冶金工程专业英语翻译课件

例：

BritishandAmericanmetallurgistsarrivedonthepatentofficedoorstepataboutthesametimein1948withtheirprocessesformanufacturinganewformofcastironcalledductileiron,amarvelousproductthatcouldbemadeusingmostoftheavailableequipmentandtechnologyofthegrayironfoundryandhadsomespecialphysicalandeconomicadvantagessettingitapartfromgrayandmalleableironsandforgedorcaststeels.冶金学家球墨铸铁可锻铸铁例：冶金学家球墨铸铁可锻铸铁例：例：A、根据词类，辨明词义

1、Aluminiumisalightmetal.2、Thefoundryproduceslightcastings.3、Lightcannotpassthroughopaqueobject.4、Thebeaconlightedtheplanetoasafelanding.B、区分场合，确定词义

1、Thefourthpowerofthreeiseightyone.2、Energyisthepowertodowork.3、Withthedevelopmentofelectricalengineering,

powercanbetransmittedoverlongdistances.4、Thesurfacemorphologyofspheroidalgraphiteinductileironcanbeobservedundera1000power

SEM.形貌球状的例：例：形貌球状的C、按照习惯，搭配词义

1、Highsiliconcastironpossesseshigh

resistancetooxidationathightemperature.2、Alargepressureandalargecurrentareneededtogetalargeamountofwaterpower.

D、联系上下文，活用词义

1、Thestrengthdecreasesasthetemperatureincreases.2、Smallasatomsare,electronsarestillsmaller.C、按照习惯，搭配词义TheextentofdecarburizationinawhiteheartirondependsonMg-Sratioaswellasonsectionthickness.Whenhighpouringtemperaturesareusedtoensuresatisfactoryrunning

ofthinsectionsofcastingstheprimaryaustenitetendstoformlongcoarsedendrites.白心可锻铸铁填充脱碳TheextentofdecarburizationWroughtalloyspossessgoodforgeability,anditgiveswaytopressure.Electricresistancefurnaces

havetheirelectricenergytransformedintoheat.Thismachineissimpleindesign,yetitisefficientinoperation.在压力下会变形将，使得结构WroughtalloyspossessgoodfoAlloysbelongtoahalf-wayhousebetweenmixturesandcompounds.Thisnewannealingfurnaceisa

fuel-efficientmodel.中间结构燃料有效模型节油型Alloysbelongtoahalf-wayho词语的增译1英语复数名词的增译Afteraseriesofexperimentsimportantphenomenahavebeenascertained.Thefirststeelcastingsproducedbyfullmoldprocess(实型铸造工艺)wentintousein1978.一些重要现象第一批词语的增译1英语复数名词的增译一些重要现象第一批2表示动作意义名词的增译Oxidationwillmakeironandsteelrusty.Correctionsandchangesaremadeinaccordancewiththeobservedperformance.氧化作用做出修正及改变2表示动作意义名词的增译氧化作用做出修正及改变3增译概括性词语Bothsteelironandcastironhavethestructuresofeutectoid,

hypoeutectoidandhypereutectoid.Ductileironsaremanufacturedbymelting,inoculation(孕育处理),spheroidization(球化处理)

andpouring.3增译概括性词语4增译解说性词语

Metallicmatrixcompositesbecameusefulonlyinthelateeighties.

…..成为…..东西Thisquestionisreallyatechniquedesignratherthananoperationproblem.

....工艺方面….操作方面

4增译解说性词语5增译语气连贯词Themorecomplexthecasting,themoredifficultthealloyandmoredifficulttheapplicablespecifications,thegreaterthefinancialbenefit.…..那么…..就Manypersonslearnedtoprogramwithlittleunderstandingofcomputersandtheirapplications.

…..虽然…..但5增译语气连贯词词语的减译1冠词的减译Thedirectarcfurnaceisparticularlysuitablefortheproductionofhighalloyirons.Aliquidmetalbecomesagasatoraboveboilingpoint.Thesmallercarbideswilleasilydecomposeandgointosolutionintheausteniteandproduceamorehomogeneousaustenitestructure.词语的减译1冠词的减译2介词的减译Thetemperatureofmetalmouldsshouldalwaysbeinexcessof200℃.Thecontentofmetaltitaniuminthisalloyis12.3%-18.6%byweight.In1990aluminiumalloycastingstransfersamountedtoperhaps＄30millioninthemarket.2介词的减译3连词的减译Manganesegoesintosolidsolutionandthenitformsaseparateconstituent.

Mn溶入固溶体，然后形成游离态组元。Thesemetalsusuallyrequireacertainamountofpreheatingbeforeweldingandthenallowedtocoolslowlyaftertheweldiscompleted.3连词的减译4.1人称代词的减译Mostofthesealloysarecoveredbyproprietarynamesandtheyarenormallyproducedunderlicencefromcompanieswhichhavedevelopedthem.4.1人称代词的减译Beforeyoubegintoworktheinstrument,firstreadtheinstructioncarefully.Giventheweightandthespecificgravityofabody,wecancalculateitsvolume.Beforeyoubegintoworkthei4.2物主代词的减译Theprocessofseparatingametalfromitsoreiscalledsmelting.Itispossibletovarythefluidityandchemicalreactivityofslagsbyadjustingtheircomposition.4.2物主代词的减译4.3反身代词的减译Likezinc,ironalsoconvertsitselfintoavaporathightemperature.4.4不定代词的减译Onecannotseethemetallographicstructureofalloywithone’snakedeyes.4.3反身代词的减译4.5关系代词的减译Industrialexperiencehasshownthatductileironstreatedwithpuremagnesiumtendtohavelessproblemswithdrossdefects.4.5关系代词的减译5动词的减译Thisprocessoffersaverygoodcontrolonthegascontentandtheamountofinsolubleoxidefilmsintheliquidmetal.Makinguseoffree-siliconnodularizerresultsinarequirementforimprovedspheroidizingtreatmenttechnology.5动词的减译6引导词的减译Ifmorethoughtweregiventoconsequencesofinjuriestherewouldbelesstendencytoignoresafetyprecautionsandthus,feweraccidents.Itisimportanttoreducethecarbonlevelinstainlesssteelsaslowaspossible.6引导词的减译7根据修辞进行减译Theforceofgravityactsverticallydownwardsandgivesanobject“weightorheaviness”.Eachnucleationsitegivesrisetoacrystalorgrainwhich,whensolidificationiscomplete,meetsneighboringgrainsatagrainboundary.7根据修辞进行减译成分的转换1动词宾语主语Thisdeviceexhibitsahighefficient.Therunnergateshouldhaveaflatbottom.2介词宾语主语

Castirondifferintheirgraphitemorphologies.成分的转换1动词宾语主语3表语主语Thisequipmentisawell-designedstructure.4主语宾语Carbonisfoundinalmostallferrousmetals.Anausteniteshellisformedovertheentiresurfaceofthegraphitenodules.3表语主语5定语谓语Lowertemperaturesareassociatedwithfastercrystalgrowthrates.6状语补语Thetriple-diffusedstructurehasitsadvantageofhavingauniformlydopedcollectorregion.5定语谓语词性的转换1名词其它词Theexperimentprovedtobeafailure.Thedefectsofcastingsshowconsiderablevariety.2动词名词Theinstrumentischaracterizedbyitscompactnessandportability.词性的转换1名词其它词3形容词其它词Thismetalmatrixcompositeisfairlyrecentdevelopment.Thesecomponentsmayserveasanillustrativeapplicationofthesurfacealloyingprocess.3形容词其它词4副词其它词ThedeviceisshownschematicallyinFig.3.Theextrusiondiemustbedimensionallycorrect.5介词动词TheletterAiscommonlyusedforaustenite,Fforferrite,Gforgraphite.4副词其它词词序的变动Thepouringtemperaturemustbebelow1340℃tominimizeliquidshrinkage.ThedrossproblemiscausedbytheformationofmagnesiumoxidesandsulfidesresultingfromtheMgtreatment.词序的变动ThepouringtemperaturemSlipandtwinningarethemostimportantmodesofdeformationandaccountlargelyfortheplasticstrainthatisgeneratedbeforefracture.Presentedinthepaperarenewdataonthissubject.Slipandtwinningarethemost被动句型TensilestrengthismeasuredinMPa.Metalaluminumitselfhadbeenknowntoman.1420℃isshowedonthepyrometer.Nosteelcanbemeltedwithoutelectricfurnace.被动句型Tensilestrengthismeasur否定句型全部否定：用具有否定意义的词构成1Noneofthesecastingshaveshrinkagedefects.2Neitherofthecompoundsareintermetalliccompound.否定句型全部否定：用具有否定意义的词构成复数形式数的翻译

tens数十个

dozens几十

hundreds几百个

thousands几千个

millions千千万万复数形式数的翻译5、含有数词的习惯短语

ahundredandone无数的，许多的

byhalves不完全，不彻底

fifty-fifty平均

firstofall首先

secondtonone首屈一指5、含有数词的习惯短语直译与意译Siliconcarbidecruciblesalsoconsistofsiliconcarbideandspecialgraphitesbutwiththeadditionofasmallquantityofsilicon.

碳化硅坩埚也是由碳化硅和特种石墨组成，但还添加了少量的硅。Itmayseemstrangethatinthismodernelectronictime,thephysicistsarestillaverylongwayfromunderstandingtheultimatestructureofmatterorexistence.

看起来也许有些奇怪，在当今电子时代，物理学家距离理解物质或存在的最终结构还有很长一段路程。在当今电子时代，物理学家们还远没有弄清物质即存在的最终结构，这似乎有些奇怪。直译与意译在当今电子时代，物理学家们还远没有弄清物质即存在的死译与乱译Problemsencounteredinthetestindicatetheneedforfollowingadditionaldesignrefinements.

试验中碰到的问题指明了下述另外的设计改进的必要。Foundingofmetalshasalwaysbeenregardedasamixtureofartandsciencewithsomefoundrymanmaintainingitismoreanartthanascience.

金属铸造通常被认为是艺术和科学的混合体，而一些铸造师认为它比科学更艺术。试验中出现的问题表明，还需要对原设计进行下述改进。通常认为金属铸造是艺术与科学的结合，一些铸造师则认为：与其说它是一门科学，毋宁说它是一种艺术。死译与乱译试验中出现的问题表明，还需要对原设计进行下述改进。词典的作用犹如钟表。最坏的钟表聊胜于无，而最好的钟表也难保无误。Dictionariesarelikewatches,theworstisbetterthannoneandthebestcannotbeexpectedtobequitetrue.词典的作用犹如钟表。最坏的钟表聊胜于无，而最好的钟表也难保无一、顺序法。当英语长句的内容的叙述层次与汉语基本一致时,可以按照英语原文的顺序翻译成汉语。例如:例1.Evenwhenweturnoffthebesidelampandarefastasleep,electricityisworkingforus,drivingourrefrigerators,heatingourwater,orkeepingourroomsair-conditioned.即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时,电仍在为我们工作:帮我们开动电冰箱,把水加热,或使室内空调机继续运转。一、顺序法。当英语长句的内容的叙述层次与汉语基本一致时,可例2.Butnowitisrealizedthatsuppliesofsomeofthemarelimited,anditisevenpossibletogiveareasonableestimateoftheir“expectationoflife”,thetimeitwilltaketoexhaustallknownsourcesandreservesofthesematerials.

可是现在人们意识到,其中有些矿物质的蕴藏量是有限的,人们甚至还可以比较合理的估计出这些矿物质“可望存在多少年”,也就是说,经过若干年后,这些矿物的全部已知矿源和储量将消耗殆尽。例2.Butnowitisrealizedtha二、逆序法。英语有些长句的表达次序与汉语表达习惯不同,甚至完全相反,这时必须从原文后面开始翻译。例1.Aluminumremainedunknownuntilthenineteenthcentury,becausenowhereinnatureisitfoundfree,owingtoitsalwaysbeingcombinedwithotherelements,mostcommonlywithoxygen,forwhichithasastrongaffinity.由于铝总是跟其他元素结合在一起,最普遍的是跟氧结合（因为铝跟氧有很强的亲和力）,所以在自然界中找不到游离状态的铝，因而直到19世纪铝才被人发现。二、逆序法。英语有些长句的表达次序与汉语表达习惯不同,甚至例2.SuchisahumannatureintheWestthatagreatmanypeopleareoftenwillingtosacrificehigherpayfortheprivilegeofbecomingwhitecollarworkers.

许多人宁愿牺牲比较高的工资以换取成为白领工人的社会地位,这在西方倒是人之常情。例2.Suchisahumannaturein例3.They(thepoor)arethefirsttoexperiencetechnologicalprogressasacursewhichdestroystheoldmuscle-powerjobsthatpreviousgenerationsusedasameanstofighttheirwayoutofpoverty.

对于以往几代人来说,旧式的体力劳动是一种用以摆脱贫困的手段,而技术的进步则摧毁了穷人赖以为生的体力劳动,因此首先体验到技术进步之害的是穷人。例3.They(thepoor)arethefi三、分句法。有时英语长句中主语或主句与修饰词的关系并不十分密切,翻译时可以按照汉语多用短句的习惯,把长句的从句或短语化成句子,分开来叙述,为了使语意连贯,有时需要适当增加词语。例1.Forgingprocessesmaybeclassifiedasunitproductionwithsmallquantitiesbeingmadeandmassproductionwithlargenumberofidenticalcastingsbeingproduced.锻造方法可分为单件生产和大批生产两类：单件生产是生产少量的锻件，大批生产则是生产大量相同的锻件。三、分句法。有时英语长句中主语或主句与修饰词的关系并不十分密

例2.Television,itisoftensaid,keepsoneinformedaboutcurrentevents,allowonetofollowthelatestdevelopmentsinscienceandpolitics,andoffersanendlessseriesofprogramswhicharebothinstructiveandentertaining.

人们常说,通过电视可以了解时事,掌握科学和政治的最新动态。从电视里还可以看到层出不穷、既有教育意义又有娱乐性的新节目。例2.Television,itisoften例3.ThenumberoftheyoungpeopleintheUnitedStateswhocan`treadisincredibleaboutoneinfour.

大约有1/4的美国青年人没有阅读能力,这简直令人难以置信。例3.Thenumberoftheyoungpe例4.Althoughperhapsonly1percentofthelifethathasstartedsomewherewilldevelopintohighlycomplexandintelligentpatterns,sovastisthenumberofplanetsthatintelligentlifeisboundtobeanaturalpartoftheuniverse.

虽然在某处已经开始的生命中可能仅有百分之一会发展成高度复杂、有智慧的型式,但是行星的数目如此之多,以致有智慧的生命一定是宇宙的一个天然组成部分。例4.Althoughperhapsonly1p例1.Modernscientificandtechnicalbooks,especiallytextbooks,requiresrevisionatshortintervalsiftheirauthorswishtokeeppacewithnewideas,observationsanddiscoveries.

对于现代书籍,特别是教科书来说,要是作者希望自己书中的内容能与新概念、新观察到的事实和新发现同步发展的话,那么就应该每隔较短的时间,将书中的内容重新修改。四、综合法。一些英语长句单纯采用上述任何一种方法都不方便,这就需要我们的仔细分析,或按照时间的先后,或按照逻辑顺序,顺逆结合,主次分明地对全句进行综合处理,以便把英语原文翻译成通顺忠实的汉语句子。

例1.Modernscientificandtec

例2.0neofthewaysoffurtherstrengtheningasolidsolutionmatrixistoobtainafinedistributionofahardintermeta