武汉大学外国语言文学学院《211翻译硕士英语》历年考研真题及详解

2015年武汉大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解一、词汇结构题（共40小题，每题0.5分，共20分）Directions:Thereare40sentencesinthissection.BeneatheachsentencetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.Markyouransweronyouranswersheet.1.Hisnatural_____savedhimfrombeingspoiltbyfameandsuccess.A.honestyB.simplicityC.modestyD.morality【答案】C查看答案【解析】词义辨析。句意：他天生谦逊，不因名望和成就而骄傲。modesty谦逊；质朴；稳重。honesty诚实，正直。simplicity朴素；天真；愚蠢。morality道德；品行，美德。2.Patriotismwasthearmycaptain’s_____whenhespokeatourschoolassembly.A.themeB.theoremC.thesisD.theory【答案】A查看答案【解析】近形词辨析。句意：这位陆军上尉在我们学校集会上的发言是以爱国主义为主题。theme主题；主旋律；题目。theorem[数]定理；原理。thesis论文；论点。theory理论；学说；推测。3.Amodernshiphasits_____inthehollowedlogusedbyprimitivepeoples.A.protonB.patternC.predecessorD.prototype【答案】D查看答案【解析】近形词辨析。句意：原始人使用的中间挖空的木头是现代船只的原型。prototype原型；标准，模范。proton质子。pattern模式；图案；样品。predecessor前任，前辈。4.Youshould_____thewheelsofyourbicycletoreducethefriction.A.labelB.illustrateC.lubricateD.manipulate【答案】C查看答案【解析】词义辨析。句意：你应该把自行车的轮子润滑一下，以减少摩擦。lubricate使……润滑；给……加润滑油。label标注；贴标签于。illustrate阐明，举例说明；图解。manipulate操纵；篡改。5.Apersonoughttoconformthe_____ofbehaviour.A.patternsB.modelsC.modesD.norms【答案】D查看答案【解析】固定词组。句意：一个人应该遵守一定的行为规范。norm有“规范，基准”基准的意思，normsofbehaviour行为规范。model模型；模范；样式。mode模式；方式；风格。6.Travelcanbeanexcellent_____toone’seducation.A.complementB.completionC.componentD.competitor【答案】A查看答案【解析】近形词辨析。句意：旅行对于一个人的教育来说是个绝好的补充。complement补足物；补语；余角。completion完成，实现。component成分；组件。competitor竞争者，对手。component强调的是构成某物的成分或部分，acomponentofsth.某物的一个组成部分。7.The_____tothecontractmustbesignedbytwowitnesses.A.assignmentB.attachmentC.assessmentD.alignment【答案】B查看答案【解析】近形词辨析。句意：合同附件需有两位见证人签字。attachment附件；依恋。assignment分配；任务。assessment评定；估价。alignment队列；校准；结盟。attachmenttothecontract合同附件。8.Heaccepted_____forthedamagedonetothecar.A.libertyB.liabilityC.licenseD.likelihood【答案】B查看答案【解析】近形词辨析。句意：他为车子造成的损伤承担责任。liability责任；债务；可能性。liberty自由；许可；冒失。license执照，许可证。likelihood可能性，可能。acceptliability承担责任，负责。9.Ifthemainpowerlinefails,thehospitalwilluseits_____generator.A.residualB.subordinateC.obedientD.auxiliary【答案】D查看答案【解析】词义辨析。句意：主电力线路一旦出现故障，医院将使用辅助发电机发电。auxiliary辅助的；副的；附加的。auxiliarygenerator辅助发电机。residual剩余的；残留的。subordinate从属的；次要的。obedient顺从的，服从的；孝顺的。10.Thebigsearchlight_____aspotamileaway.A.ignitesB.stimulatesC.illuminatesD.illustrates【答案】C查看答案【解析】词义辨析。句意：那盏大型探照灯照射着一英里之遥的地方。illuminate照亮；阐明，说明。ignite点燃；使燃烧；使激动。stimulate起刺激作用；起促进作用。illustrate阐明，举例说明。11.Hisnewlypublishednovelenjoysgreat_____.A.attentionB.likelihoodC.popularityD.controversy【答案】C查看答案【解析】固定词组。句意：他新出版的那本小说广受欢迎。enjoygreatpopularity享有盛誉，广受欢迎。enjoygreatattention深为人们所关注。相比之下，C项更加符合题意。controversy争论；论战；辩论。12.Theyoungmotherlookedathersleepingbabywitha(an)_____smile.AelegantB.earnestC.radiantD.radical【答案】C查看答案【解析】近形词辨析。句意：年轻的母亲满脸微笑地看着她熟睡的孩子。radiant辐射的；容光焕发的；光芒四射的。aradiantsmile“灿烂的微笑，满脸微笑”，形容母亲看着自己孩子满心的欣喜。earnest认真的，热心的。anearnestsmile“诚挚的微笑”，相比之下，与本句中描述的情景不太符合，因此排除。elegant高雅的，优雅的；讲究的。radical激进的；根本的；彻底的。13.Alwaystellyourneighbourswhenyouaregoing,asa_____againstburglary.A.safeguardB.hindranceC.sacrificeD.violation【答案】A查看答案【解析】词义辨析。句意：外出时一定要告诉邻居一声，以防止盗窃。safeguard保护；保卫；保护措施。asafeguardagainststh.防止某事发生。hindrance障碍；妨碍；阻碍物。sacrifice牺牲；祭品；供奉。violation违反；违背；妨碍。14.Theplatedroppedonthefloorand_____intolittlepieces.A.smashedB.crashedC.crackedD.crushed【答案】A查看答案【解析】近义词辨析。句意：盘子掉到地上，摔成碎片。四个词均有是某物破碎的意思。smash表示撞击，意思为“打碎”，强调撞击的结果。本题强调盘子被打碎这一结果，A项符合题意。crash指突然猛烈地撞击，并伴有轰隆声，强调撞击的动作和猛烈，通常用来表示飞机失事或汽车相撞。crack破裂；爆裂。crush挤；被压碎。15.Havingroomsinwhichtostudywillnot_____,wemustalsohavethetimetousethem.A.sufficeB.satisfyC.quantifyD.rejoice【答案】A查看答案【解析】词义辨析。句意：光有可以学习的房间还不够，我们还必须有来使用它的时间。suffice足够；有能力。satisfy令人满意；令人满足。quantify量化；定量。rejoice高兴；庆祝。16.Their_____faultwasafailuretorecognizeallthefactorsinvolved.A.infiniteB.inherentC.potentialD.sole【答案】D查看答案【解析】词义辨析。句意：他们唯一的过错就在于没能识别出所有涉及到的因素。sole唯一的；单独的；仅有的。infinite无限的，无穷的。inherent固有的；内在的；遗传的。potential潜在的；可能的。17.Marilyncamebackfromhervacationwith_____armsandface.A.tanB.tameC.blackenedD.freshened【答案】A查看答案【解析】词义辨析。句意：度假回来，玛丽莲的胳膊还有脸都晒黑了。tan意思为“黄褐色；晒黑的肤色”，符合题意，因此选A项。tame驯服的；乏味的；顺从的。blackened为blacken的过去分词，意思为“变黑的；被损坏的”。freshened为freshen的过去分词，意思为“变得新鲜的”。18.Thewagontrainshadto_____IndianterritorytoreachCalifornia.A.transferB.transverseC.traverseD.transport【答案】C查看答案【解析】近形词辨析。句意：马车队必须穿过印第安保留区才能到达加利福尼亚。traverse穿过，横越（某地区）；在……来回移动。transfer使转移；调任。transport运输，运送。transverse不能作动词，作形容词时意思为“横向的；横断的”。19.Thepropellerbeganto_____,andthesmallplanestarteddowntherunway.A.rollB.whirlC.ventilateD.roar【答案】B查看答案【解析】词义辨析。句意：螺旋桨开始转起来，这架小飞机开始沿着跑道滑行。whirl“旋转，回旋”，指旋转或作圆周运动，侧重急速或力量。roll“卷；滚动；转动”，指某物在平面上滚动或翻滚。ventilate使通风；给……装通风设备；宣布。roar咆哮；喧闹。20.Thegovernment’srecentstatementoftheunemploymentdoesnot_____withthefacts.A.accordB.conformC.commenceD.consent【答案】A查看答案【解析】词义辨析。句意：政府关于失业的最新声明与实际情况不符。commence开始；着手。consent同意；赞成；答应。accordwith和conformwith/to均可以表示与某事物相符或一致，其中conformwith强调的是“遵守，符合”，accordwith强调的是事物之间的一致性，因此A项更加符合。21.Theyplannedto_____inthemiddleofthenight,whentheguardswereasleep.A.gooffB.runoutC.breakoffD.breakout【答案】D查看答案【解析】固定词组。句意：他们打算到半夜等守卫熟睡时逃出去。breakout(使)脱逃，(使)逃走；爆发。因此D项符合题意。gooff离开；变质；睡去。runout用完，耗尽；跑出。breakoff折断；突然停止，暂停。22.It’sprettywindy.You’dbetter_____yourhat.A.adduptoB.lenditselftoC.holdontoD.standupto【答案】C查看答案【解析】固定词组。句意：风很大，你最好抓紧你的帽子。holdonto紧紧抓住，抓牢。C项符合题意。addupto总计达，总共。lenditselfto适宜于，适用于。standupto经得起；抵抗；勇敢地面对。23.She’splayingsowellthisyearthatpeopleexpectherto_____allthebigprizesagain.A.carryonB.carryoffC.carryoutD.takeoff【答案】B查看答案【解析】固定词组。今年她打得很好，大家都期盼她能再次夺得所有奖项。carryoff夺去；获得；成功地处理。carryon继续；参与。carryout执行，实行；贯彻。takeoff脱下(衣帽、鞋子等)；起飞；离开。24.Whenhearrived,hefound_____theagedandthesickathome.A.nothingbutB.noneotherthanC.nonebutD.nootherthan【答案】C查看答案【解析】固定词组。句意：他回来时，发现只有老人和病人仍然留在家里。nonebut只有；仅。nothingbut除了……以外什么也没有；只有，不过。题干中指人，所以排除A项，C项为正确答案。none/nootherthan意思为“不是别的而正是……”。25.Asteachersweshouldconcernourselveswithwhatissaid,notwhatwethink_____.A.havetobesaidB.mustsayC.oughttobesaidD.needtosay【答案】C查看答案【解析】名词性从句。句意：作为老师，我们要关心的不是学生应该说什么，而是他们说了什么。分析句子结构，with后面接what引导的两个并列的名词性从句做宾语。根据句意判断，空格部分的名词性从句中，what与say为被动关系，应该使用被动语态，因此排除B项和D项。通过前面的whatissaid可知，A项的haveto应该改为hasto，而且havetodosth.意思是“必须/不得不做某事”强调的是客观条件，在此处意思不恰当。oughttodosth.“应该/理应做某事”，符合题意。因此选C项。26._____,amanwhoexpresseshimselfeffectivelyissuretosucceedmorerapidlythanamanwhosecommandoflanguageispoor.A.OtherthingstobeequalB.WereotherthingsequalC.TobeequaltootherthingsD.Otherthingsbeingequal【答案】D查看答案【解析】独立主格结构。句意：在其它条件相同的情况下，一个能有效地表达自己的人比一个语言表达能力差的人更容易获得成功。本题使用独立主格结构做条件状语，只有D项符合。27.Iamsureheisuptothejob_____hewouldgivehismindtoit.A.incaseB.untilC.ifonlyD.unless【答案】C查看答案【解析】连词。句意：只有他把心思放正，我敢肯定他能胜任这份工作。ifonly只要；要是…多好。incase万一；假使。until……以前；直到……时。unless除非，如果不。28.Iftapwaterwereasdangerousassomepeoplethink,_____wouldbegettingsick.A.alotofmoreusB.alotmoreofusC.morealotofusD.alotofusmore【答案】B查看答案【解析】比较级的用法。句意：如果自来水真的像有些人想的那么危险，那么我们当中就会有更多的人生病。alot在该结构中是程度副词，与比较级more连用时需要放在其前面进行修饰。29.Ourmodemcivilizationmustnotbethoughtofas_____inashortperiodoftime.A.beingcreatedB.tohavebeencreatedC.havingbeencreatedD.tobecreated【答案】C查看答案【解析】非谓语动词。句意：不能把现代文明想成是在短期内创造的。空格前为介词as，所以后面要使用动名词，排除B项和D项。又由于该动名词表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词之前，所以要使用动名词的完成式。30.Mostofthepeoplewho_____twoworldwarsarestronglyagainstarmsrace.A.havelivedoutB.havelivedthroughC.havelivedonD.havelivedwith【答案】B查看答案【解析】固定词组。句意：大多数历经了两次世界大战的人们都强烈反对军备竞赛。livethrough度过；经受过。livedout住在外面；活过（某一段时间）。liveon继续生活，以……为主食，靠……生活。livedwith寄宿在……家；忍受(不愉快的事)。31.AnOlympicMarathonis26milesand385yards,approximately_____fromMarathontoAthens.A.distanceB.isthedistanceC.thedistanceD.thedistanceis【答案】C查看答案【解析】句子结构。句意：奥林匹克马拉松赛道长26英里385码，大致是从马拉松到雅典的距离。分析句子结构，逗号前面的句子结构完整，也就是说空格部分不能出现独立的谓语成分，因此B项和D项排除。空格部分成分为名词性短语做宾语补足语，由于该距离特指前面提到的马拉松赛道的距离，因此distance需要使用定冠词the。C项为正确答案。32.Scientistssayitmaybefiveortenyears_____itispossibletotestthismedicineonhumanpatients.A.sinceB.beforeC.afterD.when【答案】B查看答案【解析】连词。句意：科学家说可能还需要5至10年，才有可能在病人身上测试这种药物。before“在……以前；在……之前”，这里表示在病人身上测试之前需要5至10年的时间。33.Iwalkedtoomuchyesterdayand_____arestillachingnow.A.myleg’smusclesB.mymusclesoflegC.mylegmusclesD.mymusclesoftheleg【答案】C查看答案【解析】名词作定语。句意：昨天走了太多的路，我的腿部肌肉现在还疼。此处leg为名词作定语，修饰muscles，指腿部肌肉。awomandoctor“女医生”也属于名词作定语的用法。所有格强调的是归属或所有关系，此处不符合题意。34.SirDenis,whois78,hasmadeitknownthatmuchofhiscollection_____tothenation.A.hasleftB.istoleaveC.leavesD.istobeleft【答案】D查看答案【解析】时态语态。句意：78的丹尼斯爵士已经公开宣布要把他的大部分收藏奉献给国家。分析句子结构，that后面接从句，具体说明丹尼斯爵士公布的事情。从句表示的是将来的事情，因此A项和C项均不符合题意。B项和D项均使用不定式表将来。muchofhiscollection和leave属于被动关系，需要使用被动语态，因此选D项。35.Jeandoesn’twanttoworkrightawaybecauseshethinksthatifshe_____ajobsheprobablywouldn’tbeabletoseeherfriendsveryoften.A.hastogetB.weretogetC.hadgotD.couldhavegot【答案】B查看答案【解析】虚拟语气。句意：句意：Jean不想马上工作，因为她认为如果有了工作，她就很可能不能经常见到朋友了。此处if后面使用weretodosth.表示对将来情况的虚拟，因此后面使用了would(not)do的结构。36.Theworld’ssuppliesofcopper_____.A.havebeengraduallybeingexhaustedB.hasgraduallyexhaustedC.aregraduallyexhaustedD.arebeinggraduallyexhausted【答案】D查看答案【解析】时态语态。句意：世界上的铜矿正在渐渐地被耗尽。根据句意，此处指正在进行的动作，需使用现在进行时态。并且copper和exhaust属于被动关系，需使用被动语态，因此只有D项符合。37.Hitler_____inhisroom.A.committedsuicideB.gotcommittedsuicideC.wascommittedsuicideD.wassuicide【答案】A查看答案【解析】语态。句意：希特勒在自己的房间里自杀。commitsuicide“自杀”，commit与Hitleer之间属于主动关系，不需要使用被动语态，只有A项符合。D项中suicide可以直接作不及物动词接在主语后面，不需要使用was。38.Billgotupandmadeamotionthatthemeeting_____.A.beadjournedB.shouldcancelC.begoingtocancelD.istoadjourn【答案】A查看答案【解析】虚拟语气。句意：比尔起身提出动议，会议应该延迟。分析句子结构，that后面引导同位语从句修饰amotion（动议，会议中临时提出建议），说明amotion代表的具体含义。对于表示建议、命令等意思的词如suggestion、proposal、recommendation、order、motion（动议），其同位语从句需要使用(should)+动词原形的形式表示虚拟。因此本题选A项。B项中cancel应该使用被动语态。39.Itisnogood_____persuademe.A.foryoutotrytoB.tryingtoC.ofyoutoD.ofyoutotryto【答案】B查看答案【解析】固定搭配。句意：说服我没有益处。Itisnogood/usedoingsth.做某事无益/无用。40.Themaintroubleis_____enoughknowledge.A.theirnothavingB.themnothavingC.theirsnothavingDforthemtonothave【答案】A查看答案【解析】动名词复合结构。句意：主要的麻烦是他们的知识不够。带有逻辑主语的动名词叫做“动名词复合结构”。本题中nothavingenoughknowledge的主语为they，因此使用动名词的复合结构，把they变成形容词性物主代词their，后面接动名词。二、改错题（共10小题，每题1分，共10分）Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addawordordeleteaword.Markoutthemistakesandputthecorrectionsintheblanksprovided.Ifyouchangeaword,crossitoutandwritethecorrectwordinthecorrespondingblank.Ifyouaddaword,putaninsertionmark(/\)intherightplaceandwritethemissingwordintheblank.Ifyoudeleteaword,crossitandputaslash(/)intheblank.Before1973,abortionwasillegalinAmericaunlessthewoman’shealthwasthreatened.InMarchof1970,JameRoe,asinglewoman,institutedthisfederalactionagainsttheDistrictatt-orneyofthecounty.Theoriginalideawasthatwomenwhotrulydidnotwantababyshouldnothavetohaveit.   41Sincepregnancymaybeablessedactwhenplannedorwanted, 42forcedpregnancy,likeanyforcedbodilyinvasion,isanathematoAmericanvaluesandtraditions.AslegalizedabortionhasbecomeaneverydaypartofAmericanlife,adifferentsidetoithasemergedout.43Wherewomenoncewereabortingbecausetheydidnotwantachild,thereasonsbeinggivennowwerebecomingverydifferent.44Abortionhasturnedintosomethingthatwomenarebeingcoercedfromboyfriends/husbandsunwillingtobefathers,outoffear45ofthefinancialpressure,outofpanicfromlosingtheirjobs,outofpanicfromhavingtoquittheschool,orbecominghomeless,orout46offearoftheirparentskickingthemoutintothestreet.Abortionforthesereasonscanleadtoproblemswhichdevelopwhenawomanisunabletogetroundheremotionalresponsesresul-   47tingfromthetraumaofanabortion.Therearewomenwhoabortanddosocompletelyofherownfreewill.Thesewomenhavenoregrets,48noremorse,butarehappytheyhadthischoiceavailable.But 49agrowingnumberofwomenarespeakingupabouthowabortioneffectedthemadversely. 50【答案与解析】41.it改为one（作代词时，it通常用于特指，one通常用于类指。此处指代前文的ababy，是类指，而不是特指某一个婴儿，所以应该用one。）42.Since改为While。（分析该句子，前后两个分句“pregnancymaybeablessedact”和“forcedpregnancy…isanathema”构成对比，所以应该使用表示对比的连词while。注意大写。）43．删除out。（emerge本身有“出现，显现，浮现”的意思，后面不需要使用副词out。）44.were改为are。（从句中说明的是过去的情况，因此使用过去时态，但是主句中讲的是“现在”的情况，使用了表示现在的now，所以应当用现在时。)45.from前面加into。（coercesomebodyintosomething意思是“胁迫某人做某事”。本句中指妇女被他们的男朋友或者丈夫胁迫去堕胎。）46．删除the。（quitschool“辍学”，school不是特指，前面不需要定冠词the。）47.round改为through。（本句句意：当女性无法克服由于堕胎带来的情感创伤时，此类堕胎导致的问题就会出现。getround意思为“说服；（消息）传开来；走动”，不符合题意，需使用getthrough，意思为“度过（经济，感情等的）难关”。48.her改为their。（这里指代前文中提到的women，应该使用复数形式their。）49．第一个but改为and。（根据句意，这些女性没有感到后悔，她们很高兴有这个选择，句子意思并不存在转折，所以应该使用and进行连接。）50.effected改为affected。（effect作动词时，意思为“产生；达到目的”。本处意思应该为影响，所以需使用affect。）三、阅读理解题（40分）SectionA.Multiplechoice（共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）Directions:Readthefollowingtwopassages.Answerthequestionsthatfollowed.Choosetheappropriateanswerforeachquestionandcircletheletterontheanswersheet.Text1Indevelopingamodelofcognition,wemustrecognizethatperceptionoftheexternalworlddoesnotalwaysremainindependentofmotivation.Whileprogresstowardmaturityispositivelycorrelatedwithdifferentiationbetweenmotivationandcognition,tensionwill,eveninthematureadult,militatetowardsanarrowingoftherangeofperceptionandinthelesseningoftheobjectivityofperception.Cognitioncanbeseenasthefirststepinthesequenceofeventsleadingfromtheexternalstimulustothebehavioroftheindividual.Thechilddevelopsfrombeliefthatallthingsareanextensionofitsownbodytotherecognitionthatobjectsexistindependentofhisperception.Hebeginstodemonstrateawarenessofpeopleandthingswhichareremovedfromhissensoryapparatusandinitiatesgoaldirectedbehaviors.Hemay,however,refusetorecognizetheexistenceofbarrierstotheattainmentofhisgoals,despitethefactthathiscognitionoftheseobjectshasbeenpreviouslydemonstrated.Intheprimitivebeing,goal-directedbehaviorcanbeverysimplymotivated.Thepresenceofanattractiveobjectwillcauseaninfanttoreachforit;itsremovalwillresultinthecessationofthataction.Studieshaveshownnoevidenceoftheinfant’sfrustration;rather,itappearsthattheinfantceasestodesiretheobjectwhenhecannotseeit.Furtherindicationsarethattheinfant’sattentiontotheattractiveobjectincreasesasaresultofitsnotbeinginhisgrasp.Infact,ifheholdsatoyandanotherispresented,heislikelytodropthefirstinordertoclutchthesecond.Often,oncehehastheonedesiredinhishands,helosesattentionandturnstosomethingelse.Inadultlife,merecognitioncanbesimilarlymotivational,althoughthevisiblepresenceoftheopportunityisnotrequiredastheinstigatorofresponse.Thematureadultmodifieshisreactionbyobtaininginformation,interpretingit,andexaminingconsequences.Heformulatesahypothesisandattemptstotestit.Hesearchesoutimplicitrelationships,examinesallfactors,anddifferentiatesamongthem.Justasthetrainedartistcanseparatethevaluesofcolour,composition,andtechnique,whiletakinginandevaluatingthewholework,so,too,thematurepersonbringshiscognitivelearningstrengthstobearinappraisingasituation.Understandingthatcognitionisseparatefromaction,hisreactionsareonlyminimallyguidedfromconditioning,andtakeintoconsiderationanticipatableevents.Theimpactofthesocializationprocess,particularlywhichofparentalandsocialgroupideology,mayreducecognitivelydirectedbehavior.Thetensionthusproduced,asforinstancethestressoffear,anger,orextremeemotion,willoftenbetheoverridinginfluence.Theevolutionaryprocessofdevelopmentfrombodyschemathroughtocognitivelearningissimilarlymanifestedintheprocessoflanguageacquisition.Auditingandspeakingdevelopfirst,readingandwritingmuchlateron.Notonlyisthisevidentinthedevelopmentoftheindividualhumanbeingfrominfancyon,butalsointhedevelopmentoflanguageforhumankind.Everynormalinfanthasthephysiologicalequipmentnecessarytoproducesound,butthechildmustfirstmastertheiruseforsucking,biting,andchewingbeforehecancontrolhisequipmentforuseinproducingthesoundsoflanguage.Thebabbleandchatteroftheinfantareprecursorstointelligiblevocalcommunication.Fromtheearliesttimes,itisclearthatlanguageandhumanthoughthavebeenintimatelyconnected.Sendingorreceivingmessages,fromprimitivewarningsofdangertoexplainingcreativeorreflectivethinking,thisaspectofcognitivedevelopmentisalsofirmlylinkedtotheneedsandaspirationsofsociety.51.Itcanbeinferredfromthispassagethattheauthorwouldsupporttheattitudetowardsartappreciationthat_____.A.aworkofartshouldnotbeanalyzedB.analysisofaworkofartmakesforgreaterunderstandingofitC.understandingthelifeoftheartisthelpsustounderstandhisworkD.allmaturepeoplecanunderstandartequallywell52.Thestatementwhichisneitherimpliednorstatedinthispassageis_____.A.Thechildisconcernedonlywithhisownbody.B.Thechildlearnstoactinawaythatwillservehisdesires.C.Theinfant’sattentioncanbedistractedfromanobjectbysimplyconcealingit.D.Theinfantfindsitdifficulttofocusattentiononmorethanoneobjectatatime.53.Itmaybeinferredfromthepassagethattheeffectsofsocietyonlearningmaybe_____.A.toenhancetheindividual’smotivationtolearnasquicklyaspossibleB.toodeterlearningbyreasonofanxietyaboutpossibleconflictwithideologyC:tobringman’sknowledgewithinthescopeofallD.tokeepalllearningatthesamestageofdevelopment54.Thepassageimpliesthat_____.A.speechisacquiredthroughdirectteachingB.theinfantshouldbetaughtnottobabbleC.infantswhodonotchatterwillneverlearntospeakD.infantsarebornwiththeabilitytospeakbuttheabilitytodosodependsupondevelopmentofphysicalfunctionsthroughnon-verbalactivities55.Itwouldappearfromthepassagethatitwouldbeusefulfortheparentofthenewbornto_____.A.givetheinfantwhatheneedsbeforehecriesB.teachtheinfanthowtospeakasquicklyaspossibleC.modelspeechsoundsandencouragetheinfanttoproducethemD.refusetheinfant’sdemandsuntilhemakesthemclear【答案与解析】51.B 根据第四段开头两句，对于成人，纯粹的认知也是一种动机。成人通过获取信息并进行解释评估，可以修正其反应。接着本段通过与艺术家评价作品做类比，最终总结到，“thematurepersonbringshiscognitivelearningstrengthstobearinappraisingasituation.”，也就是说人们像艺术评价作品一样去认知，就能发挥认知优势。也就是说通过分析作品，可以加深对作品的了解。因此选B项。52.A 第三段开头便提到，最初的生命，其被目的引导的行为其动机很简单。接着并举了一系列婴儿因为自己的动机而做出不同行为的例子，也就是说婴儿行为的出发点为他的动机，这与B项相符，因此B项排除。第三段第三句提到，研究表明当婴儿看不到物品时，就会终止愿望，而不是感到沮丧，这与C项“简单的隐藏物品就能分散婴儿对该物品的注意力”相符，因此排除C项。第三段最后两句提到，当婴儿被另外的物品吸引时，会丢下第一件去拿第二件（dropthefirstinordertoclutchthesecond），这暗示了婴儿的注意力难以一次集中到多件事情上。因此D项排除。本段明确提到孩子对于身体以外的物品的愿望，A项明显与原文不符，因此选A项。53.B 第六段提到了“Theimpactofthesocializationprocess…mayreducecognitivelydirectedbehavior”，即社会化的程序能削弱认知，本段还提到了社会群体的意识形态（socialgroupideology）及他们之间可能会产生冲突（Thetensionthusproduced）。B项符合原文，因此选B项。54.D 倒数第二段提到，正常婴儿都有发出声音的身体器官（physiologicalequipment），但是在掌握语言之前需要学会一系列与语言无关的活动，如sucking,biting,andchewing等。也就是说，婴儿天生就有说话的能力，但是这一能力依存于其他和非语言的活动。D项正确，因此选D项。C项过于绝对，与原文不符，排除。55.C 倒数第二段最后一句提到，婴儿的牙牙学语是语言能力的预兆，也就是说应该鼓励孩子牙牙学语，C项符合，因此选C项。B项和D项与本段内容相反，因此排除。A项文中没有提及，因此排除。Text2Inareactionagainstatoo-rigid,overrefinedclassicalcurriculum,someeducationalphilosophershaveswungsharplytoanespousalof“lifeexperience”asthesolesourceoflearning.UsingtheirnarrowinterpretationofJohnDewey’stheoriesasabaseforsupport,theyconcludethatonlythrough“doing”canlearningtakeplace.Spoutingsuchphrasesas,“Teachthechild,notthesubject.”theydemand,withoutsensingitsabsurdity,andendtorigorousstudyasameansofopeningthewaytolearning.Whilenotalladherentstothisapproachwouldtotallyeliminateastudyofgreatbooks,theinfluenceofthisphilosophyhasbeenfeltinthepublicschoolcurricula,asevidencedbythegradualsubordinationofgreatliterature.Whatisthepurposeofliterature?Whyread,iflifealoneistobeourteacher?JamesJoycestatesthattheartistrevealsthehumansituationbyrecreatinglifeoutoflife;Aristotlethatartpresentsuniversaltruthsbecauseitsformistakenfromnature.Thus,consciouslyorotherwise,thegreatwriterrevealsthehumansituationmosttellingly,extendingourunderstandingofourselvesandourworld.Wecansoarwiththewritertotheheightsofman’saspirations,orplummetwithhimtotragicdespair.TheworksofSteinbeck,Anderson,andSalinger;thepoetryofWhitman,Sandburg,andFrost;theplaysofIbsen,Miller,andO’Neil;Allpresentstarklyrealisticportrayalsoflife’sproblems.Reality?Yes!Buthowmuchwideristheunderstandingwegainthanthatattainedbyviewinglifethroughthekeyholeofoursingleexistence.CanwemeasuretherichnessgainedbytheyoungreaderventuringdowntheMississippiwithTomandHuck,orcheeringIvanhoeashebattlestheBlackKnight;thedeepeningunderstandingofthematurereaderofthetragicSouthofWilliamFaulknerandTennesseeWilliams,oftheawesomedetermination—andfrailty—ofPatrickWhite’sAustralianpioneers?Thisfunctionofliterature,theenlargingofourownlifesphere,isofitselfofmajorimportance.Additionally,however,ithasbeensuggestedthatsolutionsofsocialproblemsmaybesuggestedinthestudyofliterature.Theoverweeningambitionsofpoliticalleaders—andtheirsneeringcontemptforthelaw—didnotappearforthefirsttimeinthewritingsofBernsteinandWoodward;theproblems,andtheconsequentactions,oftheguilt-riddendidnotawaittheappearanceofthebeardedpsychoanalystofthetwentiethcentury.FederalJudgeLearnedHandhaswritten,“Iventuretobelievethatitisasimportanttoajudgecalledupontopassonaquestionofconstitutionallaw,tohaveatleastabowingacquaintancewithThucydides,Gibbon,andCarlyle,withHomer,Dante,Shakespeare,andMilton,withMontaigneandRabelais,withPlato,Bacon,Hume,andKant,aswiththebookswhichhavebeenspecificallywrittenonthesubject.Forinsuchmatterseverythingturnsuponthespiritinwhichheapproachesthequestionsbeforehim.”Butwhatofourdissenters?Canweovercomethedisapprovaloftheir“lifeexperienceclassroom”theoryoflearning?Wemuststartwiththefieldofagreement—thateducationshouldservetoimprovetheindividualandsociety.Wemusteducatethemtotheunderstandingthatthevoiceofhumanexperienceshouldstretchourhumanfaculties,andopensustolearning.Wemustconvincethem—intheirownpersonallanguageperhaps—ofthe“togetherness”oflifeandart;wemustprovetothemthatfarfrombeingseparate,literatureisthatpartoflifewhichillumineslife.56.Accordingtothepassage,theendgoalofgreatliteratureis_____.A.therecountingofdramaticandexcitingstories,andthecreationofcharactersB.tocreateanewasynthesisoflifethatilluminesthehumanconditionC.theteachingofmoralityandethicalbehaviorD.towriteabouttragedyanddespair57.Intheauthor’sopinion,asseeninthispassageoneoutcomeoftheinfluenceofthe“lifeexperience”adherentshasbeen_____.A.thegradualsubordinationofthestudyofgreatliteratureintheschoolsB.anarrowedinterpretationofthetheoriesofJohnDeweyC.asharpswingoverto“learningthroughdoing”D.anendtorigorousstudyasawayoflearning58.Astheauthorseesit,oneofthemostimportantgainsfromthestudyofgreatliteratureis_____.A.enrichmentofourunderstandingofthepastB.broadeningofourapproachestosocialproblemsC.thatitgivesusabowingacquaintancewithgreatfiguresofthepastD.thatitprovidesuswithvicariousexperienceswhichprovideamuchbroaderexperiencethanwecangetfromexperiencesofsimplyourownlivesalone59.Theauthor’spurposeinthispassageisto_____.A.listthosewriterswhomakeupthebackboneofagreatliteraturecurriculumB.comparetheyoungreader’sexperiencewithliteraturetothatofthematurereaderC.advocatetheadoptionofthe“lifeexperience”approachtoteachingD.pleadfortheretentionofgreatliteratureasafundamentalpartofthecurriculum60.Theauthor’sreasonforquotingJudgeHandisto_____.A.callattentiontothewritingofThucydidesandCarlyleB.supportthethesisoftheauthorthatliteraturebroadensourunderstandingandstretchesourfacultiesC.pointoutthatconstitutionallawisapartofthegreatliteratureofourpastD.showthateveryone,includingjudges,enjoysreading.【答案与解析】56.B 第二段开头便设问文学作品的目的是什么？接着本段通过乔伊斯与亚里士多德的观点揭示了答案，并且在最后总结到伟大的作家能够“revealsthehumansituation…extendingourunderstandingofourselvesandourworld”，B项符合原文，因此选B项。57.A 根据第一段最后一句“虽然并不是所有这一理论的支持者都要完全抹杀对书本的学习，但是在公共学校的课程表中能够感受到这一理论的影响，伟大的文学作品的地位正在逐渐下降（thegradualsubordinationofgreatliterature）”，由此可知，正确答案为A项。58.D 根据第五段第一句“书本的这一扩大我们生活领域（theenlargingofourownlifesphere）的作用本身就具有巨大的重要性”。而通过第二、三和四段可知，这里的theenlargingofourownlifesphere指的就是可以通过书中的人物经历来了解到许多他们一生都不可能经历的事情。D项符合题意，因此选D项。59.D 分析全文，文章首段首先提到“lifeexperience”这种方法的狭隘性，使得公共学校课程中的文学作品地位下降。紧接着作者开始论证伟大作品的目的及重要作用，并且在最后一段中提到，需要通过教育来了解伟大作品，克服“经验说”理论。由此可见，本文目的实际上是在呼吁保留文学课程，因此选D项。60.B 文章第五段第二句提到，伟大作品中可能会涉及到社会问题的解决之道，接着文章开始对此进行论证，并在第六段引用FederalJudgeLearnedHand的话指出，即使对于法官，了解一些伟大作家及其书籍也是必不可少的，因为很多问题都会通过这些书籍展现出来。由此可知，引用JudgeHand的话原因在于证明伟大作品有利于拓展我们的理解，提高我们的能力。因此B项为正确答案。A项和C项只是JudgeHand举的部分例子，并不是作者举例的原因。Text3Ithasalwaysbeendifficultforthephilosopherorscientisttofittimeintohisviewoftheuniverse.PriortoEinsteinianphysics,therewasnotrulyadequateformulationoftherelationshipoftimetotheotherforcesintheuniverse,eventhoughsomeempiricalequationsincludedtimequantities.However,eventheEinsteinianformulationisnotperhapstotallyadequatetothejoboftiringtimeintotheproperrelationshipwiththeotherdimensions,astheyarecalled,ofspace.Theprimaryproblemarisesinrelationtothingswhichmightbegoingfasterthanthespeedoflight,or