英语现在分词短语做状语详解Verb-ing-phrases课件

英语语法Verb-ingphrases2-ing短语作状语称为现在分词短语作状语现在分词短语作状语时，通常都表示主语正在进行的另一动作，来对谓语表示的主要动作加以修饰或作为陪衬．

3Relyingonourownefforts,weovercameallthedifficulties.Theystoodthereforanhour,watchingthegame.Don’tjuststandtheredoingnothing.4现在分词作状语有四种形式

1.一般形式，由动词原形＋ing构成．2.完成形式，由having+过去分词．3.进行被动式：由being＋过去分词4.完成被动式：由havingbeen＋过去分词构成

51.现在分词何时用一般形式?⑴当分词的动作是由主语发出，而且和谓语动词同时发生，则用分词的一般形式．Hewasillanddidn’tattendthemeeting.=Beingill,hedidn’tattendthemeeting.6Whenhesawthosepicture,hecouldn’thelpthinkingofthosedaysinthewar.=Seeingthosepictures,hecouldn’thelpthinkingofthosedaysinthewar.

7⑵如果分词表示的是一个极短暂的动作,这动作一发生,谓语表示的动作立即发生,也用分词的一般形式.

Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.Walkingoutoftheroom,hefoundtheboystillthere.82.现在分词何时用完成形式？当分词的动作是由主语发出，而且发生在谓语动作之前，则用分词的完成形式．Havingfinishedtheclass,shewenthome.=Aftershefinishedtheclass…9Havingworkedamongthepeasantsformanyyears,heknewthemverywell.=Ashehadworked…103.现在分词何时用进行被动式？当分词的动作由主语承受，而且分词的动作与谓语动词同时发生时．Beingcriticizedbytheemployer,thenewemployeehunghishead.114.现在分词何时用完成的被动式？当分词表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，且分词表示的动作由主语承受．Havingbeenpraisedforhisjob,Tomworkedharder.12现在分词作状语相当于状语从

句可表时间，原因，方式，伴随情况，结果或条件等13(1)相当于原因状语从句a.Beingill,shedidn’tgtoschooltoday.=Assheisill,…b.Havingseenthefilm,hedidn’tgotothecinemawiththem.=Becausehehadseenthefilm,…14c.Feelingtired

，Iwenttobedearly.=BecauseIfelttired,…d.Notknowingheraddress,wecouldn’tgetintouchwithher.＝Becausewedidn’tknowheraddress,…15Greatlyinterested,Iaskedtohaveatrymyself.Delighted,thegirlsthoughtupmanygoodideas.16a.Walkinginthestreet(=WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet),Icaughtsightofatailorshop.b.Turningaround(Whensheturnedaround),shesawanambulancedrivingup.（2）相当于时间状语从句17c.Whenleavingtheairport(Whentheylefttheairport),theywavedagainandagain.D.Don’tmentionthiswhiletalkingtohim(whileyouaretalkingtohim).18(3)表示行为方式，伴随情况或补充说明等a.Holdingthenoteinhishand,hestoodtheredumbfounded.b.Thestudentswentaway,runningandlaughing.c.Staving,hewanderedabout.

19(4)表示结果a.Theoldmandied,leavingnothingbutdebts.b.wehurriedtoschool,findingtherewerenostudentsintheschool.c.Theyopenedfire,killingoneofourpatrolmen.20(5)表示条件a.Stayinghereforsometime,you’llfindthepeopleherearefriendly.b.Ifplayingallday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.

21注意1：不是每个状语从句都能用分词替换只有当分词和句子的主语有逻辑上的主谓关系时，才能用分词替换．22BeforeIcameintothelab,thestudenthadbeenseated.Comeinto的动作既不是students发出的也不是students承受，所以不能这样说Comingintothelab,thestudentshadbeenseated.23注意2：分词作状语时，分词和句子的主语一定要有逻辑上的主谓关系逻辑上的主谓关系即分词的动作由句子的主语发出或承受．24Wearesittinghere,makingnotes.make的动作由主语我们发出Beingscoldedbyhismother,theboyhunghishead.Scold的动作由theboy承受25注意3：如果分词和句子没有逻辑上的主谓关系，则不能用单个的分词作状语，可以用分词的独立主格结构或状语从句．26现在分词的独立结构为名词或代词＋分词，名词或代词是分词的逻辑主语Timepermitting,I’llcallonyouthisSunday.Therebeingnomoney,hecouldbuynothing.27Heenteringtheoffice,aletterwasfoundontheground.ProfessorZhanghavingfinishedthelecture,hisdriverdrovehimhome.28分词作状语时,在少数情况下,其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致,分词用来修饰全句

Judgingfromhisaccent,heseemedtobefromMaba.=Ifwejudge…29Generallyspeaking,everyspyhasacontact.Consideringhisage,hewashelpedbytheyoungfellow.时间条件伴随方式原因结果Verb-ingphrases现在分词作状语现在分词作状语：时间，条件，伴随方式，原因，结果1.时间状语：

Workinginthefactory,helearnedalotfromtheworkers.(分词一般式）Havingreadtheletter,shegotveryexcited.（完成式）注①：现在分词作时间,原因状语：如果分词所表示的动作和谓语的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生，用现在分词的一般式。如果分词动作明显在谓语之前发生，用现分完成式。Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.Havingarrivedatthefactory,theyimmediatelysettowork.注②：在作时间状语的分词前，可加连词while,when，介词after,before,on.Becarefulwhencrossingthestreet.Don’tmentionthiswhiletalkingtohim.OnarrivinginLondon,hemanagedtogetintouchwithher.=AssoonashearrivedinLondon,….2.现在分词作条件状语：Workinghard,youwillsucceed.Turningtotheleft,youwillfindthepathleadingtothesite.3.现在分词作伴随方式状语：Shecamerunningtowardsme.Thechildrenranoutoftheroom,laughingandtalkingmerrily.Theystoodthereforanhour,watchingthegame.Shesatatthedeskreadinganewspaper.Travelingbyjeep,wevisitedanumberofcities.Followingtheguide,theystartedtoclimb.4.现在分词作原因状语：Seeingnobodyathome,shedecidedtoleavethemanote.Notknowingheraddress,wecouldn’tgetintouchwithher.Beingsopoorinthosedays,wecouldn’taffordtosendtheboytohospital.注：

Havingworkedamongthepeasantsformanyyears,heknewthemverywell.（分词完成式的肯定式）

Nothavingreceivedananswer,hedecidedtowriteanotherletter.（分完否）

5.现在分词作结果状语：（多用于句尾）Herhusbanddiedin1942,leavingherwithfivechildren.Thebuswasheldupbysnowstorm,thuscausingthedelay.Hewascaughtintherain,thusmakinghimselfcatchcold.Ihurriedtoschool,onlytofindthatitwasSunday.Note:现在分词表示必然结果，前可加thus,不定式表意外的结果，前可加only.Note:

在用分词短语作状语时,它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一致,如不一致则要加上它自己逻辑上的主语,这种结构称为:独立主格结构I.名词普通格（代词主格）+现在分词1.TheNightcomingon,theystartedforhome.2.Thelastbushavinggone,hehadtowalkhome.3.Timepermitting,wearegoingtoclimbthemountaintomorrow.4.Theyaretalkingwiththeteacher,theirchildrenplayingoutside.5.Itraining,Iwenttoworkwithanumbrella.II.名词普通格（代词主格）+过去分词1.Histeafinished,hewentonwithhiswork.（时间）2.Hishomeworkdone,hewenttowatchthegame.3.Hislegbadlyhurt,hehadtobesenttohospital.（原因）4.Thereportread,discussionbegan.III.名词普通格（代词主格）+(being)+adj.(adv./prep-phrase/n./todo)1.Everything(being)ready,theystartedout.2.Themeeting(being)over,weallleftthehall.3.WuSongbeatthetigertodeath,twofists(being)hisonlyweapon..4.Guninhand,thesoldiersranupthehill.5.Herearethefirsttwovolumes,thethirdonetocomeoutnextmonth.Consolidation1.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,___alongspeechforthepresident.A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.waspreparing2.Thevisitingministerexpressedhissatisfactionwiththetalks,___thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.A.havingaddedB.toaddC.addingD.added3.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,____itthemostpopularsportintheworld.A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomake4.____upathisfather,heaskedwhatwasthematterwithhim.A.HavinglookedB.LookingC.TolookD.Look5.____fromhisclothes,heisnotsopoor.A.JudgedB.JudgingC.TojudgeD.Havingjudged6._____suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Suffered1.作时间状语,可以表示三个时间概念Verb-ingphrasesA.表示和谓语动作同时发生,相当于“assoonas”引导的时间状语从句Hearingthegoodnews,Ilaughedwithtears.=AssoonasIheardthegoodnews,I…B.谓语动词的动作发生在分词动作的过程中,表示“在做某事期间”，相当于由when/while

引导的时间状语从句。Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldacquaintance.=When/While

Iwaswalkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldacquaintance.=When/While

walkinginthestreet,Icameacross…

C.如果分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前,分词就要用完成时。如:Havingdoneourhomework,wewentouttoplay.2.作原因状语,相当于because/as

引导的原因状语从句。A.和谓语动词的动作同时发生Beingill,Joedidn’tgotoschool.=Because/Ashewasill,hedidn’tgo…Notknowingwhattodonext,hewenttohisdoctorforadvice.=Because/Ashedidn’tknowwhattodonext,hewentto…B.如果分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前,分词就要用完成时。Havingseenthefilmmanytimes,Joedidn’tgotoseeitforanothertimelastnight.3.作结果状语,现在分词的动作同谓语动词的动作几乎同时发生。Themotherdied,leavingtwelvechildrenbehind.Wefiredattheenemy,