高一英语时态语态

LOGOCompanynumber:[WTUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-BWYTT-19998]讲解时态是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。常用的时态有：一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时、将来进行时、将来完成时。形式时间—般进行完成现在dodoesam「iSJdoinghave-has_jdone过去didwasrwer'doinghaddone将来shallwill丿Adowillbedoingshalhwillhavedone过去将来Shouldwouldadowouldbedoing(一)一般现在时1．通常表示现阶段经常发生的动作、存在状态或经常的习惯性的动作。常与often,usually,always,sometimes,today,everyfiveminutes,onSundays等时间状语连用。Theoldman(go)toparkeverymorning.2．表示永恒的真理以及客观事实。Theearth(go)roundthesun.3．表示按规定或计划要发生的动作。Thetrain(start)atseveninthemorning.4．在时间和条件状语从句中代替一般将来时。I'llgowithyou,ifyou(be)freetomorrow.(二)一般过去时1．一般过去时表示过去某一时间发生的动作或情况。常与表示过去的时间状语ago,yesterday,lastweek,intheolddays,whenIwasfiveyearsold,in1995等连用。They(begin)toworktwomonthsago.2．一般过去时多和表示过去了的时间状语连用。但是有时候句子并没有过去的时间状语，这时就要通过语境、说话人的口气来判断。I(notexpect)youwerewaitingforus.3．usedtodosth.意为“过去常常做某事”，暗含“现在不做了”之意。beusedtodosth.意为“被用于做某事”，不定式表示目的，可用于多种时态。beusedtodoingsth.习惯做某事。Heusedto(getup)early.Hewillbeusedto(getup)early.Woodisusedto(make)paper.(三)一般将来时1、表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用的时间状语有later(on),soon,inamonth,nexttime,fromnowon,tomorrow等。I(be)eighteenyearsoldnextyear.He(notgo)totheairporttomeetherthisafternoon.2、一般将来时的其它表示形式一般现在时表将来①按照计划或时刻表要发生的事情。Thenewlibrary(open)nextmonth.Theplane(takeoff)at3:00.②在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。Ifyou(leave)tomorr'olwl,seIeyouattheairport.Whenshe(come),'llItellheraboutit.现在进行时表将来现在进行时表示将来，往往是指计划好或准备要做的事。一些表示动作转换的终止性动词，如go,come,leave,start,,bsetgi,takeoffarriv等，或者也称为位移性动词，其进行时表示马上要做某事。I(take)thekidstothezoothisSunday.He(leave)schoolinone'syetairme.betodoS结构表示计划中约定的或按职责、义务和要求必须去做的事或即将发生的动作。Thepresident(visit)JapaninMay.I(get)marriednextyear.beaboutto结构表示“刚要做某事，马上要做某事，正要做某事”，强调动作即将发生(不跟表将来的时间状语连用)。Weareaboutto(discuss)thisproblem.Theywereaboutto(leave)whenthetelephonerang.3、wil和begoing的区别。wil多表示带意愿色彩的将来或客观上将来要发生的事，也可表示临时做出决定将要做的事。I(stay)withyouandhelpyou.—Youhaveleftthelighton.—Oh,soIhave.I(go)andturnitoff.begoing常用于□语中，主要用来表示将发生的动作或存在的状态、打算或准备要做的事或根据某种迹象判断可能将要发生的事。There(be)anEnglishfilmthisevening.Lookatthoseclouds.ItSO那些•乌云，要下雨了。(四)现在完成时1、表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常与already,ever,never,just,y等副词连用。Ijust(finish)myhomework.2、表示从过去某时刻开始，持续到现在的动作或情况，并且有可能会继续持续下去，此时经常用延续性动词。时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点，或for加一段时间，或加一个现在时间。I(know)himforthreeyears.He(live)heresince他自951995年以来就住在这儿。【注意】(1)因为含有for加一段时间或since加一时间点这样的时间状语的完成时，有延续性的特点，所以不能使用瞬间动词。Mysister(marry)for5years.Mysister(marry).Don'tdisturbher.(2)在This/That/Itisthefirst/second/third/..timethat..句型里，从句要用现在完成时。Thisisthesecondtimethattheproductsofourcompany(show)intheInternationalExhibition.句型Itis/hasbeen...since..所使用的两种时态都正确。It(be)10yearssinceIlastsawhim.过去完成时1、过去完成时是一个相对时态，表示过去的过去，只有在两个过去发生的动作相比较时才可显示出来。Whenwegottothestation,thetrain(leave).2、过去完成时表示截止到过去某一时间已经完成的动作。Bytheendoflastmonth,we(review)fourbooks.3、表示思维的动词用过去完成时，意为“原本……(但事与愿违)”。I(think)thathewouldwin.We(believe)thathecouldtellthetruth.现在进行时1、现在进行时表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作。Listen,someone(cry).Whatyou(do)_thesedays2、有时，现在进行时也与always等副词连用，表示反复出现的习惯性动作，用以表达说话人赞扬、讨厌等情绪。Healways(ask)thesamequestion.(厌烦)3、动词go,come,leave,arrive,start,begin,end等表将要发生的动作时也用现在进行时。They(leave)forShanghai.4、状态动词be,have,belongto,remember,know,love,like,prefer,remember,forget,hope,wish,want,see,hear,find,feel等一般不用于进行时。you(know)whereheis过去进行时1、表示在过去某一时刻或过去一段时间内正在发生的动作。I(do)myhomeworkatthistimeyesterday.2、如果when,while这样的时间状语引导词所引导的主从句之一是一般过去时，则另一个句子常用过去进行时。I(wash)myhairwhenyouknockedatthedoor.你敲门的时候我正在洗头发。【辨析】现在完成时与一般过去时现在完成时是联系过去和现在的纽带，它强调过去的动作对现在的影响；一般过去时只表示过去的某个具体时间里发生的动作，与现在没有联系。试比较：He(work)inthathospitalfor8years.(表示他从过去开始工作，一直工作到现在，可能现在仍在那家医院工作。)He(work)inthathospitalfor8years.(这只是讲述一个过去的事实，表示他现在已经不在那家医院了。)you(have)yourlunchWhatyou(have)forlunchItheGreatWall,andItherelastsummer.我去过长城，我去年夏天去的。

II巩固练习Herethebus!iscomingB.comesC.hascome2.It'sthethirdtimeIhimthismonth.A.hadseenB.seeC.sawIfyougotothewesternsuburbsofthecity,youalotofnewbuildings.A.willseeB.haveseenC.see—IhaveboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.—WhenandwhereyouitA.dobuyB.didbuyC.haveboughtSheshowedhimthephotoshethedaybefore.A.hastakenB.tookC.wastakingWhileTom,hissisteriswriting.A.readsB.hasreadC.hasbeenreadingBythetimehewasten,Edisonexperimentsinchemistry.A.hadalreadydoneB.alreadyhaddoneC.wasalreadydoingIdon'tknowifitornottomorrow.A.willsnowB.snowsHewassixty-eight.Intwoyearsheseventy.A.wasgoingtobeB.wouldbeTomformorethanaweek.A.hasleftB.hasgoneawayHesaidthathonestythekeytosuccess.A.wasB.willbeC.hassnowedC.hadbeenC.wentawayC.hassnowedC.hadbeenC.wentawayC.isA.willhavestayedB.hasstayedC.isstayingWeeachothersinceIleftShanghai.A.haven'tseenB.hadn'tseenC.didn'tsee14.I'llreturnthebooktothelibraryassoonasIit.A.willfinishB.amgoingtofinishC.finished15.Shehasboughtsomecloth;sheherselfadress.A.makesB.isgoingtomakeC.wouldmake16.Don'tgoandbotherhim.Heintheroom.A.writesB.haswrittenC.iswritingD.hasbeencomingD.haveseenD.aregoingtoseeD.hadboughtD.hadtakenD.hasbeencomingD.haveseenD.aregoingtoseeD.hadboughtD.hadtakenD.isreadingD.alreadydidD.issnowingD.willbeD.hasbeenawayD.isbeingD.hasbeenstayingD.wouldn'tseeD.havefinishedD.hasmadeD.hasbeenwritingA.wereB.willbeC.havebeenD.hadbeenMaryreallyhardonhisbookandthinkshe'llhavefinisheditbyFriday.A.workedB.hasbeenworkingC.hadworkedShetoldmethatherfathertothepostofficewhenIarrivedA.justwentA.wereB.willbeC.havebeenD.hadbeenMaryreallyhardonhisbookandthinkshe'llhavefinisheditbyFriday.A.workedB.hasbeenworkingC.hadworkedShetoldmethatherfathertothepostofficewhenIarrivedA.justwentB.hasjustgoneC.hadjustgoneDon'tgetoffuntilthebus.A.stoppedB.willstopC.willhavestoppedD.hasworkedD.hadjustbeengoingD.stopsHemusthavesensedthatIhim.Hesuddenlyglancedatmeandsaidquietly,"Whyareyoustaringatmelikethat"A.wouldlookatB.lookedatC.waslookingatHewithussincehereturnedlastmonth.A.livesB.livedC.hadlivedTheytohelpbutcouldnotgethereintime.A.hadwantedB.havewantedC.waswantingTheywillgotoworkinthecountrysidewhentheyschoolnextyear.D.amlookingatD.haslivedD.wantA.willleaveB.willhaveleaveC.areleavingIdidn'tknowwhentheyagain.A.cameB.werecomingC.hadcomeJustasIgottotheschoolgate,IrealizedIA.willleaveB.willhaveleaveC.areleavingIdidn'tknowwhentheyagain.A.cameB.werecomingC.hadcomeJustasIgottotheschoolgate,IrealizedImybookinthecafe.A.haveleftB.hadleftC.wouldleaveTheyhereformorethanamonth.A.havearrivedB.havereachedC.havecomeWeameetingfrom2to4yesterdayafternoon.A.hadhadB.wouldhaveC.werehavingD.leaveD.hadbeencomingD.wasleavingD.havebeenD.hadShetoldusshehadmetyouinLondonlastyear.A.Had;metB.Did;seeyouhersinceC.Would;meetD.Have;seenItisreportedthataspacestationonthemooninyearstocome.A.willbebuildingB.willbebuiltC.hasbeenbuildingD.hasbeenbuilt—IsPetercoming—No,hehismindafteraphonecallatthelastminute.A.ChangesB.changedITomhasmadeamistake.A.amthinkingB.shallthinkIwritingthearticlenow.A.finishB.isfinishingWhenyoutostudyEnglishA.have;begunB.did;beginHewastakenintohospitallastweek.InfactheA.hasbeenB.hasgotC.waschangingD.hadchangedC.thinkD.havebeenthinkingC.finishedD.havefinishedC.had;begunD.do;begin_illforthreemonths.C.hadfallenD.hadbeenm•完形提升WhenIsettledinChicago,mynewcityseemedsobigandunfriendly.ThenIhadalproblemandhadtogotohospitalfora_2examination.Itseemedasmall_3comparedtotheoneIwasabouttoface,butthingsstartedtogo_4rightfromthebeginning.Nothavingacaror__5thecity,IwasdependingonacoupleofbusestogetmefromAtoB.6I'dleftmyselfplentyoftime,soonitwas丄Iwasgoingtobelate,asIhadmistakenlyboardedabusthatwastakingmeinthe__8direction.I__9thebusandstoodonthepavementnotknowingwhattodo.Ilookintotheeyesofal0,whowastryingtogetpastme.L1,insteadofmovingon,shestoppedtoask讦Iwasl2.AfterIexplainedmyl3toher,shepointedtoabusstopacrossthestreet,whereabuswouldtakemebackintothecitytomyl4.Sittingtherewaiting,Ifeltl5thatsomeonehadbeenwillingtohelp.16,hearingahornnearby,Ilookeduptoseeacarwithmynewfriend17atmetogetin.Shehadreturnedtooffermea18tothehospital.Suchunexpected19fromapasser-bywasalovelygifttoreceive.AsIclimbedoutofthecaratthehospitalandturnedtothankher,shesmiledandtoldmenottolose20,forallthingsarepossible.1.A.physicalB.travelingC.socialD.housing2.A.scientificB.finalC.previousD.thorough3.A.chanceB.challengeC.successD.error4.A.wrongB.easyC.fastD.ahead5.A.leavingB.visitingC.knowingD.appreciating6.A.AlthoughB.SinceC.UnlessD.Once7.AstrangeB.necessaryC.obviousD.important8.A.sameB.rightC.generalD.opposite9.A.lookedatB.waitedforC.gotoffD.raninto10.AdriverB.friendC.strangerD.gentleman11.A.EspeciallyB.SurprisinglyC.ProbablyD.Normally

12.A.nervousB.excitedC.OKD.dangerous13.A.ideaB.motivationC.excuseD.situation14.A.appointmentB.apartmentC.directionD.station15.A.afraidB.gratefulC.certainD.disappointed16.A.ThusB.ThenC.PerhapsD.Surely17.AstaringB.laughing.C.wavingD.shouting18.A.liftB.suggestionC.bikeD.guidebook19.A.resultsB.newsC.kindnessD.appearance20.A.powerB.faithC.touchD.supportIV.阅读理解AAnormalconversationbetweenstrangersinvolvesmorethantalk.Italsoinvolvesthedynamicsofspaceinteraction.Ifonepersongetstooclose,theotherpersonwillbackup.Ifthefirstpersoninvadestheother'sspaceagain,theotherpersonwillbackupagain.Thepersonwhofindshimselfbackingupistryingtoincreasethedistanceofthecomfortzone.Thepersonclosinginistryingtodecreasethatdistance.Mostlikelyneitherpersonisfullyawareofwhatisgoingon.Inthe1960s,AmericananthropologistEdwardT.Hallwasapioneerinthestudyofhumanbehavioraluseofspace.Hisfieldofstudybecameknownasproxemics（空间关系学）.HallsaidthatpersonalspaceforpeopleintheUnitedStatescanbedefinedashavingfourdistinctzones:theintimatezonewithin18inchesofyourbody,forwhisperingandembracing;thepersonalzoneof18inchestofourfeet,fortalkingwithclosefriends;thesocialzoneoffourto10feet,forconversingwithacquaintance;andthepubliczoneof10to25feet,forinteractionwithstrangersortalkingtoagroup.HistorianssaythatourstandardsofpersonalspacebeganwiththeIndustrialRevolutioninthe18thcentury.IncitiessuchasLondonandNewYork,peopleofdifferentsocialandeconomicclassesweresuddenlycrammedtogether,sotheyunconsciouslydevelopedacommonlyunderstoodcodeofpolitenesstorestrictthespacearoundthem.Peopleexhibitnonverbalmessagesofdiscomfortwhentheirzonesareviolated.Invadedpeoplemighttaptheirtoes,pullattheirhair,andtheymightbecomecompletelyrigid,orevenbecomeangry.AsHallnotedinhislandmarkwork,acomfortableconversationneedstoincludetheparameters规范）ofhumanpersonalspace.（302wordsThispassageismostlyabout.A.whatnonverbalcommunicationB.humanconversationC.thelifeofEdwardT.HallEdwardT.HalldefinedC.thelifeofEdwardT.HallEdwardT.HalldefinedD.humanbehavioraluseofspaceB.angrypeopleD.theIndustrialRevolutionB.angrypeopleD.theIndustrialRevolutionC.fourzonesofpersonalspaceIfyouandaclosefriendbegantalkingwhenyouwereeightfeetapart,youwouldprobablysoonA.moveclosertogetherB.movefartherapartC.begintalkingmoresoftlyD.askanotherfriendtojoinintheconversationTheword“dynamics”means“A.difficultiesC.largenessA.difficultiesC.largenessD.explosionssolargethattheyarebeyondbeliefBOnOctober12,1989,someBritishscientistswereworkingatthecomputerstolookfortheinformationtheyneeded.Suddenlytheysawalotofverybrightpointscrossingthecomputersscreens.Atthesametimethecomputerswereworkingmuchslower.Tofindoutwhatwashappeningtheystoppedtheirworktochecksomepartsofthecomputers.Totheirhorror（恐怖），theyfoundoutthatmostoftheirstoredinformationwasgotridofbycomputerviruses（病毒）！Clearlyallthesecomputershadbeeninfected（感染）bycomputerviruses.Itissaidthatthecomputervirusesweremadebyagroupofyoungmenfondofplayingtricks.Theyallhadexcellenteducation.Theycreatedthevirusesjusttoshowtheirintelligence（才能）.ThesekindsofcomputervirusesarenamedJerusalemViruses.Thesevirusescanstayincomputersforalongtime.Whenthetimecomestheywillattack（袭击）thecomputersbyloweringthefunctions（功能），damagingtheirnormalprogramsorevengettingridofalltheinformation.WenowcometoknowthatJerusalemVirusesoftenattackcomputersonFridayandthattheyarespreading（传播）toalotofcomputers.AmongthecountriesthatwereattackedbycomputerviruseslastyearareBritain,Australia,SwitzerlandandtheU.S.Buttillnow,howtogetridoftheterriblevirusesremainsaproblem.TOC\o"1-5"\h\z1.Whenthevirusesattackthecomputers,thecomputerswillwork.A.normallyB.slowlyC.fasterD.wellThegroupofyoungmencreatedthevirusesto.A.damagethecomputersB.testtheirabilityC.tellpeoplethattheywereintelligentD.playatrickonusersofthecomputersAccordingtothepassage,computervirusesseemto.A.havebeeninnatureforyearsB.stayinanycomputersC.bedifficulttogetridofatpresentD.beabletobegotridofinthenearfutureAccordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUEA.Lastyearfourcountriesfoundtheircomputerwereinfectedbyviruses.Theviruseswillcometoanewcomputerafterstayingintheoldoneforsometime.Scientistsaretryingtofindawaytogetridoftheviruses.TheJerusalemVirusesaredangeroustohumanhealth.II.1—5:BDABD6-10:DAABD11-15CCADB16-20:CABCD21-25:CDADB26-30:BDCDB31-35:BCDBDIII.答案篇章导读本文是一篇记叙文。作者主要叙述了自己乘坐公交车去检查身体却因为不熟悉这个城市而坐错了方向，正当自己茫然不知所措的时候，一个陌生人帮助了自己，并且给作者以鼓励的故事。A根据下文中“gotohospital（去进行身体检查）〃可判断是身体方面出现了问题，因此使用physical''身体的"。D当作者身体有问题的时候，不得