswentby,andmyfirstgrandchildGordonwasborn.Isharedmyjoywiththatyear'sclass.Thensomeonesaid,"NowyoucanuseyourGrandma'sBox."Fromthenoninsteadofcomingtoasktheirpossessionsback,thestudentswouldsay,"That'sokay.PutitinyourGrandma'sBoxforGordon."Ilovedtalkingabouttheimaginarybox,notonlywithmystudentsbutalsowithmyownchildren.TheyenjoyedhearingaboutalltheforbiddenfruitIhadcollected.ThenoneChristmasIreceivedasurprisegift—alarge,beautifullymadewoodenchest.MysonBrucehadmademyGrandma'sBoxareality.4.Whatwastheauthor'spurposeinhavingtheconversationwiththestudents?A.Tocollectthewaterpistol. B.Totalkabouthergrandchildren.C.Torecommendsometoys. D.Toexplainherteachingmethod.5.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"theoffender"inparagraph8referto?A.Thestudent'sparent. B.ThemakeroftheGrandma'sBox.CTheauthor'sgrandchild. D.Theowneroftheforbiddenfruit.6.WhatdidthestudentsdoaftertheylearnedaboutthebirthofGordon?A.Theywenttoplaywiththebaby. B.TheyaskedtoseetheGrandma'sBox.C.TheymadeapresentforGordon. D.Theystoppedaskingtheirtoysback.7.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthor?A.Sheenjoystellingjokes. B.Sheisastrictandsmartteacher.C.Shelovesdoingwoodwork. D.SheisaresponsiblegrandmotherCInMay1987theGoldenGateBridgehada50thbirthdayparty.Thebridgewasclosedtomotortrafficsopeoplecouldenjoyawalkacrossit.Organizersexpectedperhaps50,000peopletoshowup.Instead,asmanyas800,000crowdedtheroadstothebridge.Bythetime250,000wereonthebridge,engineersnoticedsomethingterrible:theroadwaywasflatteningunderwhatturnedouttobetheheaviestloadithadeverbeenaskedtocarry.Worse,itwasbeginningtosway(晃动).Theauthoritiesclosedaccesstothebridgeandtensofthousandsofpeoplemadetheirwaybacktoland.Adisasterwasavoided.ThestoryisoneofscoresinToForgiveDesign:UnderstandingFailure,abookthatisatoncealovelettertoengineeringandapaean(赞歌)toitsbreakdowns.Itsauthor,Dr.HenryPetroski,haslongbeenwritingaboutdisasters.Inthisbook,heincludesthelossofthespaceshuttles(航天飞机)ChallengerandColumbia,andthesinkingoftheTitanic.Thoughheacknowledgesthatengineeringworkscanfailbecausethepersonwhothoughtthemuporengineeredthemsimplygotthingswrong,inthisbookDr.Petroskiwidenshisviewtoconsiderthelargercontextinwhichsuchfailuresoccur.Sometimesdevicesfailbecauseagooddesignisconstructedwithlowqualitymaterialsincompetentlyapplied.Orperhapsadesignworkssowellitisadoptedelsewhereagainandagain,withseeminglyharmlessimprovements,until,suddenly,itdoesnotworkatallanymore.Readerswillencounternotonlystoriestheyhaveheardbefore,butsomenewstoriesandamovingdiscussionoftheresponsibilityoftheengineertothepublicandthewaysyoungengineerscanbehelpedtograspthem."Successissuccessbutthatisallthatitis,"Dr.Petroskiwrites.Itisfailurethatbringsimprovement.8.WhathappenedtotheGoldenGateBridgeonits50thbirthday?A.Itcarriedmoreweightthanitcould.B.ItswayedviolentlyinastrongwindC.ItsroadwaywasdamagedbyvehiclesD.Itsaccesswasblockedbymanypeople.9WhichofthefollowingisDr.Petroski'sideaaccordingtoparagraph3?A.NodesigniswellreceivedeverywhereB.Constructionismoreimportantthandesign.C.NotalldisastersarecausedbyengineeringdesignD.Improvementsonengineeringworksarenecessary.10.Whatdoesthelastparagraphsuggest?A.Failurecanleadtoprogress. B.SuccessresultsinoverconfidenceC.Failureshouldbeavoided. D.Successcomesfromjointefforts.11.Whatisthetext?A.Anewsreport B.Ashortstory.C.Abookreview D.Aresearcharticle.DRainforestsarehometoarichvarietyofmedicinalplants,food,birdsandanimals.Canyoubelievethatasinglebush(灌木丛)intheAmazonmayhavemorespeciesofantsthanthewholeofBritain!About480varietiesoftreesmaybefoundinjustonehectareofrainforest.Rainforestsarethelungsofthep
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