2023学年完整公开课版虚拟语气2

SubjunctiveMoodIIUnit2Grammar虚拟语气

1）概念

虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。Revision2）在条件句中的应用

条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。在条件状语从句和结果状语从句中,表示与事实相反的条件和结果。1)与现在事实相反：If主语…,主语+V原V-ed(were)should(wouldcould,might)2)与过去事实相反：If主语,主语+haveV-ed3)与将来事实相反：If主语…,主语+V原should(wouldcould,might)should/wereto/V-edshould(wouldcould,might)had+V-ed

主句谓语和从句谓语发生的时间不同，叫做错综/混合条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。

Iftheweatherhadbeenfiner,thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter.Ifyouhadfollowedtheteacher’sadvice,youwouldn’tbeinthehospital.1.Weusemixedconditionalswhenthemainclauseandtheif-clauseareaboutdifferenttenses.e.g.Ifyouhadcomeandattendedthemeetingyesterday,youwouldknow

whatwearedoingnow.Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,you

wouldnotbeintroublenow.2.Weuse

otherwise,or

andphrasesbeginningwith

with,without

and

butfortoreplaceanif-clauseinimpliedconditionals.

a.Withoutair,therewouldbenolivingthings.b.Butforyour

help,Icouldn’thavedoneit.(Iftherewerenoair)(Ifithadn’tbeenforyourhelp)

含蓄条件句Iwasbusythatday.Otherwise

Iwouldhavegonetherewiththem.(IfIhadn’tbeenbusythatday,Iwouldhavegonetherewiththem.)

Iwouldhavefinishedthework,butforIhavebeenill.(IfIhadn’tbeenill,Iwouldhavefinishedthework.)3.Inadverbialclausesintroducedby

evenif,asif,asthough

and

ifonly

wecanuseunrealconditionals.即使生了病，他也去办公室。

Evenifhewereill,hewouldgotohisoffice.

他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人似的。HetreatedmeasifIwereastranger.她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。Shetalkedaboutthefilmasifshehadreallyseenit.虚拟语气特殊句型：wish/ifonly

现在：过去：未来：did（were）haddonewould/could/mightdo

1)IwishIwereabird.（现在）2)IwishIhadn’tmadesuchamistake.（过去）3)Wewishourparentswouldn’tpunishus.（将来）IfonlyI

knewhisname!Ifonlywe

hadfollowed

youradvice!IfonlyI

couldsee

himagain!

要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。

要是我没错过火车就好了！Ifonlyourparents

couldlivewith

us!IfonlyI

hadn’tmissed

thetrain!

IwishI

were

astallasyou.

我希望和你一样高。

Hewishedhe

hadn’tsaid

that.

他希望他没讲那样的话。

Iwishit

wouldrain

tomorrow.

我希望明天下雨就好了。wishtodo;wishsb./sth.todoIwishtoseethemanager.=Iwanttoseethemanager.Iwishthemanagertobeinformedatonce.=Iwantthemanagertobeinformedatonce.2.wouldratherthat现在：过去：未来：Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.

Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.diddidhaddone3.It’s(about/high)time+thatshoulddodid你该走了。我们该去睡觉了。It’shightimethatyouwent.It’s

hightimethatyouweregoing.It’shightimethatyoushouldgo.It’stimethatwewenttobed.It’s

timethatweshouldgotobed.(should不能省略)4.表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。1)宾语从句。常见动词：一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。即1.insist2.order,command3.advise,suggest,propose4.demand,require,request,desire这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词使用should+动词原形，或者将should省略。我们建议Tom去休息一下。他坚决要求我到场。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。WesuggestedthatTom

havearest.HeinsistedthatI

(should)be

present.Thekingorderedthattheprisoners

bekilled

thenextday.Theyrequestedthatwe

(should)send

themtoworkthere.Isuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Heinsistedthathe(should)besentthere.注意：如suggest,insist不表示"建议"或"坚持要某人做某事时"，即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时，宾语从句用陈述语气。Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybody_____(obey)therules.2.Heinsistedthatshe_____(be)seriouslyillandthat_________(send)tohospitalsatonce.3.Hesuggestedthatwe______(have)ameetingatonce.4.Hispalefacesuggestedthathe______(be)ill.obeywasbesenthavewas

以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。

order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desireIt’ssuggestedthattheplanbecarriedout.Mydemandisthatsheshouldcometoseemeonceaweek.Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactoryshouldbecloseddown.5.It’snecessary/strange/natural/important+that-Clause从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（should）+动词原形Itisimportantthatwe

(should)master

aforeignlanguage.Itisstrangethatshe

refuse

tocometotheparty.It’snecessarythatwe

shouldstudy

hard.6.某些简单句的固定句型：

Heaven

help

him!God

bless

you!May

yousucceed!Long

livethePeople’sRepublicofChina!1.Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe_____________(come),shewouldhavemetmybrother.2.IfI________(know)German,Iwouldreadthebookintheoriginal.3.IwishI___________(be)asstrongasyou.4.Iwishyou______________(tell)meearlier.5.Iwishyou_____________________(succeed)thistime.

hadcomeknew

were

hadtoldwouldsucceed填空：6.I’velovedyouasifyou_________(be)myson.7.Hetalksasifhe____________(be)tothemoon.8.Hetalksasifhe______________(go)tothemoon.9.Withoutelectricity,humanlife_____________(be)quitedifficulttoday.10.Isuggestthatwe____________(set)offatonce.

were

hadbeen

wouldgo

wouldbe

(should)set_________ceaseadvertising,priceswouldbesignificantlyreduced.

A.Weretheyto

B.Couldthey

C.Ifthey

D.Wouldthey2.Fiveminutesearlier,andwe_______thelastbus.

A.hadcaught

B.shouldhavecaught

C.couldhavecaught

D.caught单项选择3.Ifonlyyou____himwhatIsaid!Everythingwouldhavebeenallright.

A.didn'ttold

B.hadn'ttold

C.wouldnottell

D.wouldhavenottold4.Hemusthavehadanaccident,orhe____________herethen.

A.wouldhavebeen

B.hadbeenC.shouldhavebeen

D.couldbe5.Muchlabourwouldhavebeensavediftheelectroniccomputers________before.

A.hadinvented

B.wereinventedC.shouldhavebeeninventedD.hadbeeninvented6.IwishI________longerthismorning,butIhadtogetupandcometoclass.A.couldhaveslept

B.slept

C.mighthaveslept

D.haveslept7.Youdon'thavetobeinsuchahurry.Iwouldratheryou_____onbusinessfirst.

A.wouldgo

B.willgo

C.went

D.havegone8.Ifonlythecommittee_________theregulationsandputthemintoeffectassoonaspossible.

A.approve

B.willapprove

C.canapprove

D.wouldapprove9.Wedidn'tknowhistelephonenumber,otherwisewe_______him.A.wouldhavetelephonedB.musthavetelephoned

C.wouldtelephone

D.hadtelephoned10.Itwasessentialthattheapplicationforms____backbeforethedeadline.

A.mustbesent

B.wouldbesent

C.besent

D.weresent11.Ifit____fortheheavyrain,we_____theSongshanMountainsyesterday.A.werenot;couldhaveclimbedB.werenot;couldclimbC.hadnotbeen;couldhaveclimbedD.hadnotbeen;couldclimb12.ItoldSallyMrBrown’saddress,butperhapsI____forher.A.hadtowriteitoutB.musthavewrittenitoutC.shouldhavewrittenitoutD.oughttowriteitout13._____forthefreetickets,Iwouldnothavegonetothefilmssooften.A.IfitisnotB.WereitnotC.HaditnotbeenD.Iftheynot14.HowIwisheveryfamily____alargehousewithabeautifulGarden!A.hasB.hadC.willhaveD.hadhad15.Therewasalotoffunatyesterday’sparty.You___come,butwhydidn’tyou?A.musthaveB.shouldC.needhaveD.oughttohave16.Theguardofthemeetinginsistedthateverybody_____therules.A.obeysB.obeyC.willobeyD.wouldobey17.HadIgottotheairportearlier,I_______you.A.mightnotmisstoseeB.wouldnothavemissedtoseeC.shouldnotmissseeingD.wouldnothavemissedseeing18.Iwasillthatday,otherwiseI____thefootballmatch.A.wouldhavetakenpartinB.tookpartinC.hadtakenpartinD.wouldtakepartinIwasonthehighwaywhenthiscarwentpastfollowedbyapolicecar.They_______atleast150kilometersanhour.（2