大学英语四级语法课件

Prefixes1)Negativeprefixes(否定)un-/in-/im-/ir-/il-/dis-non-/a(an-:not,theoppositeofunexpected,uncertain,inactive,incapableimpractical,irregular,irresponsible,(unrelated)illegal,illiterate,(literate,literal,literary)disloyal,non-nuclear,non-smoker.asymmetrical,anarchy,anonymousPrefixes2)Reversativeorprivativeprefixes(变反,反un-toreversetheactionuntie,unwrap,unfold,unseal,unhorse,unearthde-:todepriveof/toreverseaction/lower(down)defrostdebone,deforestationdevaluedescend(ascend),degrade(upgrade),demote(promote)dis-toreversetheactiondisconnectPrefixes3)Pejorativeprefixes(降格,转贬mis-:wrongly,astraymisinform,misleading,misunderstandingmisconduct,misspell,misprint,misreadmal-badlymaltreat=mistreat=ill-treat,malodorousmalefactor(benefactor),malevolentbenevolent)pseudo-false,imitationpseudo-democratIc,pseudo-claSsICPrefixes4)Prefixesofdegreeorsize(大小,程度arch-:highest,worsarch-criminal.arch-enemy,archbishop,archangelsuper-morethan,abovesupernaturalsub-lowerthan,lessthansubstandardout:do.-ertharoutrun,outlive,outworkoutperform,outsmart(oneself)sur-overandabovesurtax,surplusvalueover-toomuchovereat,overdressed,over-estimateunder-toolittleunder-estimatehyper-:extremelyhypercriticalPrefixes4)Prefixesofdegreeorsize(大小,程度)ultra-:beyond,excessivelyultravioletnfra-:below/base:infrastructure,infrared(imaging)maxi-:large,longmaxiskirtmaximum(maximal,maximize)mini-little.smallminiskirtminimum(minimal,minimize)macro-largemacroeconomIcmicro-smallmicroscopePrefixes5)Locativeprefixes(位置)super-oversuperstructuresub-beneath.lessinranksubway,sublet,submarineyper-:over,abovehypersonichypertensionypo:underhypotension,hypothesishypodermicinter-:betweenamonginterchange,interstatePrefixesintra-/intro-into,insideinput,import,introspectintrovert/extrovert/ambiverte-,ex-,eC-,extra/o-:out,awayoutput,export,emit(transmit),external/internal,exterior/interior,inner/outer.extrasolar,eccentrictrans-:across,fromoneplacetoanothetransplant,transfer,transport,transformdia-/via:asfortransdiametre,viaductab-/seg-/de-/dis-away,fromabnormal.abdussegregation,detach,distractad-lag-/at-:toward,withaddict,aggragation,attach,attractPrefixes6)Prefixesofattitude(态度)CO-,col-,com-,con-,cor-,sym-,syn-:with,jointco-chair,collaboration,commemorateconference.correlatesympathy(apathy=antipathy),synchronizepro-:insupportof,onthesideof:pro-communistcounter-contr-,anti-:againstcounteract(react,interact,transact),contrastanti-socialPrefixes7)Prefixesoftimeandorder(时间,顺序)fore,pre-beforeforetell,predictforeknowledge,forefather,forecast,foreheadpre-school,prewarpost-:afterpostwar,postmaritalex:formerex-president,ex-Wifere-:again,backreturnresettlementPrefixes8)Numberprefixes(数字)semicircle,hemisphereateral,unanimous,monographmonogamy,monoxide,monothebigamy,dioxide,bi-lateraltriangle,tripquadr-/tetraquadruple,tetrametrequ