苏州大学外国语学院《211翻译硕士英语》专业硕士历年考研真题及详解



2010年苏州大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解

I.Vocabularyand

Structure(30%)

Directions:Eachofthefollowingsentenceshasanunderlinedwordorphrase.

BeloweachsentencearefourotherwordsorphrasesmarkedA),B),C)andD).

YouaretochoosetheONEwordorphrasewhich,ifsubstitutedforthe

underlinedwordorphrase,wouldkeepthemeaningoftheoriginalsentence.

1Thisisanabstractofasermon.

A.anagent

B.anaccommodation

C.an

abbreviation

D.asummary

【答案】D查看答案

【解析】句意：这是布道的概要。accommodation住处，膳宿。abbreviation缩写；缩写词。

2TheStatueofLibertywasagifttotheUnitedStatesfromthe

peopleofFrancetomemorializethealliancebetweenthetwocountries.

A.negotiation

B.anniversary

C.treaty

D.association

【答案】D查看答案

【解析】句意：自由女神像是法国人民送给美国的礼物，以纪念两国之间的联盟。alliance联盟，联合。D项association与其意思相同。

3Formulatedin1823,theMonroeDoctrineassertedthatthe

AmericaswerenolongeropentoEuropeancolonization.

A.emphatically

stated

B.assured

C.accentuated

D.entreated

【答案】A查看答案

【解析】句意：门罗主义制定于1823年，宣称美洲不再对欧洲殖民开放。assert“（坚决）主张”，其英文释义为“tostatefirmlythatsomethingistrue”，因此A项“emphaticallystated”与其意思相同。assure保证；担保。accentuate强调；重读。entreat恳求。

4Thebleaching

oflaundrybysunlightisatleastpartlyaphotochemicalprocess.

A.bleeding

B.blessing

C.whitening

D.scrubbing

【答案】C查看答案

【解析】句意：日光下衣物的漂白至少部分是光化过程。bleaching漂白。scrubbing洗涤。

5Diplomaticmisunderstandingscanoften

betracedbacktoblundersintranslation.

A.mistakes

B.attempts

C.insults

D.arguments

【答案】A查看答案

【解析】句意：外交上的误解经常可以追溯到翻译中的错误。blunder大错。

6Overninetypercentofallhouseholdburglaries

occurwhiletheownersareout.

A.thefts

B.bumps

C.clashes

D.explosions

【答案】A查看答案

【解析】句意：超过90%的家庭盗窃案发生在业主外出期间。burglary盗窃。theft盗窃。bump肿块，隆起物。clash冲突，不协调。

7Sincefingernailscanbeeasilyclipped,theyarea

convenientresourceforthosewhowishtomeasurelevelsoftraceelementsin

thebody.

A.cloaked

B.clasped

C.trimmed

D.clapped

【答案】C查看答案

【解析】句意：由于指甲很容易修剪，对于那些想要测量身体微量元素水平的人来说，它们可以轻易获得。clip剪；剪掉。trim修剪。cloak遮掩。clasp紧抱；扣紧。clap鼓掌。

8Prof.Bakercameupwithanidea

inhislectureyesterday.

A.abolished

B.took

advantageof

C.appreciated

D.proposed

【答案】D查看答案

【解析】句意：贝克教授昨天在演讲中提出了一个想法。comeupwith提出；想出。propose提出，提议。abolish废除。appreciate欣赏；感激。

9Salthasbeenarespectedcommodity

formuchofrecordedtime.

A.flavoring

B.preservative

C.remedyfor

illness

D.articleof

trade

【答案】D查看答案

【解析】句意：盐在大部分时间一直是受人尊敬的商品。commodity商品，货物。“articleoftrade”也是“商品”的意思。flavoring调味品。preservative防腐剂。remedyforillness疾病的治疗。

10After1850,variousstatesinthe

UnitedStatesbegantopasscompulsoryschoolattendance

laws.

A.harsh

B.diversified

C.mandatory

D.complicated

【答案】C查看答案

【解析】句意：1850年以后，美国各州开始通过义务教育法。compulsory强制的；义务的。mandatory强制的。harsh严厉的。diversified多样化的。

11Somebirdsconsistentlyreturn

tothesamenestingareaeachspring.

A.occasionally

B.purposely

C.regularly

D.surprisingly

【答案】C查看答案

【解析】句意：一些鸟类每年春天都会回到相同的巢区。consistently一贯地；一致地。regularly定期地；有规律地。occasionally偶尔；间或。

12MaryMcCarthy’ssatiresarecouched

inaprosestylethathasaclassicprecision.

A.fused

B.prefaced

C.standardized

D.expressed

【答案】D查看答案

【解析】句意：玛丽·麦卡锡的讽刺诗以一种具有经典精确性的散文风格表达出来。becouchedin以（特定方式）表达，用……措辞。fuse融合。preface作序。

13AndreWatts

gaveadazzlinginterpretationofBeethoven’sEmperorConcerto.

A.adaring

B.acrystal

C.acrooked

D.abrilliant

【答案】D查看答案

【解析】句意：安德烈·沃茨对贝多芬的《皇帝协奏曲》作出了精彩的诠释。dazzling在这里是“amazinglyimpressive”的意思，与brilliant意思相同。crooked弯曲的；歪的。

14Humanfacialexpressionsdifferfromthoseofanimalsinthe

degreetowhichtheycanbedeliberatelycontrolledandmodified.

A.decently

B.noticeably

C.

intentionally

D.creatively

【答案】C查看答案

【解析】句意：人类的面部表情与动物的面部表情不同，它们可以被有意识地控制和修改。deliberately故意地。intentionally故意地，有意地。decently合适地；高雅地。noticeably显著地。

15Astronautsaresubjectedtothemostrigoroustrainingthathas

everbeendevisedforhumanbeings.

A.destined

B.created

C.diagnosed

D.afforded

【答案】B查看答案

【解析】句意：宇航员们接受了人类有史以来最严格的训练。devise设计；想出。destine注定。diagnose诊断。

16TheMoon,theSun,andthevisibleplanetswereconsideredby

earliestobserverstobedivineobjects.

A.orbital

B.sacred

C.fanciful

D.magnified

【答案】B查看答案

【解析】句意：月亮、太阳和可见的行星被最早的观察者认为是神圣的物体。divine神圣的。sacred神的；神圣的。orbital轨道的。magnified放大的。

17Alongjourneyincoldweatherisdreadfully

tiring.

A.unfortunately

B.terribly

C.alternately

D.desperately

【答案】B查看答案

【解析】句意：在寒冷的天气里长途旅行非常累人。dreadfully可怕地；极其。alternately交替地；轮流地。desperately拼命地；绝望地。

18TheAbstractExpressionistmovementemerged

inNewYorkCityinthe1940’s.

A.merged

B.cameinto

prominence

C.meager

D.waslabeled

【答案】B查看答案

【解析】句意：抽象表现主义运动出现于20世纪40年代的纽约。comeintoprominence意思是“出名；成为显要”，与emerge的意思最为接近。merge合并；融合。meager贫乏的。

19Intermsofprecipitation,teninches

ofsnowistheequivalentofaninchofrain.

A.thesymbol

of

B.thesameas

C.theequality

D.thedisguise

of

【答案】B查看答案

【解析】句意：就降水而言，10英寸的雪相当于一英寸的雨。theequivalentof相当于。

20Aveinisadepositofmineralmatter

thathasfilledafaultorseaminarock.

A.acave

B.anindentation

C.acrack

D.ahole

【答案】C查看答案

【解析】句意：矿脉是矿物的沉积填满了岩石中的断层或缝隙。fault断层。crack裂缝。cave洞穴。indentation压痕，刻痕。

21Theuseofformaldehydefoamininsulationwasrecently

bannedbytheConsumerProductSafetyCommission.

A.form

B.formula

C.forum

D.amassof

whitebubbles

【答案】D查看答案

【解析】句意：最近，消费者产品安全委员会禁止使用甲醛泡沫。foam泡沫，即D项“amassofwhitebubbles”。

22FarmersineasternMarylandandonLong

Islandspecializeinraisingfowl.

A.sardines

B.salmon

C.poultry

D.shrimps

【答案】C查看答案

【解析】句意：马里兰州东部和长岛的农民专门饲养家禽。fowl家禽。poultry家禽。sardine沙丁鱼。salmon鲑鱼。

23PhilipRothwashailedasa

majornewauthorin1960.

A.growled

B.frownedat

C.acclaimed

D.exclaimed

【答案】C查看答案

【解析】句意：菲利普·罗斯在1960年被誉为重要的新作家。hail致敬。acclaim称赞。growl咆哮。frownat对……感到生气不满；对……皱眉。exclaim呼喊，惊叫。

24Groupingstarsbyconstellationsisahandy

wayofmappingthesky.

A.grand

B.gorgeous

C.fake

D.convenient

【答案】D查看答案

【解析】句意：按星座将星星分组是绘制星空图的一种简便方法。handy便利的。

25Likemostmigratorybirds,warblershead

southinthefall.

A.jog

B.gallop

C.crawl

D.fly

【答案】D查看答案

【解析】句意：和大多数候鸟一样，莺会在秋天向南迁徙。head的意思是“前进；出发”，对于鸟来说就是“fly”。jog慢跑。gallop飞驰；急速进行。crawl爬行。

26Idon’tthinkitisimpartial

fortheprofessortoflunkmyChemistrytest.

A.unbiased

B.compatible

C.imperial

D.effusive

【答案】A查看答案

【解析】句意：我认为教授让我的化学测验不及格是不公平的。impartial公平的，公正的。unbiased公正的；无偏见的。compatible兼容的；能共处的。effusive流出的；感情横溢的。

27Themicroscopeenablesscientiststo

distinguishanincrediblenumberandvarietyofbacteria.

A.anextra

B.an

unbelievable

C.averifiable

D.an

unavoidable

【答案】B查看答案

【解析】句意：显微镜使科学家能够辨别出数量惊人、种类繁多的细菌。incredible难以置信的，惊人的。

28IntheNavajohousehold,grandparentsandotherrelativesplayindispensable

rolesinraisingchildren.

A.dominant

B.exemplary

C.essential

D.demanding

【答案】C查看答案

【解析】句意：在纳瓦霍家庭中，祖父母和其他亲戚在抚养子女方面发挥不可或缺的作用。indispensable不可缺少的。dominant显性的；占优势的。exemplary典范的；可仿效的。demanding苛求的；要求高的。

29Theterm“NewDeal”appliestotheprogramofreformand

recoveryinitiatedbyPresidentFranklinD.Roosevelt.

A.inferred

B.inherited

C.originated

D.injected

【答案】C查看答案

【解析】句意：“新政”一词适用于富兰克林·罗斯福总统发起的改革和复苏计划。initiate开始；发起。originate创造；发起。

30RockefellerCenterhasleased

partofitslandfromColumbiaUniversity.

A.exploited

B.imported

C.grasped

D.rented

【答案】D查看答案

【解析】句意：洛克菲勒中心从哥伦比亚大学租了部分土地。leased租得。

II.Reading

Comprehension

PartOne:Thereare3passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysome

questionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoices

markedA,B,CandD.Readthepassagesandthendecideonthebestchoice.

(30%)

PassageOne

AlthoughhumansmayhaveenteredtheNewWorldbetween20,000and

40,000yearsago,thefirstsolidevidencefor

theirpresenceintheMidwestcomesfromthePaleo-Indianperiod,whichdates

10,000to8000B.C.Bythistime,humanshadspreadthroughoutbothcontinents

oftheWesternHemisphereandhaddevelopeddistinctivetoolkitsfor

exploitingtheenvironmentArchaeologicaldatasuggestthatsubsistence

activitiescenteredaroundhuntinglargelate-Pleistocenemammals,suchas

extinctformsofbison,mammoth,andmastodon.Thisexploitativepatternis

frequentlyreferredtoasthebig-gamehuntingtradition.Itisprobablethat

smallgameanimalsandplantresourcesalsoplayedanimportant,ifnot

dominant,partinthesubsistenceactivitiesduringthisperiod,butthereis

currentlylittlearchaeologicalevidencetosubstantiatethisproposition.

Socialgroupsprobablyconsistedofsmallbandsthatwanderedoverlargeareas

inpursuitofgameandotherscatteredresources.

ThetraditionfromPaleo-IndiantoArchaic

occurredgraduallythroughouttheeasternwoodlands

andisgenerallycorrelatedwiththeretreatoftheglaciersaswellaswith

theconcomitantchangeinthekindsanddistributionsofplantandanimal

resources.DatesassignedtotheArchaicperiodrangebetweenapproximately

8000B.C.and1000B.C.Thislongperiodcanbefurthersubdividedintothree

parts:theEarlyArchaic(8000to5000B.C.),MiddleArchaic(5000to2000B.C.),

andLateArchaic(2000to1000B.C.).

Archaic

substanceactivitiesfocusedongatheringfromlocalizedareasawiderangeof

wildresources,suchaslargeandsmallmammals,birds,fish,nuts,andseeds.

Throughtime,Archaicpopulationsdevelopedfromsmall,scatteredgroups

scavengingresourcesoverawideareatolargergroupsforminggreaterregional

populationsthatoccupiedmorelimitedterritories.Groupsapparentlymoved

fromplacetoplacetocollectavarietyoflocalizedresourcesinaseasonal

round.Thearchaicperiodmarksthebeginningofthedevelopmentofregional

culturaltraditionsthatpersistintolatertimesthroughouttheeastern

woodlands.

DuringtheEarly

Archaic,sitestendtobesmallandscattered,muchlikethoseofthe

Paleo-Indianperiod.Sitesoccurprimarilyinuplandsituations,butEarlyArchaic

remainshavealsobeenfoundinrocksheltersandalonghighriverterraces.

Siteslocatedinuplandcontextsarefrequentlyconcentratednearsecondary

streamvalleysalongmajorrivers.Thevarietyofsitelocationsevidently

reflectsseasonalshiftsofsettlementsduringtheEarlyArchaic.However,in

someareas,suchasthelowerMississippiValley,whereEarlyArchaicsitesare

locatedinbottomlandsituations,variationinsettlementtypemaybemorea

reflectionoffunctionaldifferencesthanofseasonalshifts.

Duringthe

MiddleArchaic,subsistenceemphasisshiftstowardmoreintensiveutilization

oflocalizedresources,withastressonexploitingforestsandriverine

contexts.DatafromthelowerIllinoisRivervalleysuggestthatabroadspectrum

offaunawasbeingtaken,alongwithalimitednumberofhighlyproductive

floralresources,suchashickorynuts.Theappearanceofthegrindingstonein

thetoolinventoryindicatesthatnutsandseedshadbecomeanimportantpart

ofthesubsistencebase.Thebeginningofthemanufactureofworkingwasalso

animportantactivity.Basecampswithpermanenthabitationstructuresappear

aspartofthesettlementsystemandareapparentlyoccupiedformost,ifnot

all,ofayear.TheearliestburialsinIllinoisalsooccurduringthisperiod.

1Thepassagesuppliesinformationfor

answeringwhichofthefollowingquestions?

A.Bywhat

perioddidthegrindingstonetoolsbecomefeasibleintheNewWorld?

B.Howrapidly

didthepopulationoftheNewWorldgrowduringtheArchaicperiod?

C.Whattypesof

dwellingswereconstructedduringtheMiddleArchaicperiod?

D.Whywere

Archaicsettlementsfrequentlylocatednearrivers?

2Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat

thefirsthumanstoentertheNewWorld.

A.liveda

largelynomadicexistence

B.subsisted

mainlyonadietofmeat

C.haveleftno

clear-cuttracesoftheirexistence

D.wereprobably

wipedoutbytheadvanceoftheglaciers

3Accordingtothepassage,subsistenceactivitiesintheArchaicperioddifferedfrom

thoseinthePaleo-Indianperiodinthatthey.

A.consisted

mainlyofactivitiesthatfollowedculturalpatternspeculiartoparticular

areas

B.were

predictedlessdirectlyupontheavailabilityofasupplyofgameanimals

C.involved

largergroupsofhumansworkingtogethercooperatively

D.involved

moreregularandmorelocalizedpatternsofgrouptravel

4Accordingtothepassage,evidencefromthelowerIllinoisRiver

ValleysuggeststhatduringtheMiddleArchaicperiod.

A.theamount

ofseasonalmigrationengagedinhumansprobablydeclined

B.the

cultivationofplantsforfoodsbecameincreasinglyimportant

C.woodworking

wasamajoroccupation

D.theideaof

anafterlifeappeared

5Thepassageismostconcernedwithdescribing.

A.thelifeof

theearliesthumanstoinhabitthenewworld

B.howhumansof

theArchaicperiodlivedandsupportedthemselves

C.archaeological

evidenceaboutthelifeofearlyhumansintheAmericanMidwest

D.thegradual

developmentoftools,farming,andsettlementsduringtheArchaicperiod

【答案与解析】

1A 由最后一段可知，磨石出现在“MiddleArchaic”，因此A项问题在文中得到了解答。

2A 由第一段可知，考古数据显示当时人类从事大型动物的狩猎活动，但是小型动物和植物在这一时期也可能发挥着重要作用，由此可见当时人们过着游牧生活。

3A 由第三段可知，在Archaic时期，生存活动主要“focusedongatheringfromlocalizedareasawiderangeofwild

resources”，而且标志着“the

developmentofregionalculturaltraditions”的开始。

4A 根据最后一段，伊利诺斯下游的证据表明，“Basecampswithpermanenthabitationstructuresappearaspartof

thesettlementsystemandareapparentlyoccupiedformost,ifnotall,ofa

year.”，也就是说人们的生存活动趋于固定于一个领域。

5C 文章第一段便说到美国中西部最早的人类足迹出现于什么时候，并在下文对那个时期人类的活动及特征进行了介绍。

PassageTwo

Ascientistwhodoesresearchineconomicpsychologyandwhowants

topredictthewayinwhichconsumerswillspend

theirmoneymuststudyconsumerbehavior.Hemustobtaindatabothonthe

resourcesofconsumersandonthemotivesthattendtoencourageordiscourage

moneyspending.

Ifaneconomist

wereaskedwhichofthreegroupsborrowmost—peoplewithrisingincomes,stable

incomes,ordecliningincomes—hewouldprobablyanswer:thosewithdeclining

incomes.Actually,intheyears1947—1950,theanswerwas:peoplewithrising

incomes.Peoplewithdecliningincomeswerenextandpeoplewithstableincomes

borrowedtheleast.Thisshowsusthattraditionalassumptionsaboutearning

andspendingarenotalwaysreliable.Anothertraditionalassumptionisthatif

peoplewhohavemoneyexpectpricestogoup,theywillhastentobuy.Ifthey

expectpricestogodown,theywillpostponebuying.Butresearchsurveyshave

shownthatthisisnotalwaystrue.Theexpectationsofpriceincreasesmaynot

stimulatebuying.Onetypicalattitudewasexpressedbythewifeofamechanic

inaninterviewatatimeofrisingprices.“Inafewmonths,”shesaid,“we’ll

havetopaymoreformeatandmilk;we’llhavelesstospendonotherthings.”

Herfamilyhadbeenplanningtobuyanewcar.Buttheypostponedthis

purchase.Furthermore,theriseinpricesthathasalreadytakenplacemaybe

resentedandbuyer’sresistancemaybeevoked.Thisisshownbythefollowing

typicalcomment,“Ijustdon’tpaytheseprices;theyaretoohigh.”

Traditional

assumptionsshouldbeinvestigatedcarefully,andfactorsoftimeandplace

shouldbeconsidered.Theinvestigationsmentionedabovewerecarriedoutin

America.InvestigationsconductedatthesametimeinGreatBritain,however,

yieldedresultsthatweremoreinagreementwithtraditionalassumptionsabout

savingandspendingpatterns.Theconditionmostconducivetospendingappears

tobepricestability.Ifpriceshavebeenstableandpeoplehavebecome

accustomedtoconsiderthem“right”andexpectthemtoremainstable,theyare

likelytobuy.Thus,itappearsthatthecommonbusinesspolicyofmaintainingstablepriceswith

occasionalsalesordiscountsisbasedonacorrectunderstandingof

consumerpsychology.

6Theexampleofthemechanic’swifeis

intendedtoshowthatintimesofrisingprices.

A.peoplewith

decliningincometendtobuyless

B.peoplewith

stableincometendtoborrowless

C.Peoplewith

increasingincometendtobuymore

D.Peoplewith

moneyalsotendtobuyless

7FindingsininvestigationsinBritain

indicate.

A.certain

factorsshouldbetakenintoaccount

B.peoplein

BritainbehaveinthesamewayasthoseinAmerica

C.price

stabilityresultsfromacorrectunderstandingofconsumerpsychology

D.occasional

discountsandsalesarenecessary

8Accordingtothepassagepeopletendto

buymorewhen.

A.pricesare

expectedtogoup

B.pricesare

expectedtogodown

C.pricesdon’t

change

D.thebusiness

policydoesn’tchange

9Whichofthefollowingstatementsis

incorrect?

A.Tostudyconsumerbehavior,onemustobtaindatabothonthe

resourcesofconsumersandonthemotivesthataffectmoneyspending.

B.Peoplewith

decliningincomesborrowmost.

C.British

consumersweremoreinagreementwithtraditionalassumptionsaboutsavingand

spendingpatterns.

D.InBritain,

thepracticeofkeepingstablepricewithoccasionalsalesordiscountsis

reasonable.

10Thebesttitleofthepassageis.

A.consumer’s

PurchasingPower

B.relationship

betweenIncomeandPurchasingPower

C.traditional

Assumptions

D.studiesin

ConsumerBehaviour

【答案与解析】

6D 由题干themechanic'swife定位到第二段倒数第三、四句话，意思是机修工的妻子说，价格可能上涨时，我们必须花更多的钱来购买肉和牛奶，因而用于购买其他东西的钱就相应少了。她家原计划要买的新车也推迟购买。作者用此例来说明价格可能上涨时，人们即使有钱也不会去大量采购。

7C 文章最后一句说到“thecommonbusinesspolicyofmaintainingstableprices...isbased

onacorrectunderstandingofconsumerpsychology.”，因此C项正确。

8D 根据最后一段可知，价格稳定能够促进消费者消费，但并不是价格不变，这应该是一种“commonbusinesspolicyofmaintainingstablepriceswithoccasional

salesordiscounts”，即保持价格稳定并不时进行促销或打折的商业策略，因此D项正确。

9B 由第二段前两句可知，“peoplewithrising

incomes”借钱最多，所以B项表述错误。

10D 本文主要研究了英国和美国消费者在不同条件下的消费行为，因此D项正确。

PassageThree

Changesinthevolumeofunemploymentare

governedbythreefundamentalforces:thegrowthof

thelaborforce,theincreaseinoutputperman-hour,andthegrowthoftotal

demandforgoodsandservices.Changesintheaveragehoursofworkenterin

exactlyparallelfashionbuthavebeenquantitativelylesssignificant.As

productivityrises,lesslaborisrequiredperdollarofnationalproduct,or

moregoodsandservicescanbeproducedwiththesamenumberofman-hours.If

outputdoesnotgrow,employmentwillcertainlyfall:ifproductionincreases

morerapidlythanproductivity(lessanydeclineinaveragehoursworked),

employmentmustrise.Butthelaborforcegrowstoo.Unlessgrossnational

product(totalfinalexpenditureforgoodsandservicescorrectedforprice

changes)risesmorerapidlythanthesumofproductivityincreaseand

labor-forcegrowth(againmodifiedforanychangeinhoursofwork),the

increaseinemploymentwillbeinadequatetoabsorbthegrowthinthelabor

force.Inevitablytheunemploymentratewillincrease.Onlywhentotal

productivityexpandsfasterthantherateoflaborforcegrowthplustherate

ofproductivityincreaseandminustherateatwhichaverageannualhoursfall

doestheunemploymentratefall.Increasesinproductivityweremoreimportant

thangrowthofthelaborforceassourcesofthewidegainsinoutput

experiencedintheperiodfromtheendofthewartothemid-sixties.These

increasesinpotentialproductionsimplywerenotmatchedbyincreasesin

demandadequatetomaintainsteadyfullemployment.

Exceptforthe

recessionyearsof1949,1954,and1958,therateofeconomicgrowthexceeded

therateofproductivityincrease.However,inthelate1950sproductivityand

laborforcewereincreasingmorerapidlythanusual,whilethegrowthofoutput

wasslowerthanusual.Thisaccountedforthechangeinemploymentrates.

Butifpartof

thenationalpurposeistoreduceandcontainunemployment,arithmeticisnot

enough.Wemustknowwhichofthebasicfactorswecancontrolandwhichwe

wishtocontrol.Unemploymentwouldhaverisenmoreslowlyorfallenmore

rapidlyifproductivityhadincreasedmoreslowly,orthelaborforcehad

increasedmoreslowly,orthehoursofworkhadfallenmoresteeply,ortotal

outputhadgrownmorerapidly.Thesearenotindependentfactorshowever,anda

changeinanyofthemmighthavecausedchangesintheothers.

Asocietycan

choosetoreducethegrowthofproductivity,anditcanprobablyfindwaysto

frustrateitsowncreativity.However,whileareductioninthegrowthof

productivityattheexpenseofpotentialoutputmightresultinhigher

employmentintheshortrun,thelong-runeffectonthenationalinterestwould

bedisastrous.

Wemustalso

giveconsiderationtothefactthathiddenbeneathnationalaveragesis

continuousmovementinto,outof,between,andwithinlabormarkets.For

example,15yearsago,theaveragenumberofpersonsinthelaborforcewas74

million,withabout70millionemployedand3.9millionunemployed.Yet14

millionexperiencedsometermofunemploymentinthatyear.Somewerenew

entrantstothelaborforce,otherswerelaidofftemporarily.Theremainder

werethosewhowerepermanentlyofindefinitelyseveredfromtheirjobs.Thus,

theaveragenumberofunemployedduringayearunderstatestheactualvolumeof

involuntarydisplacementthatactuallyoccurs.

High

unemploymentisnotaninevitableresultofthepaceoftechnologicalchange,

buttheconsequenceofpassivepublicpolicy.Wecananticipateamoderate

increaseinthelaborforceaccompaniedbyaslowandirregulardeclinein

hoursofwork.Itfollowsthattheoutputoftheeconomy—andtheaggregate

demandtobuyit—mustgrowinexcessof4percentayearjusttopreventthe

unemploymentratefromrising,andevengreateriftheunemploymentrateisto

fallfurther.Yetoureconomyhasseldom,ifever,grownataratefasterthan

3.5percentforanyextendedlengthoftime.

Wehavenocause

forcomplacency.Positivefiscal,monetary,andmanpowerpolicieswillbe

neededinthefuture.

11Theauthor’spurposeinthispassageis

to.

A.criticizethe

decisionsofpastadministrationsduringrecessionyears

B.allaycurrent

fearsaboutincreasingunemployment

C.documentthe

riseofAmericanproductivitysincethewar

D.callforthe

applicationofpositiveeconomiccontrolpolicesintheyearsthatlieahead

12Thestatementthatissupportedbythe

passageis.

A.as

productivityrises,agreateramountoflaborperdollarofnationalproduct

canbeexpected

B.unemploymentfallswhenproductionexpandsfasterthanlabor

forcegrowthplusproductivityincrease,minusthefallofaverageannualhours

worked

C.reductionin

thegrowthofproductivityandacutbackinpotentialoutputareinthe

nationalinterest

D.technological

growthmust,inthelongrun,increaseunemployment

13Itcanbeinferredfromthepassage

thattheauthorwould.

A.advocateacarefullymanagedeconomy

B.preferthe

unemploymentratetoriseandfallwiththevalueofthegrossnationalproduct

asacheckonlaborcosts

C.perceive

highunemploymentasundesirablebutunavoidable

D.contendthat

manipulationofthesizeofthelaborforcewouldhavepreventedrecessionsin

theyearsnoted

14Accordingtothepassage,nationalemploymentaverages.

A.donotreveal

theactualvolumeofunemploymentduetolayoffsanddischargesduringayear

B.haveshowna

steadyincreaseinthecostofproductionoverthelasttwentyyears

C.arethebestindices

formonitoringtheactualeffectofincreasedproductivityoneconomicgrowth

D.revealthattherecessionyears

werereallyyearsofincreasedproductivityanddecreasedemployment

15Forwhichofthefollowingquestionsdoestheauthorgiveenough

informationtoprovideananswer?

A.Howcanthe

rateofgrowthofthenewentrantsintothelabormarketbecontrolled?

B.Whyhasthe

rateofgrowthoftheeconomyremainedunder3.5percentoverthelongrun?

C.Towhat

extentdidthepostwareconomyreflecttheimpactofprewareconomicpolicy?

D.Atwhatratemusttheeconomygrowinordertoavoidarisein

theunemploymentrate,ifthereisamoderategrowthinthelaborforceanda

declineinhoursofwork?

【答案与解析】

11D 本文主要讨论了经济发展与失业之间的关系，由最后一句“Positivefiscal,monetary,andmanpowerpolicieswillbeneededin

thefuture.”可知，作者的目的是呼吁实行积极的经济控制政策。

12B 由第一段可知，“Onlywhentotalproductivityexpandsfasterthantherateoflabor

forcegrowthplustherateofproductivityincreaseandminustherateatwhich

averageannualhoursfalldoestheunemploymentratefall.”，即B项所说内容。

13A 第三段中作者说到“Wemustknowwhichofthebasicfactorswecancontrolandwhichwe

wishtocontrol.”，最后一段又说到“Positivefiscal,monetary,andmanpowerpolicieswillbeneededin

thefuture.”，由此可见说明作者并不喜欢高失业率，并且认为高失业率是可以控制的。

14A 根据“nationalemploymentaverages”可定位到倒数第三段。这一段中作者最后说道“theaveragenumberofunemployedduringayearunderstatesthe

actualvolumeofinvoluntarydisplacementthatactuallyoccurs.”，因此A项正确。

15D 由倒数第二段可知，如果劳动力适度增长，劳动时间减少，经济的年增长率必须超过4%才能防止失业率升高，因此D项问题在文中得到了解答。

PartTwo:Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandgiveashortanswertothe

eachofthequestions.(10%)

Mysuicide

attemptwhenIwasaseniorinhighschoolmusthavepuzzledthosearoundme.From

theoutside,itseemedthatIhadalotgoingforme.Ilivedinacomfortable

middleclasshomewithswimmingpool.Iwasactiveinsports,amemberofthe

NationalHonorSociety,aneditoroftheschoolnewspaper.ButIwasalso

miserable.

Iwasconvinced

thatnooneunderstoodme,especiallymyparents.Ididn’tseemuchofmy

father,whowasbusywithhiswork.MymotherhaddiedwhenIwasver