高考北京卷：《英语》科目2021年考试真题与答案解析

高考精品文档高考北京卷英语科目·2021年考试真题与答案解析目录知识运用…………01页阅读理解…………03页书面表达…………14页高考北京卷：《英语》科目2021年考试真题与答案解析第一部分：知识运用第一节阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．Recently，Itookatriphomebytrain．Igotaseatoppositeamiddle-agedmanwithsharpeyes，whokept1ayoungwomaninawindowseatwithalittleboyonherlap．Thewoman'seyefellontheman'sface，andsheimmediatelylookeddownand2herscarf．Asthenightworeon，peoplebegantoclosetheireyes，buttheseatsweresouncomfortablethatonlyaveryheavysleepercouldmanagetogetany3．Thewomanlookedoverattheman．Hewasstillstaringather．Shelookedbackathimwithfireinhereyes．Iwasbeginningtoget4，too．Thetrainmovedon．Thelittleboywas5awakeonhismother'slap，butthewomandroppedofftosleep．Amomentlater，hebeganto6thehalf-openwindow—onelegwentoverit．Themanjumpedupand7thechildjustbeforehefellout．The8wokeupthewoman．Sheseemedtobein9，andthenrealitydawned（显现）．“Yourchildhasbeenlookingforanopportunitytoclimboutofthewindow，”themansaidashegavethechildbacktoher．“SoIhavebeenwatchingthewholetime．”Thewomanwas10，andsowasI．1.A.guidingB.botheringC.watchingD.monitoring2.A.adjustedB.changedC.packedD.waved3.A.airB.joyC.spaceD.rest4.A.nervousB.embarrassedC.angryD.disappointed5.A.almostB.stillC.hardlyD.even6.A.dragB.climbC.knockD.push7.A.grabbedB.rockedC.touchedD.picked8.A.alarmB.quarrelC.riskD.noise9.A.sorrowB.reliefC.panicD.pain10.A.astonishedB.confusedC.concernedD.inspired第二节阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空．在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空．请在答题卡指定区域作答．[A]Whydowedream？Scientistsaren'tcompletelysure，andtheyhavediverse11（idea）．Dreamsmightbeasideeffectofmemorymaking．Whenyousleep，yourbrainsortsthrougheverything12happenedduringtheday，tryingtolinknewexperiencestooldmemories.Asit13（connect）things，yourbraintumsthemintoastory，andyougetadream．[B]Samisanin-real-lifestreamer（播主），andhelivestreamshimselfjustgoingabouthisday．Whileridinghisbikehome14acoldnight，hecameacrossasad-lookingelderlywomanwanderingthestreetsbyherself．Thepoorwomanwasn'tabletogivehimanyinformationabout15shelived．Samwalkedhertoanearbyconveniencestoresothatshecould16（safe）waitforthepolicetotakeherhome．[C]There17（be）adramaticriseinthenumberofextremeweathereventsoverthepast20years，18（cause）largelybyrisingglobaltemperatures，accordingtoanewreportfromtheUnitedNations．From2000to2019，therewere7,348majornaturaldisastersaroundtheworld，19（result）inUSD2,970billionineconomicloss．Muchofthisincreasecanbeduetoclimatechange．Thefindingsshowacriticalneed20（invest）indisasterprevention.第二部分：阅读理解第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．[A]Ifyouareplanningtostartacareerinthefieldofeducation，science，orculture，thenaninternship（实习）atUNESCOwillbeidealforyou．Whocanapply？Youhavecompletedyourfull-timeuniversitystudies；orYouarestudyinginagraduateprogramforamaster'sdegree．Applicantsintechnicalassignmentsmusthavereachedthelastyearoftheirstudiesinatechnicalinstitution．Whataretherequirements？Youmustbeatleast20yearsold．Youshouldhaveagoodcommand（掌握）ofeitherEnglishorFrench．Youmusthaveanexcellentknowledgeofoffice-relatedsoftware．Youshouldbeabletoworkwellinateamandadapttoaninternationalworkingenvironment．Youshouldpossessstronginterpersonalandcommunicationskills．Whatdoyouneedtoprepare？Visa：Youshouldobtainthenecessaryvisas．Travel：Youmustarrangeandfinanceyourtraveltoandfromthelocationwhereyouwilldoyourinternship．Medicalinsurance：Youmustshowproofofacomprehensivehealthinsurancevalid（有效的）inthetargetcountryfortheentireperiodoftheinternship．UNESCOwillprovidelimitedinsurancecoverageuptoUSD30,000fortheinternshipperiod．Medicalcertificate：Youmustprovideamedicalcertificateindicatingyouarefittowork．Motivationletter：Youshouldhaveyourmotivationletterreadybeforefillingouttheapplicationform．YourapplicationwillbeaccessedbyUNESCOmanagersandwillstayinourdatabaseforsixmonths．Wedonotrespondtoeverycandidate．Ifselected，youwillbecontactedbyamanager．Ifyoudonotreceiveanyupdatewithinsixmonths，itmeansthatyourapplicationhasnotbeensuccessful．21.Accordingtothispassage，applicantsarerequiredto_________．A.holdamaster'sdegreeinscienceB.haveinternationalworkexperienceC.befluentineitherEnglishorFrenchD.presentaletterfromatechnicalinstitution22.WhatwillUNESCOprovidefortheinternshipperiod？A.Limitedmedicalinsurancecoverage．B.Trainingincommunicationskills．C.Amedicalcertificateforwork．D.Financialsupportfortravel．23.Whatshouldapplicantsdobeforefillingouttheapplicationform？A.ContactUNESCOmanagers．B.Getaccesstothedatabase．C.Keepamotivationletterathand．D.Workinateamforsixmonths．[B]Irememberthedayduringourfirstweekofclasswhenwewereinformedaboutoursemester（学期）projectofvolunteeringatanon-profitorganization．Whentheteacherintroducedustothedifferentorganizationsthatneededourhelp，mylastchoicewasOperationIraqiChildren（OIC）．MyfirstimpressionoftheorganizationwasthatitwasnotgoingtomakeenoughofadifferencewiththeplansIhadinmind．Then，anOICrepresentativegaveussomedetails，whichsomewhatinterestedme．Afterdoingsomeresearch，Ibelievedthatwecouldreallydosomethingforthosekids．WhenIwentonlinetotheOICwebsite，IsawpicturesoftheIraqichildren．Theirfacesweresopowerfulinsendingamessageoftheirdespair（绝望）andneedthatIjoinedthisprojectwithouthesitation．Wedecidedtocollectasmanyschoolsuppliesaspossible，andmakethemintokits——onekit，onechild．Themostrewardingdayforourgroupwasprojectday，whenalltheeffortsweputintocollectingtheitemsfinallycametogether．WhenIsawthevarioussupplieswehadcollected，ithitmethateverykitweweretobuildthatdaywouldeventuallybeinthehandsofanIraqichild．Overthepastfourmonths，IhadneverimaginedhowIwouldfeelonceourprojectwascompleted．Whilemakingthekits，IrealizedthatIhadlostsightofthetruemeaningbehindit．IhadonlyfocusedonthefactthatitwasanotherschoolprojectandoneIwantedtogetagoodgradeon．Whenthekitswerecompleted，andreadytobesentoverseas，thewarmfeelingIhadwasoneIwouldneverforget．Inthebeginning，Idaredmyselftomakeadifferenceinthelifeofanotherperson．Nowthatourprojectisover，IrealizethatIhaveaffectednotonlyonelife，butten．Withourefforts，tenyoungboysandgirlswillnowbeabletofurthertheireducation．24.HowdidtheauthorfeelaboutjoiningtheOICprojectinthebeginning？A.Itwouldaffecthis/herinitialplans．B.Itwouldinvolvetravelingoverseas．C.Itwouldnotbringhim/heragoodgrade．D.Itwouldnotliveuptohis/herexpectations．25.Whatmainlyhelpedtheauthorchangehis/herattitudetowardtheproject？A.ImagesofIraqichildren．B.Researchbyhis/herclassmates．C.Ateacher'sintroduction．D.Arepresentative'scomments．26.Theauthor'sOICprojectgroupwouldhelptenIraqichildrento__________．.A.becomeOICvolunteersB.furthertheireducationC.studyinforeigncountriesD.influenceotherchildren27.Whatcanweconcludefromthispassage？A.One'spotentialcannotalwaysbeunderrated．B.Firstimpressioncannotalwaysbetrusted．C.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords．D.Hewhohesitatesislost．[C]Hundredsofscientists，writersandacademicssoundedawarningtohumanityinanopenletterpublishedlastDecember：Policymakersandtherestofusmustengageopenlywiththeriskofglobalcollapse．Researchersinmanyareashaveprojectedthewidespreadcollapseas“acrediblescenario（情景）thiscentury”．Asurveyofscientistsfoundthatextremeweatherevents，foodinsecurity，andfreshwatershortagesmightcreateglobalcollapse．Ofcourse，ifyouareanon-humanspecies，collapseiswellunderway．Thecallforpublicengagementwiththeunthinkableisespeciallygermaneinthismomentofstill-uncontrolledpandemicandeconomiccrisesintheworld'smosttechnologicallyadvancednations．Notverylongago，itwasalsounthinkablethataviruswouldshutdownnationsandthatsafetynetswouldbeprovensodisastrouslylackinginflexibility．Theinternationalscholars'warningletterdoesn'tsayexactlywhatcollapsewilllooklikeorwhenitmighthappen．Collapseology，thestudyofcollapse，ismoreconcernedwithidentifyingtrendsandwiththemthedangersofeverydaycivilization．Amongthesignatories（签署者）ofthewarningwasBobJohnson，theoriginatorofthe“ecologicalfootprint”concept，whichmeasuresthetotalamountofenvironmentalinputneededtomaintainagivenlifestyle．Withthecurrentfootprintofhumanity，“itseemsthatglobalcollapseiscertaintohappeninsomeform，possiblywithinadecade，certainlywithinthiscentury，”Johnsonsaidinanemail．Onlyifwediscusstheconsequencesofourbiophysicallimits,theDecemberwarninglettersays，canwehavethehopetoreducetheir“speed，severityandharm”．Andyetmessengersofthecomingdisturbancearelikelytobeignored．Weallwanttohopethingswillturnoutfine．Asapoetwrote，Manisavictimofdope（麻醉品）Intheincurableformofhope．Thehundredsofscholarswhosignedtheletterareintent（执着）onquietinghopethatignorespreparedness．“Let'slookdirectlyintotheissueofcollapse，”heysay，“anddealwiththeterriblepossibilitiesofwhatweseetheretomakethebestofatroublingfuture．”28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“germane”inParagraph3probablymean？A.Scientific．B.Credible．C.Original．D.Relevant．29.Asforthepublicawarenessofglobalcollapse，theauthoris__________．A.worriedB.puzzledC.surprisedD.scared30.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage？A.Thesignatoriesmaychangethebiophysicallimits．B.Theauthoragreeswiththemessageofthepoem．C.Theissueofcollapseisbeingprioritized．D.Theglobalcollapseiswellunderway．[D]Earlyfifth-centuryphilosopherSt．Augustinefamouslywrotethatheknewwhattimewasunlesssomeoneaskedhim．AlbertEinsteinaddedanotherwrinklewhenhetheorizedthattimevariesdependingonwhereyoumeasureit．Today'sstate-of-the-artatomic（原子的）clockshaveprovenEinsteinright．Evenadvancedphysicscan'tdecisivelytelluswhattimeis,becausetheanswerdependsonthequestionyou'reasking．Forgetabouttimeasanabsolute．Whatif，insteadofconsideringtimeintermsofastronomy,werelatedtimetoecology？Whatifweallowedenvironmentalconditionstosetthetempo（节奏）ofhumanlife？We'reincreasinglyawareofthefactthatwecan'tcontrolEarthsystemswithengineeringalone，andrealizingthatweneedtomoderate（调节）ouractionsifwehopetoliveinbalance．Whatifourdefinitionoftimereflectedthat？Recently，Iconceptualizedanewapproachtotimekeepingthat'sconnectedtocircumstancesonourplanet，conditionsthatmightchangeasaresultofglobalwarming．We'renowbuildingaclockattheAnchorageMuseumthatreflectsthetotalflowofseveralmajorAlaskanrivers，whicharesensitivetolocalandglobalenvironmentalchanges．We'veprogrammedittomatchanatomicclockifthewaterwayscontinuetoflowattheirpresentrate．Iftheriversrunfasterinthefutureonaverage，theclockwillgetaheadofstandardtime．Iftheyrunslower，you'llseetheoppositeeffect．Theclockregistersbothshort-termirregularitiesandlong-termtrendsinriverdynamics．It'sasortofobservatorythatrevealshowtheriversarebehavingfromtheirowntemporalframe（时间框架），andallowsustowitnessthosechangesonoursmartwatchesorphones．AnyonewhooptstogoonAlaskaMeanRiverTimewillliveinharmonywiththeplanet．Anyonewhoconsidersrivertimeinrelationtoatomictimewillencounteramajorimbalanceandmaybemotivatedtocounteractitbyconsuminglessfuelorsupportinggreenerpolicies．Evenifthismethodoftimekeepingisnovelinitsparticulars，earlyagriculturalsocietiesalsoconnectedtimetonaturalphenomena．Inpre-ClassicalGreece，forinstance，people“corrected”officialcalendarsbyshiftingdatesforwardorbackwardtoreflectthechangeofseason．Temporalconnectiontotheenvironmentwasvitaltotheirsurvival．Likewise，rivertimeandothertimekeepingsystemswe'redevelopingmayencourageenvironmentalawareness．WhenSt．Augustineadmittedhisinabilitytodefinetime，hehighlightedoneoftime'smostnoticeablequalities：Timebecomesmeaningfulonlyinadefinedcontext．Anytimekeepingsystemisvalid，andeachisaspraiseworthyasitspurpose．31.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph1？A.Timekeepingisincreasinglyrelatedtonature．B.Everyonecandefinetimeontheirownterms．C.Thequalitiesoftimevarywithhowyoumeasureit．D.Timeisamajorconcernofphilosophersandscientists．32.TheauthorraisesthreequestionsinParagraph2mainlyto__________．A.presentanassumptionB.evaluateanargumentC.highlightanexperimentD.introduceanapproach33.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage？A.Thosewhodonotgoonrivertimewillliveanimbalancedlife．B.NewwaysofmeasuringtimecanhelptocontrolEarthsystems．.C.Atomictimewillgetaheadofrivertimeiftheriversrunslower．D.Moderntechnologymayhelptoshapetherivers’temporalframe．34.Whatcanweinferfromthispassage？A.Itiscrucialtoimprovethedefinitionoftime．B.Afixedframewillmaketimemeaningless．C.Weshouldliveinharmonywithnature．D.Historyisamirrorreflectingreality．第二节根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．选项中有两项为多余选项．Musichaslongbeenconsideredtobeanenjoyablepastimeformanypeople．35Thementalhealthbenefitsfrommusiccan'tbeargued．Musiccouldalsobehelpingyouwithmanyotherhealthproblemsbehindthescenes．36However,forthesamereason,musiccanbeverybeneficialifoneisinpain．Bydistracting（分心）themindfromthepain,music,peoplesay,canlowerstressandanxietylevels．This,ofcourse,canleadtolesspain．Manypeopleenjoyrelaxingmusicintheeveningpriortogoingtobed．37Whilethevalidityoftheideaisstillbeingassessed，theloweredstresscanevenbetiedbacktobloodpressure．Similarly,accordingtoresearchers，listeningtojust30minutesofsoftmusiceverydaymayhelpwithhealthybloodsugarlevels，throughtheloweringofstressandanxiety．Whenitcomestohearthealth，thereisspeculation（推测）thatit'snotthestyleofmusic，butratherthetempothatmakesitsogoodforyourhearthealth．InoneEuropeanstudy，participantslistenedtomusicastheresearchersmonitoredtheirheartratesandbloodpressure．38Ontheotherhand，whenthemusicslowed，theparticipants'stressandanxietylevelsbecamelowerandtheeffectsonheartratesappearedtofollowsuit．39Butthereisawholerangeofotherhealthissuesthatturninguptheradiocouldbebeneficialfor，whichiswhatmakesmusicsovaluable．A.Thisfeelingcanalsoresultinmanyotherhealthproblems．B.Someexpertssaythatmusiccanbeharmfulifitistooloud．C.Thisideaisalittleoff-the-wallbutstillhasscientificbacking．D.Theysayitcanplayabigroleincalmingthebrainenoughtosleep．E.Theimplicationsofmusiconoverallwell-beingarereallyimpressive．F.Itisalsohighlypopularduetotheindividualizedeffectsonstressandanxiety．G.Interestingly，themorecheerfulthemusicwas，thefastertheirheartrateswere．第三部分：书面表达第一节：阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题．请在答题卡指定区域作答．Recentresearchsuggeststhatifanargumentgetsresolved，theemotionalresponsetiedtoitissignificantlyreducedoralmostcompletelyerased．Thus，itmaybeworthbringingupissueswithyourfriends，familymembers，orclassmatesratherthanholdingthemback．Thereisadifferencebetweenarguingandfighting．Arguingisthatyouandyouropponentpresentyourconcernsanddiscussthefeelingsandissuesrelatedtothoseconcerns．Youcanengageinanargumentrespectfullywithoutstirringup（激起）anger．Fighting，however，usuallyinvolvespersonalattacks，raisingofvoices，andstormingout．Discussingyourissuesandresolvingtheminsteadofstuffingthemdowncanimproveyouremotionalhealth．Inastudy，2.000peoplewereaskedtorecordtheirfeelingsandexperiencesforeightdaysinarow．Whenpeoplehadanargumentthattheyconsideredresolved，theyhadhalfthereactivity（情绪反应）ofthosewhoavoidedanargument．Reactivityisanincreaseinnegativeemotionsoradecreaseinpositiveemotions．Inotherwords，resolvinganargumentcutsyournegativefeelingsbyhalf．Onedaylater，peoplewhohadaresolvedargumentreportednoincreaseofnegativeemotionscomparedwiththosewhoavoidedanargument．Thismeansthatresolvinganargumentcanfeellikeyouhavereachedastateofresolution—andyouarelesslikelytobeannoyed．Moreover，theolderyouare，themorelikelyyouwillcometoaresolutionafteranargument．Thismaybebecausemorelifeexperienceusuallyleadstomoredefinedpriorities．Youaremorelikelytodistinguishbetweenwhatmattersandwhatdoesnot．Itiseasiertoavoidadiscussion，butriskingtalkingaboutit