新教材高中人教版英语选择性学案Unit1SectionⅠReadingListeningandThinking

Unit1ScienceFiction人工智能是一门基于计算机科学、生物学、心理学、神经科学、数学和哲学等学科的技术科学。人工智能只是一种技术，就像任何技术一样，可以用来造福人类，也可能会为人类带来危害。我们需要以负责和道德的方式使用人工智能，国际社会也需要应对人工智能带来的挑战。Intheyearsahead,AIwillraisethreebigquestionsforbossesandgovernments.Oneistheeffectonjobs.AlthoughbossespubliclypraisethebroadbenefitsAIwillbringverymuch,theirmaininterestliesincuttingcosts.OneEuropeanbankaskedatechnologycompanytofindawayofreducingthestaffinitsoperationsdepartmentfrom50,000to500.AspecialreporthasshownthatAI­enhanced①toolscanhelpreducestaffindepartmentssuchascustomerserviceandhumanresourcesbyalargeamount.TheMcKinseyGlobalInstitutefindsthatby2030upto375millionpeople,or14%oftheglobalworkersincompaniesorcountries,couldhavetheirjobsautomated②away.Bosseswillneedtodecidewhethertheyarepreparedtoofferandpayforretraining,andwhethertheywillgiveworkerstimeoffforit.Manycompaniessaytheyareallforworkersdevelopingnewskills,butnotatemployers'expense.Asecondimportantquestionishowtoprotectprivacy③asAIspreads.TheInternethasalreadymadeitpossibletotrackpeople'sdigitalbehaviourinextremelysmalldetail.AIwillprovideevenbettertoolsforbusinessestomonitorconsumersandworkers,bothonlineandinthephysicalworld.Consumersaresometimeshappytogoalongwiththisifitresultsinpersonalised④services.ButAIprobablybringsprivacyviolations⑤thatareseenasshockingandmorallyunacceptable.Inthewronghands,usefultechnologycouldbeagainstfairandequaltreatment.ThepolicearoundtheworldwilluseAItospotcriminals,butmayalsolookonordinarycitizenssecretly,inordertodiscoverthingsorfindoutinformationaboutthem.Newruleswillbeneededtoensureagreementonwhatdegreeofmonitoringisacceptable.ThethirdquestionisabouttheeffectofAIoncompetitioninbusiness.TodaymanyfirmsarecompetingtoprovideAI－enhancedtoolsforcompanies.Butatechnologycompanythatachievesartificialintelligencecouldbeaheadofitscompetitors,putothersoutofbusinessandlessencompetition.Thisisunlikelytohappeninthenearfuture,butifitdid,itwouldbeofgreatconcern.【注】①AI­enhancedadj.人工智能增强的②automatevt.使自动化③privacyn．隐私④personalisevt.使个性化；使个人化⑤violationn．侵犯；违背；妨碍SectionⅠReading,ListeningandThinkingⅠ.核心词汇1．________n.小说，虚构的事2．________n.意外收获，奖金，红利3．________n.诚实正直，完整，完好4．________n.庄重，庄严，尊严5．________n.薪水；薪金6．________n.指甲；趾甲；钉子vt.(用钉子)钉牢，固定7．________vt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除8．________vt.表明；宣称；公布Ⅱ.拓展词汇1．________n．预约；约会；委任→________v．任命；委任；安排2．________adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的→________n．内疚；悔恨；有罪3．________vt.悬；挂；暂停；暂缓→________n．悬挂，暂停，中止Ⅲ.阅读词汇1．ridiculousadj.______________2．absurdadj.________________3．laddern.________________4．whereasconj.________________Ⅳ.重点短语1．________________检验；测试2．________________更像是；更接近3．________________以……做试验4．________________(或者)说得更正确点5．________________预约；有一个约会6．________________转动；转身7．________________毕竟8．________________及时9．________________比……更；超出；不仅仅Ⅴ.重点句型1．作为报答，托尼答应帮助克莱尔使她自己更漂亮，使她的家更优美。Asafavour,TonypromisedtohelpClaire________________________________.2．克莱尔感谢了托尼，并称呼他“亲爱的”。ClairethankedTony,________________himthathewasa“dear”．3．当她转过身时，发现格拉迪丝·克拉芬就在身后。Assheturnedaround,________________GladaysClaffern.根据课文内容选择正确答案1．Larrybroughtarobothometo________.A．makehiswifehappyB．testouttherobotC．sendhiswifeagiftD．freehiswifefromwork2．WhydidClairefeelalarmedwhenshesawtherobot?A．Becausetherobotwasinfactnotamachine.B．Becauseshedidn'tlikehim.C．Becauseshehadseentherobotbefore.D．Becausetherobotwasmorelikeahumanbeingthanamachine.3．WhodidClaireturntoforhelpwhentheclerkatthecounterwasrudetoher?A．Herhusband.B．GladysClaffern.C．Tony,therobot.D．Themanageroftheshop.4．WhichofthefollowingisNOTTony'scharacteristic?A．Clumsy.B．Handsome.C．Helpful.D．Smart.5．TherobotTonyhelpedClairetorealizeherdreamby________.A．makingherhomeelegantB．givingheranewhaircutandchangingthemakeupsheworeC．givingheradviceonherdressesD．alltheabove6．WhydidClairebuytheitemsfromtheshop?A．Becauseherhusbandwastoreturn.B．BecauseTonywastoleave.C．BecauseTonywantedthehousetransformed.D．Becauseshethoughtsheneededthem.►第一版块|重点词汇诠释1.appointmentn．预约；约会；委任(1)make/have/fixanappointmentwithsb.与某人约会/预约/约定(时间)keep/breakanappointment守/失约(2)appointvt.任命，委派；约定；指定appointsb.(as/tobe)．..指定/任命某人为……appointsb.todosth.委派/任命某人去做某事❶Wemade/had/fixedanappointmentthatwewillgotheretogetheragain.我们约定我们会再一次一起去那儿。❷Apunctualpersonisinthehabitofdoingathingatthepropertimeandneverbreaksanappointment.一个守时的人有在适当的时候做一件事的习惯，并且从不违约。❸Weappointedhim(as/tobe)chairman.我们指定他为主席。❹Iwasappointedtotakechargeofarrangingalltheactivitiesonthatday.我被任命负责安排那天所有的活动。高考助记：①Ihaveanappointmentwithmydentistat11：30.我约好11点半去看牙医。②SamhasbeenappointedmanageroftheengineeringdepartmenttotaketheplaceofGeorge.山姆被任命为工程部经理，接替乔治。[即学即练]单句语法填空①I________(appoint)asheadoftheHawaiianVolcanoObservatory(HVO)20yearsago.②IhopeIshallgetateaching________(appoint)atthenewschool.③Theyappointedhim________chairman.④Theyappointedhim________(catch)alltherats.⑤Doyouhaveanappointment________thedentist?⑥We'vemade________appointmentwiththemtomeetatthegateofthemuseum.2.guiltyadj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的(1)feelguiltyabout/at...对……感到内疚(2)beguiltyof...犯……罪(3)guiltn.内疚；自责；犯罪❶Ifeelreallyguiltyatforgettingherbirthday.我忘记了她的生日，感到非常内疚。❷Ifeltguiltyaboutnotvisitingmyparentsmoreoften.我因没有常去看望父母而感到内疚。❸Theywerefoundguiltyofmurder.他们被判谋杀罪成立。❹Don'tyouhaveanyfeelingsofguiltaboutleavingDavid?你离开戴维难道就没有一点内疚吗？语境助记：Hewasguiltyofseriousmisconductandhewasguiltyaboutit.他犯有严重失职罪并且他对此感到很内疚。[即学即练]完成句子①当他回忆过去时，他感到非常惭愧。He________________________whenlookingbackonthepast.②他对于未给老妇人让座这件事感到内疚。He____________________________notgivinghisseattotheoldlady.3.dismissvt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除；不受理(案子)dismisssb.from...解雇dismisssb.forsth.因某事解雇某人dismissfears/doubtsfromone'smind消除心中的恐惧/疑虑近义词：fire解雇；开除❶Theclasswasdismissedearlytoday.今天这个班级提早放学。❷Hewasdismissedfromhisjobforincompetence.他因为不称职而被解雇了。[即学即练]单句语法填空①Lastmonththecase________(dismiss)owingtolackofevidence.②Employeescan________(dismiss)forcausinggreatlossestothecompany.4.declarevt.表明；宣称；公布declarefor/against(doing)声明赞成/反对(做)……declarewaron...向……宣战declaresb./sth.＋adj.宣布某人/某物……declaresb./sth.(tobe)．..宣布某人/某物为……declare(that)．..宣布/宣称……❶Theydeclaredagainstbuildinganewbridge.他们声明反对修建新桥。❷GermanydeclaredwaronFranceon3August,1914.德国于1914年8月3日向法国宣战。❸Inowdeclarethismeetingopen.我现在宣布会议开始。❹Thepaintingwasdeclaredtobeaforgery.这幅画被判定为赝品。❺Hedeclaredthathewasinlovewithher.他声称自己已爱上她。辨析比较：announce指正式地“公开；发表；宣布”，侧重“预告”人们所关心或感兴趣的事情，尤指新闻之类的消息declare指正式地、明确地向公众“宣布；宣告；声明”，侧重“当众发表”，多用于宣战、议和、宣判等Hedeclaredhisloyaltytothegovernment.他向政府宣誓效忠。ThemanagerannouncedasaleonthesamplesofTVthismorning.今天早晨，经理公布了电视机样品的一个特价。[即学即练]单句语法填空①Joneswonthematchand________(declare)thewinner.②Theworkersdeclared________theofferofincreasingpayandholidays.③InSeptember1939,Britaindeclaredwar________GermanyafterGermanyinvadedPoland.5.morethan超过；非常；不仅仅morethan的用法：(1)后接数词时，意为“多于，超过”，相当于over；(2)后接名词时，意为“不只是，不仅仅”；(3)后接形容词时，意为“非常，十分”；(4)后接从句时，从句中常有情态动词can或could，意为“超过……所能”。名师点津：morethanone意为“不止一个”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Sofar,morethanonemanhasbeendismissed.到目前为止，不止一人被解雇了。❶Therearemorethan20kindsofbirdsonthesmallisland.在那个小岛上有超过20种鸟。❷Heismorethanafather.Heisafriend.他不仅仅是一位父亲，还是一位朋友。❸I'mmorethanhappytotakeyouthereinmycar.我非常乐意用我的车带你去那儿。❹ThatismorethanIcanunderstand.那非我能理解的。[即学即练]写出下列句子中morethan的汉语意思/完成句子①Theresultwasmuchmorethan②Indoingscientificexperiments,onemustbemorethan③Shewishestobetreatedasnothingmorethan④Thetesttakesmorethanan⑤已经不止一位农民歌手出现在春节联欢晚会的舞台上了。____________________________________onthestageoftheSpringFestivalGala.►第二版块|重点句型解构1.(教材P2)Asafavour,TonypromisedtohelpClairemakeherselfmorebeautifulandherhomemoreelegant.作为报答，托尼答应帮助克莱尔使她自己更漂亮，使她的家更优美。[句式分析]该句中使用了“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补可以由名词、形容词、过去分词、不定式等来充当。make是使役动词，意为“使……做某事，使……成为，使……怎么样”。(1)“make＋宾语＋形容词(短语)”意为“使……处于某种状态”。❶TheInternetmakesourliveseasyandconvenient.互联网使我们的生活变得容易、方便。(2)“make＋宾语＋名词(短语)”意为“使或让……成为……；使……当……”。❷Wemadehimourteamleaderlastweek.上周我们推选他当我们的队长。❸Mostpopsingersmakemusictheircareer.很多流行歌手把音乐当作他们的事业。(3)“make＋宾语＋不带to的不定式”表示“迫使、强制某人做某事”，宾语与宾补之间存在逻辑上的主动关系。❹Myparentsoftenmakemedosomeextrahomework.我的父母经常让我做一些额外的家庭作业。在主动语态中，这种结构中的动词不定式不带to；而在被动语态中，这种结构中的动词不定式必须带上to。❺Iwasmadetofinishtheworkbeforenine.别人让我9点前完成工作。(4)“make＋宾语＋过去分词”意为“使/让……被……”。宾补与宾语之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。❻Youshouldmakeyourviewsknown.你应该让别人了解你的观点。❼Hisactionsmadehimuniversallyrespected.他的行为使他处处受到尊敬。❽Ispeakslowlytomakemyselfunderstood.我说得很慢，以便大家都能听懂我的话。(5)“make＋宾语＋介词短语”意为“使某人/某物(变得)……”。❾Hemadethecomputeringoodconditionagain.他又把计算机修好了。⑩Youmadehimintoanhonestone.你使他成为一个诚实的人。特别提示：当不定式短语或宾语从句作宾语时，为了使句子结构保持平衡，常用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语放到宾补后面，即：make＋it＋宾补＋不定式短语/宾语从句。Theywanttomakeitcleartothepublicthattheydoanimportantandnecessaryjob.他们要向公众表明，他们所做的工作不但重要，而且是必不可少的。[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Canyoumakeyourself________(understand)inRussian?②Nothingwillmakeme________(change)mymind.③Tomaskedthecandymakersiftheycouldmakethechocolateeasier________(break)intosmallpieces.④我们任命他为我们足球队的队长。We________________ofourfootballteam.⑤在车流的喧闹声中，他无法使别人听到他的声音。Hecouldn't________________abovethenoiseofthetraffic.2.(教材P2)ClairethankedTony,tellinghimthathewasa“dear”．克莱尔感谢托尼，告诉他他是“爱人”。[句式分析]现在分词短语作伴随状语，表示伴随情况，所表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生，且与句子的主语即逻辑主语是主谓关系。(1)现在分词除在句中作状语时，还可以作表语、定语、宾语补足语等。(2)现在分词作状语除了表示伴随以外，还可表示时间、条件、原因、让步、结果和方式等。❶Asthelightturnedgreen,Istoodforamoment,notmoving,andaskedmyselfwhatIwasgoingtodo.当信号灯变绿时，我站了一会儿，一动不动，自问将要做什么。❷Addingthemallup,wecanfindtheanswer.把它们全部加起来，我们就可以找到答案。❸Gatheringaroundthefire,thetouristsdancedwiththelocalpeople.那些旅行者们聚集在篝火周围和当地人一起跳舞。名师点津：(1)现在分词作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、结果时，相当于一个状语从句；表示伴随情况时，相当于并列句。(2)现在分词的一般式(v.­ing)表示该动作与句子的谓语动词动作同时发生或在其后发生。(3)现在分词的完成式(having＋v.­ed)表示该动作在句子的谓语动词动作之前发生。[即学即练]单句语法填空/句型转换①WhenIwaslittle,mymotherusedtositbymybed,________(tell)mestoriestillIfellasleep.②________(be)tooold,hecouldn'twalkthatfar.③Mycousincametoseemefromthecountryside,________(bring)meafullbasketoffreshfruits.④Hermotherdied,________(leave)herwithfouryoungerbrothers.⑤________(not,feel)well,hewenttoseethedoctor.⑥WhileIwaswalkingalongthestreet,Imether.→________________alongthestreet,Imether.3.(教材P2)Assheturnedaround,therestoodGladysClaffern.当她转过身时，发现格拉迪丝·克拉芬就站在身后。[句式分析]该句使用了一个完全倒装句。完全倒装是将句子的主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，把谓语移到主语前面。常见的有以下几种类型：(1)地点副词(here,there等)、时间副词(now,then)以及方位副词(away,down,in,off,out,back等)置于句首，且主语是名词时，句子要完全倒装。其谓语动词多为be,go,come等表示位置移动或状态的不及物动词。❶Theregoesthebell.(＝Thebellisringing.)铃响了。❷DowncameStoutSantainasinglebound.胖胖的圣诞老人轻轻一跳就下来了。(正常语序为：StoutSantacamedowninasinglebound.)(2)Therebe句型(be动词还可以替换为appear,exist,lie,stand,remain,live等表示“存在”含义的动词)。❸Thereexistsanancienttempleinthistown,whichattractsmanyvisitors.这个小镇上有一座古庙，吸引着许多游客。(3)表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语为名词，谓语动词是be,lie,stand,sit等时，句子要完全倒装。❹Underthattreestandsabeautifulgirlwhoisreadingabook.那棵树下站着一位美丽的姑娘，她正在读书。(正常语序为：Abeautifulgirlwhoisreadingabookstandsunderthattree.)特别提示：此类倒装句的主语只能是名词，若主语是代词，则不倒装。Outtheyran.他们跑出去了。[即学即练]用完全倒装改写下列句子①Acastlestandsonthehill.________________________________________________________________________②Anationalflaghangsonthefrontwalloftheclassroom.________________________________________________________________________③TheattractivesceneryIhadbeentoldaboutlaybelowme.________________________________________________________________________④我还没来得及说一个字，孩子们就跑开了。________________________________________________________________________⑤最后一班火车开走了。________________________________________________________________________⑥我的妈妈坐在窗边，手里端着一杯咖啡。________________________________________________________________________Ⅰ.单词拼写1．________(小说)takesupalargesliceofthepublishingmarket.2．Helosthisbalanceandfellfromthe________(梯子)．3．Hewouldnotacceptthisjobforsuchasmall________(薪水)．4．Ifyoudon'tconcentratemoreonyourwork,you'llbe________(解雇)．5．Wehavetimeandtimeagain________(宣布)thatwewillneverbethefirsttousenuclearweapons.6．Isn'tit________(荒谬的)toplantcropsandnotweedthefields?7．Theywantahouse,________(然而)wewouldratherliveinaflat.8．It'sdifficulttopreserveyour________(尊严)whenyouhavenojobandnohome.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．Ihavean________(appoint)withthemanagerofthatcompanyintheevening.2．Allnightlonghelayawake,________(think)oftheproblem.3．Ifeelso________(guilt)andangryaboutthewholeissue.4．Heappointedme________(meet)hisfriendsattheentranceofthetheatre.5．Germanydeclaredwar________Franceon1August1914.6．Theyusuallyhavethemedicine________(test)outbeforeputtingintothemarketalloverthecountry.7．Jane'spalefacesuggestedthatshe________(be)ill,andherparentssuggestedshe________(have)amedicalexamination.Ⅲ.完成句子1．不止一个学生知道你的秘密。____________________________aboutyoursecret.2．这样能使你以后再看笔记时更容易读些。This____________________________whenyoulookatthemlater.3．他们在欧洲开了一家唯一的商店，以检验一下市场情况。TheyopenedasinglestoreinEurope________________________________________.4．他们在那儿站了半个小时，观察着天上的星星。Theystoodthereforhalfanhour,________________________________________.5．贾斯汀建议我和他一起去一个安静的地方，在那里我们可以单独待着。Justinsuggestedthat____________________________wherewecouldbealone.Ⅳ.课文语法填空ThecompanyforwhichLarryworkedwastohaveanewly­maderobot1.________(call)Tony,whichwasgoingtobetestedoutbyhiswifeClaireathome.AtthefirstsightofTony,Clairefelt2.________(alarm).Shethought3.________wasridiculousthatarobotshouldlooksomuchlikehuman,4.________hissmoothhairandadeepvoicealthoughhisfacialexpressionneverchanged.Onthesecondmorning,Tonywantedtohelphertodress,whichmadeClaire5.________(embarrass)andsherefusedhim.ButlatershewasgladthatTonycouldmakeherhome6.________(elegance),giveheranewhairstyleandimprovehermakeup.Todecorateherhome,hecouldalsowriteoutalistof7.________(item)forhertobuy.Andfinally,TonyhelpedClairetofinis