【学案】新外研版-Unit 2 Exploring English-Using Language (语法：构词法)

Unit2ExploringEnglish电子学案UsingLanguage(语法：构词法)(一)转化法Somenounsandadjectivescanbeusedasverbs,orthewayround.Whenwecalmsomebodydown,theybecomecalm.Andwecangivesomeoneapresentbypresentingit.(UsingLanguage,P17)转化法(conversion)在英语中，一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转化法。通常会有动词转化为名词、名词转化为动词、形容词转化为动词、形容词转化为名词等，还有一些个别词在一定场合中转化为名词。【新外研必修一U2构词转化法巩固】单词释义contact|'kDnt氏kt]n.接触；联系v.接触；联系comment1kDment]n.注释；评论v.注释；评论；注释；评论flat[fl&t]n.平面，平坦部分；泄了气的轮胎；一层；公寓大楼；公寓房间adj.平的，平坦的；泄了气的adv.平直地【慧眼识词】请分析下列词性发生变化的一些词并翻译句子。Letmehaveatry.Theyareonlyallowedtosellsoftdrinksatschool.Heshoulderedhiswaythroughthecrowd.Thesmellfromthekitchenmadehismouthwater.Wewilltryourbesttobetterourlivingconditions.Theytriedtoperfecttheworkingconditions.Hedidn'tknowthedifferencebetweenrightandwrong.Theoldinourvillagearelivingahappylife.Warmclothesareamustinthemountains.10.Lifeisfullofupsanddowns.11.Hisargumentcontainstoomanyifsandbuts.附：中文翻译让我试试。在学校里只准许他们出售不含酒精的饮料。他用肩膀推开人群前进。从厨房传来的气味使他流口水。我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。他们努力改善工作条件。他不辨是非。我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。穿暖和的衣服到山区去是必须的。人生有得意时也有失意时。他的辩论中含有太多的“如果”和“但是”。(二)合成法(composition)Wordsformedbycombiningotherwordsarecalledcompounds,forexample,penfriend(afriendthatyoucontactbywriting,traditionallyusingapenandwell-known(knownbymanypeople).合成法(composition)，由两个或两个以上的单词连在一起合成一个新词，这种构词法叫做合成法，合成的词叫做合成词(compounds)。合成词的写法由习惯决定，可以写在一起,也可以用连词符号连接。通常有合成名词、合成形容词、合成动词、合成副词、合成代词、合成介词等。【新外研必修一U2构词法-合成词巩固】单词中文释义eggplant茄子pineapple菠萝seasick晕船的airsick晕机的carsick晕车的homesick想家的highway公路motorway高速公路downtown在城镇中心区的，在闹市区的downstairs在楼下【慧眼识词】猜一猜如下词都是什么意思，它们是如何合成的？1.合成名词newspaperblood-testshe-wolftypewriterpickpocketdaybreakgreenhousehighwayovercoatoutsidehandwritingreading-roomfreezing-pointbreakthroughget-togetheroutbreakoutcomesister-in-laweditor-in-chief2.合成形容词world-famousduty-freelarge-scalelong-termover-anxiousevergreenman-madesun-burntpeace-lovingEnglish-speakinggood-lookingeasy-goingwell-informedwidespreadhardworkingfar-reachingwarm-heartedabsent-mindedthree-leggedten-storiedone-wayfive-starten-year-old800-meter-longface-to-facedoor-to-door3.合成动词baby-sitsleepwalkoutnumberunderestimateoverworkwhitewash4.合成副词meanwhileanywayeverywhereanyhowhoweverbeforehandoverheadforever5.合成代词herselfthemselvesmyselfyourselvesanythingnothing6.合成介词insideoutsidewithoutwithin（三）派生法Prefixesandsuffixesoftenhavefixedmeaning.Ifyouaddun-orin-toaword,thenewwordusuallymeanstheopposite.Forexample,ifsomethingisn'tcorrect,itisincorrectandifsomeoneisn'thappythey'reunhappy.Wordswiththesuffixes-mentand-nessareoftennouns.Forexample,ifsomebodyhasimprovedalot,theyhavemadegreatimprovement.派生法：由一个词加上前缀或后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫做派生法。新外研必修一U2构词法-派生法巩固】单词中文释义同根词sculpture雕塑作品，雕像sculptcreativity创造力，创造性creative,creationunfamiliar不熟悉的，不了解的familiarorganization组织，团体，机构organizelikely可能的，可能发生的like,dislike,unlikeentrance大门口，入口处enteractually事实上，实际上actualmisadventure事故，灾难adventure【派生词拓展】1.前缀除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，但不改变单词的词性（1）表示否定意义的前缀un-unhappyunfinishedundressdis-disagreedisbelieveinaccurateillegalimpoliteimbalanceirregularmis-misbehavemisleadmistakenon-nonstopnonsmoker（2）表示其他意义的前缀en-“使……”enrichenlargeencourageinter-“相互”internationalintercontinentalre-“再，又，重”rethinkretellrecycletele-“远程的”telescopetelephonetelegraphauto-“自动的”automaticautomobileco-“共同”cooperatecoexistanti-“反对，抵抗”antiwarantifreezeantinuclearmulti-“多”multiculturalmulticolouredbi-“双，二”bilingualbilateralmicro-“极小的，微小的”microwavemicrocomputerover-“太多，过分”overworkoverdooverestimateself-“自己，本身”self-centeredself-confidentself-controlunder-“在下面，下的，不足的”underline,underground,underestimate2.后缀（1）形容词后缀-able“可的，具有的”acceptabledrinkableknowledgeablereasonable-al“与……有关的”physical,magical,political-ful/less“（没）有的”helpful,useful,homeless,hopeless-ive“有……倾向的”activeattractiveexpensive-ous“有（性质）的”famous,dangerous,poisonous-ly“有性质的”friendlyyearlydaily-y“构成形容词”noisydustycloudy（2）名词后缀-er/or“表人或用具”farmer,baker,visitor,professor,cooker,container-ese“某国（人）的”Chinese,Japanese-ian“某国、某地人；精通的人”musician,Asian,Russian,technician-ist“某种主义或职业者”physicist,scientist,communist，socialist-ess“表女性，雌性”hostess,actress,princess-ment“行为或其状态”government,movement,achievement-ness“性质，状态”illness,sadness,carelessness-tion“动作，过程，结果”invention,organization,translation-ance/ence“抽象；行为、性质、状态”importance,appearance,absence,existence-th“性质、情况”depth,warmth,truth-ful“（满的）量”handful,spoonful,mouthful-（a）bility“抽象、性质、状态”possibility,disability-al“过程、状态”survival,arrival,approval-y“性质、情况”mod