北京市昌平区高三二模英语试卷

昌平区2023年高三年级第二次统一练习英语试卷笔试部分本试卷共12页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。“Deardepartment,IwouldlikeyourapprovalifIcanhaveaunicorn(独角兽)inmybackyardifIcanfindone.Pleasesendmealetterinresponse.”Inmid-November,Joycewrotealettertothelocaldepartmentofanimalcareandcontrolwitha(n)___1___request.DirectorAnnabelleBradshawwrotebackafewweekslaterwithgoodnews.Shesaidthedepartmentdoesinfactlicenseunicornsundercertain___2___.Thoseincludepolishingtheunicorn’shorn(角)atleastonceamonth,givingit___3___accesstosunlight,moonlightandrainbows,andfeedingitwatermelonsatleastonceaweek.___4___thatJoycewouldmeetalltherequirements,Bradshawsenthera“preapprovedunicornlicense”forherfuturepet.“Itisalways___5___tohearfromyoungpeoplewhoconsiderprovidingalovinghometoanimals.”Bradshawwrote.Shedealswithalotof“emotionallyexhausting”issuesonthejob.SoJoyce’sletterhas___6___brightenedherspirits.Thefirst-graderalso___7___herforwantingtoaskpermissioninthefirstplace,anddoingherresearchtofigureouthowtogoaboutthat.Joyce’smotherdidn’twantto___8___herwhensheaskedforaunicornatfirst,soadviseditmightcomedowntogettingapproval.Joyceagreedandshe___9___andanhourlatershecamebackandsaid,“Willyouhelpme____10____this?”Whiletheletterwasreceivedandrepliedtoinamatterofweeks,Joycethoughtthelicensewouldbeaperfectpresentforherbirthdaythismonth.1.A.special B.urgent C.reasonable D.silly2.A.structures B.conditions C.systems D.programs3.A.regular B.similar C.fair D.instant4.A.Upset B.Concerned C.Confident D.Surprised5.A.useful B.rewarding C.necessary D.important6.A.normally B.gradually C.greatly D.carefully7.A.impressed B.admired C.amused D.challenged8.A.comfort B.punish C.excuse D.discourage9.A.gaveup B.fellover C.stoodout D.marchedoff10.A.test B.mail C.record D.download【答案】1.A2.B3.A4.C5.B6.C7.A8.D9.D10.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了11岁的乔伊斯写信给当地动物保护和控制部门写了一封信，提出了一个希望获得养独角兽的批准。【1题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：11月中旬，乔伊斯给当地动物保护和控制部门写了一封信，提出了一个特殊的要求。A.special特殊的；B.urgent紧急的；C.reasonable合理的；D.silly愚蠢的。根据上文“IwouldlikeyourapprovalifIcanhaveaunicorninmybackyardifIcanfindone.(如果我能在后院养一只独角兽，我希望你能同意如果我能找到的话)”可知乔伊斯提出了特殊的要求，想要养独角兽。故选A。【2题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她说，在某些条件下，该部门确实会给养独角兽发放许可证。A.structures结构；B.conditions条件；C.systems系统；D.programs项目。根据上文“Shesaidthedepartmentdoesinfactlicenseunicornsundercertain”指在某些条件下，该部门确实会给养独角兽发放许可证。故选B。【3题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些措施包括每月至少擦拭一次独角兽的角，定期让它接触阳光、月光和彩虹，每周至少喂它一次西瓜。A.regular定期的；B.similar相似的；C.fair公平的；D.instant立即的。根据上文“Thoseincludepolishingtheunicorn’shornatleastonceamonth”可知，此处是在介绍独角兽的日常养护，即每月至少擦拭一次独角兽的角，定期让它接触阳光、月光和彩虹，故选A。【4题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：布拉德肖相信乔伊斯能满足所有要求，于是给她寄了一张“预先批准的独角兽执照”。A.Upset沮丧的；B.Concerned担忧的；C.Confident自信的、确信的；D.Surprised惊讶的。根据后文“thatJoycewouldmeetalltherequirements,Bradshawsenthera“preapprovedunicornlicense”forherfuturepet.”可知，布拉德肖相信乔伊斯能满足所有要求，于是给她寄了一张“预先批准的独角兽执照”。故选C。【5题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“听到年轻人考虑为动物提供一个充满爱的家，总是很有意义的。”布拉德肖写道。A.useful有用的；B.rewarding有意义的；C.necessary必要的；D.important重要的。根据后文“tohearfromyoungpeoplewhoconsiderprovidingalovinghometoanimals”可知，年轻人考虑为动物提供一个充满爱的家，总是很有意义的。故选B。【6题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：所以乔伊斯的信使她的精神大为振奋。A.normally正常地；B.gradually逐渐地；C.greatly非常；D.carefully仔细地。根据后文“brightenedherspirits”可知，乔伊斯的信使布拉德肖的精神大为振奋。故选C。【7题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个一年级的学生也给她留下了深刻的印象，因为她一开始就想要征得她的同意，并做了调查来弄清楚如何做到这一点。A.impressed使印象深刻；B.admired钦佩；C.amused逗乐；D.challenged挑战。根据后文“herforwantingtoaskpermissioninthefirstplace,anddoingherresearchtofigureouthowtogoaboutthat”可知，乔伊斯为了养独角兽做了很多工作，给布拉德肖留下了深刻的印象，故选A。【8题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：乔伊斯一开始要求养独角兽时，她的母亲不想让她气馁，所以建议她先得到批准。A.comfort安慰；B.punish惩罚；C.excuse原谅；D.discourage使气馁。根据后文“herwhensheaskedforaunicornatfirst,soadviseditmightcomedowntogettingapproval”可知，她的母亲不想让她气馁，所以建议她先得到批准。故选D。【9题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：乔伊斯同意了，然后走开了。A.gaveup放弃；B.fellover摔倒；C.stoodout突出；D.marchedoff离去、出发。根据后文“andanhourlatershecamebackandsaid,“Willyouhelpmemailthis?””可知，乔伊斯暂时走开去写信了，故选D。【10题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个小时后，她回来说：“你能帮我寄这封信吗？”A.test测试；B.mail邮寄；C.record记录；D.download下载。根据后文“Whiletheletterwasreceived”可知，乔伊斯写了信，让妈妈邮寄。故选B。第二节(共10小题;每小题分，共15分)A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Becauseofthechangesthatoccurredovertea’sextremelylonghistory,thetea-makingprocess____11____(become)verycomplicatedanddiversetoday.Tofollowtheratherstrictsteps____12____mayincludedozensofsmallersteps,generallyspeaking,ittakesabouthalfamonthtocompletethe____13____(begin)processessuchasteapicking,selectinganddrying.Inordertoreachthehigheststandard,ittakesatleastawholemonthonlytodrytheteaasdryasitcanget.Soittakesseveralmonthsalone____14____goodteaproductsarereadyforconsumers.【答案】11.hasbecome12.which##that13.beginning14.before【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。由于茶在极其漫长的历史中发生了变化，今天的制茶过程变得非常复杂和多样化。要遵循相当严格的步骤，可能包括几十个小步骤，一般来说，需要大约半个月的时间来完成采摘，选择和干燥等最初的过程。为了达到最高标准，至少要花整整一个月的时间才能把茶弄干。因此，好的茶叶产品要为消费者准备好就需要几个月的时间。【11题详解】考查时态。句意：由于茶在极其漫长的历史中发生了变化，今天的制茶过程变得非常复杂和多样化。此处过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响用现在完成时，主语为thetea-makingprocess，助动词用has。故填hasbecome。【12题详解】考查定语从句。句意：要遵循相当严格的步骤，可能包括几十个小步骤，一般来说，需要大约半个月的时间来完成采摘，选择和干燥等最初的过程。定语从句修饰先行词steps，在从句作主语，指物，故填which/that。【13题详解】考查名词。句意：要遵循相当严格的步骤，可能包括几十个小步骤，一般来说，需要大约半个月的时间来完成采摘，选择和干燥等最初的过程。作定语修饰名词processes，应用beginning。故填beginning。【14题详解】考查固定句型。句意：因此，好的茶叶产品要为消费者准备好就需要几个月的时间。此处为ittakes+一段时间+before，表示“过多久才……”。故填before。B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Toremaincompetitivethroughouttheircareers,studentsneedtolearnhowtouseanAIwritingtooltomakeworthwhileoutput____15____knowhowtoevaluateitsquality,accuracyandoriginality.Theyneedtolearntocomposewell-organizedessaysinvolvingamixofAI-generatedtextand____16____(tradition)writing.Whenworkingintothe2060sandbeyond,professionals____17____(learn)howtoengageproductivelywithAIsystems,usingthemtoenhancehumancreativity.【答案】15.and16.traditional17.willlearn【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。为了在整个职业生涯中保持竞争力，学生们需要学习如何使用人工智能写作工具做出有价值的产出，并知道如何评估其质量、准确性和独创性。他们需要学习撰写组织良好的文章，包括人工智能生成的文本和传统写作的结合。在20世纪60年代及以后的工作中，专业人士将学习如何有效地使用人工智能系统，利用它们来增强人类的创造力。【15题详解】考查连词。句意：为了在整个职业生涯中保持竞争力，学生们需要学习如何使用人工智能写作工具做出有价值的产出，并知道如何评估其质量、准确性和独创性。此处前后文为并列关系，应用连词and。故填and。【16题详解】考查形容词。句意：他们需要学习撰写组织良好的文章，包括人工智能生成的文本和传统写作的结合。修饰名词writing应用形容词traditional，作定语。故填traditional。【17题详解】考查时态。句意：在20世纪60年代及以后的工作中，专业人士将学习如何有效地使用人工智能系统，利用它们来增强人类的创造力。根据上文Whenworkingintothe2060sandbeyond可知为一般将来时。故填willlearn。C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Mynewbookcelebratesthepowerofmathematicalthinkingtogetyoutoyourgoal____18____(success)withouthoursoflabour.It’syourshortcutthatmathematicians____19____mehavecomeupwithtoyourdestination.Ofcourse,whileI____20____(produce)ThinkingBetter:Theartoftheshortcut,Ireadagoodfewbooks.Here’salistofthosethatwerethemostinfluentialinmyjourneytofindthesmartestwaysofthinking.【答案】18.successfully19.like20.wasproducing【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者的新书。【18题详解】考查副词。句意：我的新书颂扬了数学思维的力量，它能让你不花几个小时就成功地达到目标。修饰动词get应用副词successfully，故填successfully。【19题详解】考查介词。句意：这是像我这样的数学家想出来的通往目的地的捷径。后跟me作宾语，表示“像”应用like。故填like。【20题详解】考查时态。句意：当然，当我在写《思考得更好：捷径的艺术》的时候，我读了不少书。此处从句表示动作正在进行，且发生在过去，用过去进行时，主语为I，谓语用单数。故填wasproducing。第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AEveryeventherefeaturesanotedscientistwhodiscussesadifferentcosmic(宇宙的)topic.TheywillbepresentedwithalivestreamtoourScienceWorldofficialwebsiteandquestionscanbeaskedinthewebsitechat.BlackHoles7:30PM-8:30PM,May.19,2023Description:Mostgalaxies(星系)haveasupermassiveblackholeattheircenter.Theseblackholeshelpdeterminehowgalaxieswilldevelopovertime.JoinDr.AnselNetscherforanoutlineofblackholes.Youcanalsoexplorehowsupermassiveblackholesmaydecidethedevelopmentofgalaxies.TheWebbImagery8:00PM-9:30PM,May.28,2023Description:Theamazingvisionshaveattractedtheworld.Butthere’salongandinvolvedprocessbywhichscientists’black-and-whiteobservationaldataistransformedintodynamiccolorimageryforthepublic.JoinimagespecialistRalphWilsonashediscussestheartandscienceoftranslatinginfraredlight.HuntforDistantWorlds7:00PM-8:00PM,Jun.3,2023Description:SincethediscoveryofthefirstplanetorbitingaSun-likestarin1995,morethan4,000exoplanetshavebeenfound.ThesewidespreadplanetsystemsconfirmthatoursolarsystemisjustoneofmanyinourMilkyWaygalaxy.Thediscoveryofsuchsystemshasprovidedinterestinginsights,challengingourviewsabouthowplanetsystemsformanddevelop.JoinDr.AmandaGarciaasshedescribesthescientifichuntforthesedistantworlds.MarsandBeyond10:00AM-11:30AM,Jun.4,2023Description:WillweeverreachMars?Andwhatwillittaketotraveltootherstars?Dr.CamilleLopezwillmeetthesequestionswithaspeechofwhatwecanexpectinthenext30years.It’sbasedonwhatispracticalandreasonablewhenweconsiderthebiological,economic,andphilosophicalconcernsthatconnectwiththeengineeringchallengesofspacehabitationandexploration.21.Interestedinthedevelopmentofplanetorstarsystem,youcanchoose________.①BlackHoles②TheWebbImagery③HuntforDistantWorlds④MarsandBeyondA.①④ B.②④ C.①③ D.②③22.WhatwillyoulearnfromMarsandBeyond?A.Prospectofspacetravel. B.Applicationofarttoscience.CTheoriginandfutureofMars. D.Detailedplanofspacehabitation.23.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?ATopublicizeonlinepubliclectures.B.Tocompareeventsofstudyingscience.C.Tostresstheimportanceofspaceexploration.D.Toexpandpeople’sknowledgeaboutuniverse.【答案】21.C22.A23.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个网上讲座的情况。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据BlackHoles部分中“Theseblackholeshelpdeterminehowgalaxieswilldevelopovertime.(这些黑洞有助于确定星系如何随着时间的推移而发展)”以及HuntforDistantWorlds部分中“Thediscoveryofsuchsystemshasprovidedinterestinginsights,challengingourviewsabouthowplanetsystemsformanddevelop.(这些系统的发现提供了有趣的见解，挑战了我们关于行星系统如何形成和发展的观点)”可知，对行星或恒星系统的发展感兴趣，可以选择BlackHoles和HuntforDistantWorlds。故选C。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一部分“Description:WillweeverreachMars?Andwhatwillittaketotraveltootherstars?Dr.CamilleLopezwillmeetthesequestionswithaspeechofwhatwecanexpectinthenext30years.(我们会到达火星吗？去其他星球旅行需要什么？卡米尔·洛佩斯博士将在演讲中回答这些问题，讲述我们对未来30年的期望)”可知，可以从MarsandBeyond了解到太空旅行的前景。故选A。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Everyeventherefeaturesanotedscientistwhodiscussesadifferentcosmic(宇宙的)topic.TheywillbepresentedwithalivestreamtoourScienceWorldofficialwebsiteandquestionscanbeaskedinthewebsitechat.(这里的每个活动都有一位著名的科学家来讨论不同的宇宙主题。他们将在我们的科学世界官方网站上进行直播，并可以在网站聊天中提出问题)”结合文章主要介绍了四个网上讲座的情况。可推知，文章的主要目的是宣传网上公开讲座。故选A。BEverwonderwhathappenstospacecraftaftertheygetlaunchedtospace?Well,thatiswheremyjobasaninstrumentoperationsengineercomesin.Myjobconsistsofplanning,generating,andoperatingscientificinstrumentsin-flight.IamgratefulforhavingworkedonmissionsatSaturn,theMoon,andourownplanetEarth.WhenIwasahigh-schooler,IwasunsureofwhatcollegeIwantedtoattend,orwhatmajorIwantedtochoose.AfterreceivinganemailfromacollegecalledMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT),Idecidedtoapplytoasummerprogramtheywereofferingwiththeencouragementofmymom.Afterparticipatinginthatprogram,IknewthatMITwastherightuniversityforme.Thepassionatestudentsandboundlessopportunitiesdevelopedafeelingofbelonginginmethatledmetoapplyandeventuallygetaccepted.ThemostexcitingandfulfillingpartofbeinganengineeristhatIamabletoworkonprojectsthatbenefithumanity.Whenpeoplethinkofthespaceindustry,theypicturetheouterreachesofoursolarsystem.Whattheymaynotimagineisthegreatbodyofworkbeingdonetostudyourownhome-Earth.Iamthankfultohaveacareerthatallowsmetocommitmyselftothatresponsibility.ThehighlightofmycareerhasbeenwitnessingtheendoftheCassinimissiontoSaturn.SomeofthepeopleontheteamhadbeenworkingonthemissionforlongerthanIhadbeenalive,buttheystilltreatedmeasoneoftheirown.Iwasgiventheopportunitytooperatethecamerasthatwouldcatchbreathtakingimagesoftheplanet.AndwhentheCassinispacecrafthadrunoutoffuel,Iquicklylearnedthatitwasnotjusttheendofthemission,buttheendofateam.ThenightwewatchedwithbittersweetlongingasitssignalfadedtonothingissomethingthatIwillalwayskeepinmymemories.AndwhileCassiniwillberememberedforitshistoriccontributions,whatIwillrememberitforistheteamitbroughttogether.Myfriendsoftenaskwhyagirlcouldachieveallthese.Ialwaysgrewupabigfanoffiction.IreadtheHarryPotterbooksandlovedanythingfantasy.Irealizedthatacommonthemeofherostoriesisthattheheromustalwaysmakeachoicetostarttheiradventure.Ifyoudon’tpickuptheswordinyourownstorybecauseyouareafraidofwhatmayhappennext,yourisknothavingastoryatall.24.WhydidtheauthorapplytoMIT?A.ThemajorsinMITinterestedher. B.HermotherurgedhertogotoMIT.C.Shesetthisgoalasahigh-schooler. D.AsummerprogrammadeherloveMIT.25.Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutheroccupation?A.It’seasytopredictwhatshedoes. B.It’shardforagirltohavesuchacareer.C.Sheisannoyedbybeingmisunderstood. D.Sheisproudtoworkforhumanwell-being.26.WhatdoestheauthorvaluemostintheCassinimission?A.Itshistoriccontributions. B.Theteamitbroughttogether.C.Breathtakingimagesoftheplanet. D.Theopportunitytooperatethecameras.27.Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?A.Practicemakesperfect. B.Nowayisimpossibletocourage.C.Wellbegunishalfdone. D.Timelostcannotbewonagain.【答案】24.D25.D26.B27.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者是一名工程师，工作包括规划、制作和操作飞行中的科学仪器。作者认为自己从事有益于人类的项目，感到感激和满足。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“AfterreceivinganemailfromacollegecalledMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT),Idecidedtoapplytoasummerprogramtheywereofferingwiththeencouragementofmymom.Afterparticipatinginthatprogram,IknewthatMITwastherightuniversityforme.(在收到一封来自麻省理工学院的电子邮件后，在我妈妈的鼓励下，我决定申请他们提供的暑期项目。在参加了这个项目之后，我知道MIT是适合我的大学)”可知，作者申请麻省理工学院是因为一个暑期项目使她爱上了麻省理工学院。故选D。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“ThemostexcitingandfulfillingpartofbeinganengineeristhatIamabletoworkonprojectsthatbenefithumanity.(作为一名工程师，最令人兴奋和满足的部分是我能够从事有益于人类的项目)”以及“Whattheymaynotimagineisthegreatbodyofworkbeingdonetostudyourownhome-Earth.Iamthankfultohaveacareerthatallowsmetocommitmyselftothatresponsibility.(他们可能无法想象的是，研究我们自己的家园地球的大量工作正在进行。我很感激有这样一份工作，能让我承担起这样的责任)”可知，作者因自己为人类福祉而工作而自豪。故选D。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“AndwhileCassiniwillberememberedforitshistoriccontributions,whatIwillrememberitforistheteamitbroughttogether.(虽然卡西尼号将因其历史性贡献而被铭记，但我将铭记的是它所凝聚的团队)”可知，在卡西尼号任务中，作者最看重的是它所凝聚的团队。故选B。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Irealizedthatacommonthemeofherostoriesisthattheheromustalwaysmakeachoicetostarttheiradventure.Ifyoudon’tpickuptheswordinyourownstorybecauseyouareafraidofwhatmayhappennext,yourisknothavingastoryatall.(我意识到英雄故事的一个共同主题是，英雄必须总是做出选择，开始他们的冒险。如果你在自己的故事中因为害怕接下来可能发生的事情而不拿起剑，你就有可能根本没有故事)”可知，我们能从这个故事中学到“勇者无惧”的道理。故选B。CHaveyoueverbeenindecisiveinthedecisionofwhatcolorcaryoulike?LastNovember,amagazinewithgreatinfluencerevealeditsannuallistoftheBestInventions,whicharechanginghowwelive,work,play,andthinkaboutwhat’spossible.Oneoftheseinventionswasthe“colorchangingcar”.Atthe2022ConsumerElectronicsShow,afamouscarcompanyshowcasedaconceptcarthatcanchangecolors.Thesurfacecoatingofthiscarfeaturese-inkthatismostwell-knownfromthedisplaysofe-readers.Itcontainsmanymillionsofmicro-capsules,eachofwhichcontainsnegativelychargedwhitepigments(颜料)andpositivelychargedblackpigments.Dependingonthechosensetting,stimulationbymeansofanelectricalfieldcauseseitherthewhiteortheblackpigmentstocollectatthesurfaceofthemicro-capsule,givingthecarbodythedesiredshade.Thecolorchosenforacarisanexpressionofthedriver’spersonalities.Itoffersacompletelynewwayofchangingthevehicle’sappearanceinlinewiththedriver’spreferences,theenvironmentalconditionsorevenfunctionalrequirements.Avariableexteriorcolorcancontributetoenergysavingandwellnessintheinterior.Thisisdonebytakingintoaccountthedifferentabilitiesoflightanddarkcolorswhenitcomestoreflectingsunlightandtheassociatedabsorptionofthermalenergy.Heatingofthevehicleasaresultofstrongsunlightandhighoutsidetemperaturescanbereducedbychangingtheexteriortoalightcolor.Incoolerweather,adarkouterskinwillhelpthevehicletoabsorbnoticeablymorewarmthfromthesun.Thiswouldreducetheamountofenergythevehicleelectricalsystemneeds,loweringthefuelorelectricityconsumption.Intheinterior,thetechnologycould,forexample,preventthedashboardfromheatinguptoomuch.Inelectriccars,changingthecolorwiththeweatherwouldthusincreasetherangeofthecar.Consideringtherecentpushforelectricvehicles,thiscolorchangingtechnologycouldbeagame-changer.“Digitalexperienceswon’tjustbelimitedtodisplaysinthefuture.Therewillbemoreandmoreconnectionbetweentherealandvirtual.Withthisconceptcar,wearebringingthecarbodytolife,”saysFrankWeber,amemberoftheboardofthiscompany.28.Theconceptcarcanchangecolorsmainlybecauseof________.A.thereflectionofsunlight B.thestabilityofelectricalfieldC.theareaofwhiteandblacke-ink D.thegatheringofchargedpigments29.Asforthecolorchangingcar,whichwouldtheauthoragreewith?A.Itwillbeputintomassproductioninthenearfuture.B.Itcanchangecolorsautomaticallyaccordingtoweather.C.Itcanshowpersonalitiesandimprovecarperformance.D.Itwillsaveenergybytransformingheatintoelectricalenergy.30.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.CarDesign:NewChallenges B.TheDevelopmentofCarExteriorC.MagicalE-inkinCarDesign D.NewInventionofCars:TailoredExterior【答案】28.D29.C30.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款变色车，说明了其会变色背后的原理以及这种车的好处。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Atthe2022ConsumerElectronicsShow,afamouscarcompanyshowcasedaconceptcarthatcanchangecolors.Thesurfacecoatingofthiscarfeaturese-inkthatismostwell-knownfromthedisplaysofe-readers.Itcontainsmanymillionsofmicro-capsules,eachofwhichcontainsnegativelychargedwhitepigments(颜料)andpositivelychargedblackpigments.Dependingonthechosensetting,stimulationbymeansofanelectricalfieldcauseseitherthewhiteortheblackpigmentstocollectatthesurfaceofthemicro-capsule,givingthecarbodythedesiredshade.(在2022年国际消费电子展上，一家著名汽车公司展示了一款可以变色的概念车。这辆车的表面涂层具有电子墨水，这是最著名的电子阅读器显示器。它包含数百万个微胶囊，每个微胶囊都含有带负电的白色色素和带正电的黑色色素。根据所选择的设置，电场的刺激会使白色或黑色颜料聚集在微胶囊的表面，从而使车身呈现出所需的阴影)”可知，这款概念车之所以能变色，主要是因为带电颜料的聚集。故选D。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Thecolorchosenforacarisanexpressionofthedriver’spersonalities.Itoffersacompletelynewwayofchangingthevehicle’sappearanceinlinewiththedriver’spreferences,theenvironmentalconditionsorevenfunctionalrequirements.(汽车的颜色是司机个性的体现。它提供了一种全新的方式，可以根据驾驶员的喜好、环境条件甚至功能要求来改变车辆的外观)”以及第四段“Avariableexteriorcolorcancontributetoenergysavingandwellnessintheinterior.(一个可变的外部颜色可以有助于节能和健康的内部)”可知，变色车可以彰显个性，提高汽车性能。故选C。【30题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“LastNovember,amagazinewithgreatinfluencerevealeditsannuallistoftheBestInventions,whicharechanginghowwelive,work,play,andthinkaboutwhat’spossible.Oneoftheseinventionswasthe“colorchangingcar”.(去年11月，一家极具影响力的杂志公布了年度最佳发明名单，这些发明正在改变我们的生活、工作、娱乐和思考可能发生的事情。其中一项发明是“变色车”)”结合文章主要介绍了一款变色车，说明了其会变色背后的原理以及这种车的好处。可知，D选项“汽车的新发明：定制的外观”最符合文章标题。故选D。DDoyouknowforestsareoneofourplanet’sgreatestcarbonsinks?Thismeansthattheyabsorbanenormousamountofcarbonreleasedintotheatmosphere,agreenhousegasthatcontributestoclimatechangeandtheearth’srisingtemperature.Thepoplartree,standingtallandregal,isknownforitsfast-growingnatureanditsgray,white,orblackbark.AbiotechnologyfirminSanFrancisco,CA,geneticallymodifiedpoplartrees.Accordingtoafour-monthstudyconductedintheirgreenhouse,theengineeredtreesgrew53%largerthantheirnormalcounterpartsandstored27%moreCO2.InFebruary2023,thecompanyalsoplantedmodifiedpoplartreesinsouthernGeorgia.ThismarksthefirsttimeintheUnitedStatesthatengineeredtreeshavebeenplantedoutsideofacontrolledlabsetting!Allplantsexperiencephotosynthesis(光合作用),wheresunlight,water,andCO2aretransformedintoglucoseandoxygen.However,almostalltreesreleaseapoisonoussubstanceintheprocess.Toremovethissubstance,treesmustuseupnewly-producedenergyinanotherstepknownasphoto-respiration(光呼吸作用),whichdoesnotproduceanyenergyandreleasesCO2backintotheatmosphere.Topreventplantsfromwastingtheirenergy,thebiotechnologyfirmengineeredtheirpoplartreeswithgenesfoundingreenalgae.Firsttestedintobaccoplants,theforeigngeneschangethepoisonoussubstanceproducedbytreesintosugars,sothatmoreenergycanbeusedforremovingcarbonandtreegrowth.Researchersfromthecompanyareplantingtheirpoplartreesonprivatelandthathasbeenpreviouslydisturbed,suchasabandonedcoalminesinPennsylvania.Themodifiedtreeswillbeplantedbetweennativeslikesweetgumandbaldcypresstoboostbiodiversityandmaintainsoilfertility(肥沃).PlantbiologistNorbertoMartinezfromtheUniversityofIllinoissuggeststheengineeredpoplartreesmaynotthriveoutdoorsorwillrequiremorewaterandfertilizertomaintaintheirfastgrowth.Manysustainableforestryorganizationshavealsobannedengineeredtreesfrombeingplantedinforests.TheGlobalJusticeEcologyProjectarguedthatthesetreescouldinterferewitheffortstoprotectandregenerateforests.Thoughtheremaybeopposingopinionsregardinggeneticallymodifiedpoplartrees,onethingisforsure:theyholdthepotentialtolowergreenhousegasesinourenvironmentatafasterrate.Thiscompany’sattemptiscertainlyaninnovativeapproachtotheongoingclimatecrisis.31.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.ThenecessitytoabsorbCO2. B.Thebasicideabehindengineeredtrees.C.Theeffectofphotosynthesisonplants. D.Theimportanceofenergytransformation.32Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“interferewith”inParagraph5probablymean?A.Save. B.Measure. C.Interrupt. D.Strengthen.33.Whatcanweinferabouttheengineeredpoplartrees?A.TheirfirstplantingstatewasPennsylvania.B.TheirpotentialtoabsorbCO2outweighsconcerns.C.Theycanreleasemoreoxygenthannormalpoplartrees.D.Theywillgrowbetterifplantedawayfromnormalplants.34.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto________.A.informandargue B.analyseandadviseC.argueanddiscuss D.examineandassess【答案】31.B32.C33.B34.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了加州旧金山的一家生物技术公司正在研究转基因杨树，经过改造的树木比普通树木长了53%，储存的二氧化碳也多了27%。但不同的人对此有不同的看法，有人反对有人支持。【31题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Allplantsexperiencephotosynthesis(光合作用),wheresunlight,water,andCO2aretransformedintoglucoseandoxygen.However,almostalltreesreleaseapoisonoussubstanceintheprocess.Toremovethissubstance,treesmustuseupnewly-producedenergyinanotherstepknownasphoto-respiration(光呼吸作用),whichdoesnotproduceanyenergyandreleasesCO2backintotheatmosphere.Topreventplantsfromwastingtheirenergy,thebiotechnologyfirmengineeredtheirpoplartreeswithgenesfoundingreenalgae.Firsttestedintobaccoplants,theforeigngeneschangethepoisonoussubstanceproducedbytreesintosugars,sothatmoreenergycanbeusedforremovingcarbonandtreegrowth.(所有植物都经历光合作用，在光合作用中，阳光、水和二氧化碳转化为葡萄糖和氧气。然而，几乎所有树木都会在这个过程中释放出有毒物质。为了去除这种物质，树木必须在另一个被称为光呼吸的步骤中消耗新产生的能量，这一步骤不产生任何能量，而是将二氧化碳释放回大气中。为了防止植物浪费能量，这家生物技术公司用绿藻中的基因改造了他们的杨树。外源基因首先在烟草植物上进行了测试，将树木产生的有毒物质转化为糖，这样就可以用更多的能量来去除碳，促进树木生长)”可知，第三段的主要内容是转基因树背后的基本思想。故选B。【32题详解】词句猜测题。根据第五段“PlantbiologistNorbertoMartinezfromtheUniversityofIllinoissuggeststheengineeredpoplartreesmaynotthriveoutdoorsorwillrequiremorewaterandfertilizertomaintaintheirfastgrowth.Manysustainableforestryorganizationshavealsobannedengineeredtreesfrombeingplantedinforests.(伊利诺伊大学的植物生物学家NorbertoMartinez表示，经过基因改造的杨树可能无法在户外茁壮成长，或者需要更多的水和肥料来保持其快速生长。许多可持续林业组织也禁止在森林中种植转基因树木)”可知，本段主要介绍基因改造树木的劣势。由此推知，全球生态正义项目认为这些树木可能会干扰保护和再生森林的努力。故画线词意思是“干扰”。故选C。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Thoughtheremaybeopposingopinionsregardinggeneticallymodifiedpoplartrees,onethingisforsure:theyholdthepotentialtolowergreenhousegasesinourenvironmentatafasterrate.(尽管对转基因杨树可能会有反对意见，但有一件事是肯定的：它们有可能以更快的速度减少我们环境中的温室气体)”可推知，改造过的杨树吸收二氧化碳的潜力大于担忧。故选B。【34题详解】，推理判断题。通读全文可知，第二段介绍转基因杨树的优势，第三段介绍转基因树背后的基本思想，第四段介绍支持转基因杨树的声音，第五段介绍反对转基因杨树的声音。由此推知，这篇文章的主要目的是提供信息和辩论。故选A。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Communionisaverydifficultart.Tocommunewithoneanotherovermanyproblemsthatwehaverequireslisteningandlearning,whicharebothverydifficulttodo.____35____Tocommunewitheachother,werequireacertaincapacity,acertainwayoflistening-notmerelytogatherinformation,whichanyschoolboycando,butratherlisteninginordertounderstand.____36____Learningisnotmerelytheaccumulation(积累)ofknowledge.Knowledgeneverchangesthewayyouthink;experienceneverflowersintothebeautyofunderstanding.Mostofuslistenwiththebackgroundofwhatweknowandwehaveexperienced.Perhapsyouhavenevernoticedthedifferencebetweenthemindthatreallylearnsandthemindthatmerelygathersknowledge.____37____Itisalwaystranslatingwhatithearsintermsofitsownexperienceorintermsoftheknowledgewhichithasgathered.Itiscaughtupintheprocessofaccumulatingandaddingtowhatitalreadyknows,a