2022-2023学年辽宁省铁岭市昌图县重点中学高二下学期期末考试英语试题（原卷版+解析版无听力音频及听力原文）

第第页2022-2023学年辽宁省铁岭市昌图县重点中学高二下学期期末考试英语试题（原卷版+解析版，无听力音频及听力原文）2022～2023学年度下学期高二年级期末考试

英语试卷

第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)

做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

例：Howmuchistheshirt

A.f19.15.B.9.18.C.9.15.

答案是C。

1.WhereisTony

A.InLondon.B.InToronto.C.InNewYork.

2.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers

A.Doctorandpatient.B.Passengeranddriver.C.Teacherandstudent.

3.Whatdoesthewomanmean

A.Shewillchangehisjob.

B.Shewillbuythesuitfortheman.

C.Thecolorofthesuitisnotsuitable.

4.Wheredoesthisconversationprobablytakeplace

A.Inabank.B.Inapostoffice.C.Inadepartmentstore.

5.Whatdoweknowfromtheconversation

A.Thewomandoesn’tlikegrapejuice.

B.Thewomanforgottobuygrapejuice.

C.Themanbrokethebottleofthegrapejuice.

第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6Whatwillthemandotomorrow

A.Haveatest.B.Playbasketball.C.Goshopping.

7.WhofirstbuiltthePanamaCanal

A.TheAmericans.B.TheFrench.C.TheCanadians.

听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。

8.Whydoesthewomanrefusetogotothedinner

A.Becauseshehastoseeadoctor.

B.Becauseshehastodoherhomework.

C.Becauseshemustlookafterhermother.

9.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo

A.Gotobuysomemedicine.

B.Havedinnerwithhimthistonight.

C.Sendhermothertoseeadoctor.

听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。

10.Whatdoesthemandecidetodo

A.Stopeatingmeat.

B.Walktohiscompany.

C.Getupearlyeverymorning.

11.Whydidthemanstopwalkingtowork

A.Hehurthimselfintheleg.

B.Hewasalwayslateforwork.

C.Hefelttootiredtokeepdoingso.

12.Howdoesthewomanliketheman’sdecision

A.Shedeniesit.B.Shedoubtsit.C.Shedislikesit.

听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。

13.Whatdidthewomanfindaplacefor

A.Abirthdayparty.B.Adinnerparty.C.Agraduationparty.

14.WhywasthewomanunabletochooseBrown’sCafe

A.Itistooold.

B.Itwillbeclosedthen.

C.Ithasnofreerooms.

15.WhatdoesthewomansayabouttheGardenHouse

A.Itisquitefar.B.Itisnotbigenough.C.Itisratherexpensive.

16.Wheredidthemangolastweek

A.TotheOperaCafe.

B.TotheGardenHouse.

C.TotheUniversityHotel.

听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。

17.Whatcanyouexpectatthedinnertable

A.Aninterestinggame.B.Aninformaltalk.C.Ameaningfulstory.

18.Whatgiftcanbegiventothehostess

A.Wine.B.Handbags.C.Flowers.

19.Howshouldyoudoifyouarriveverylate

A.Changetheappointedtime.

B.Waitforthehostess’pickingup.

C.Calltoletthehostessknow.

20.Whatshouldyouavoidwhenyou’reinvitedtoanAmericanfamily

A.Takingoffyourshoes.B.Arrivingearlier.C.Bringingngift.

第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)

第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

ShortfieldtripstolocalbusinessescanhelpEnglishlearnersbegintotryouttheirlanguageskills.Thislessonplanhelpsprovidestructureforyourlearnersforafieldtrip.

Aim:

●Todevelopspeakingskillswithnativespeakersotherthantheteacher.

Activities:

●Shortfieldtripstolocalbusinesses,governmentofficesandothersitesofinterest.

Level:

●Alllevelsexceptforabsolutebeginners.

LessonOutline:

●Beginthelessonwithashortwarm-up.Takeshoppingforexample,Ideally,sharewiththestudentsyourfirstshoppinginEnglishlocally,Invitethestudentstotellabouttheirownstories.

●Gatherinformationaroundthetheme.Forexample,ifstudentslookintopurchasingahometheatersystem,onegroupcouldexploretheoptionsforTVs,onegroupforsurroundsoundandanothergroupforblue-rayplayers,etc.

●Havestudentsbreakupintogroupsofthreetofourandeachgroupdividestheirowntasksintoatleastfourseparateparts.Forexample,intheexampleofbuyingahometheatersystem,thegroupresponsibleforresearchingTVoptionsmighthavethreetasks:WhichsizeisbestforwhichlivingsituationWhichcablesarerequiredWhatisthebestpaymentoption

●Circulateintheroom,helpingstudentswiththeirquestions.

●Askeachgrouptoroleplaysituationsdependingonthecontext,likesalesperson,touristagencyrepresentative,employmentofficer,etc,

Follow-upInClass:

Herearesomeideastouseashomeworktohelpreviewwhatstudentshaveleanedontheirshortfieldtrips:

●Createshortrole-playsbasedontheirexperiences.

●Drawupvocabularytreesemployingnewvocabularystudiedduringtheirshortfieldtrip.

●Shortwritingassignmentssummarizingtheirexperience.

●Groupreportsbacktoclass.

1.Whatarethestudentsexpectedtodoatthebeginningoftheclass

A.Sharetheirtheme-relatedexperiences.B.Chooseafieldfromavailableoptions.

C.Claimtheirowntasksforthefieldtrip.D.Comeupwithathemeforthefieldtrip.

2.Whichisthestudents’homework

A.Watchingtherole-playsabouttheirtrip.B.Creatingdrawingstosummarizethetrip.

C.Reportingtheirfruitsofthetripbygroup.D.Explainingthemeaningsofthenewwords.

3.Whoisthetextintendedfor

A.Ajuniorguide.B.AnEnglishinstructor.

C.Alocalbusinessmanager.D.AnadvancedEnglishlearner.

【答案】1.A2.C3.B

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个短期的实地考察项目，说明了项目的目标、活动和课程大纲等信息。

【1题详解】

细节理解题。根据LessonOutline:部分中“Takeshoppingforexample,Ideally,sharewiththestudentsyourfirstshoppinginEnglishlocally,Invitethestudentstotellabouttheirownstories.(以购物为例，最好在当地用英语与学生分享你的第一次购物，邀请学生讲述自己的故事)”以及“●Gatherinformationaroundthetheme.(●围绕主题收集信息)”可知，学生在课程开始时应该分享与主题相关的经历。故选A。

【2题详解】

细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“●Shortwritingassignmentssummarizingtheirexperience.(●简短的写作作业，总结他们的经验)”以及最后一段“●Groupreportsbacktoclass.(●小组向班级汇报)”可知，学生的家庭作业是分组汇报他们的考察成果。故选C。

【3题详解】

推理判断题。根据第一段“ShortfieldtripstolocalbusinessescanhelpEnglishlearnersbegintotryouttheirlanguageskills.Thislessonplanhelpsprovidestructureforyourlearnersforafieldtrip.(到当地企业进行短期的实地考察可以帮助英语学习者开始尝试他们的语言技能。本课程计划有助于为您的学习者提供实地考察的结构)”可推知，文章针对的是英语教师。故选B。

B

LyndaDoughty,amarinebiologist,developedapassionformarinewildlifeduringherchildhood.GrowingupalongthecoastofMaine,shewitnessedtheimpactofhumanactivityonmarinemammalsandshemadeitherlife’sworktoprotectthem.“Ifeelthisintenseresponsibilitytohelptheseanimals,”Lyndasaid.“And,really,thisiswhatIwasputonthisEarthtodo.”

HarborsealsareamongthemostcommonmammalsfoundalongtheEastCoast,andtheyfacevariousthreatstotheirwell-being,includingfishingnetsandillegalfeeding,chemicalpollutants,aswellasboatandpropeller(螺旋桨)injuries.

Earlierinhercareer,sheworkedforamarinemammalemergencyresponseorganizationthateventuallyclosedduetolackoffunding.Tofillthegapleftbythegroup,Lyndastartedherownnon-profitorganization—MarineMammalsofMainein2023.Ithassinceprovidedresponseandmedicalcareformorethan3,000marinemammals.

Lynda’steamoperatesa24-hourhotlinethatrespondstocallsregardingmarinemammalsindanger.Theirpermitallowsthemtorespondtomammalsstranded(搁浅)within2,500milesofthecoastline,andherteamonlyoffershelpifthemammalisincriticalcondition.CriticallyillmammalsaretransportedtoLynda’scenterandnursedbacktohealth.Sealstypicallyrequirethreeormoremonthsofprofessionalcaretreatmentbeforetheyarereleasedbackintotheocean.

Inadditiontomammalrescues,MarineMammalsofMaineconductsimportantresearchtolearnaboutmarinemammalhabitatsandhumanimpacts.Marinemammalscangiveuscluesabouttheocean’shealth,whichultimatelyaffectshumanwell-beingaswell.Theorganizationalsohelpspromotemarineconservationamongyouthandthelocalcommunity.Inaddition,theyinstructthepubliconwhattodo,andwhatnottodo,whenencounteringwildspecieslikeharborseals.

4.WhatdoLynda’swordsmean

A.ShewasbornalongthecoastofMaine.

B.Sheignoredtheimpactofhumanactivity.

C.Shedidherworkwithasenseofmission.

D.Sheprotectedmarinewildlifeatayoungage.

5.WhydidLyndasetupMarineMammalsofMainein2023

A.Toearnmoremoney.

B.Toreplacethegroup.

C.Tomakethegroupanon-profitorganization.

D.Torestartmarinemammalemergencyresponse.

6.WhatcanwelearnaboutLynda’steamfromparagraph4

A.Itonlytreatscriticallyillseals.

B.Itrescuesmarinemammalsindanger.

C.Itprotectsallendangeredmarinemammals.

D.Itstopspeoplefromfishingmarinemammals.

7.What’sthepurposeofparagraph5

A.Tostateyoungergenerationsneedtobeinstructed.

B.Tostresstheseveresituationsthatmarinelifefaces.

C.TomentionothersocialcontributionsofLynda’steam.

D.Toshowhumanshaveagreatimpactonmarinemammals.

【答案】4.C5.D6.B7.C

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了多尔蒂从小热爱海洋野生动物，在成为海洋生物学家后，她成立了非营利机构救助海豹的故事。

【4题详解】

推理判断题。由第一段中的““Ifeelthisintenseresponsibilitytohelptheseanimals,”Lyndasaid.“And,really,thisiswhatIwasputonthisEarthtodo.”(琳达说：“我感到有责任帮助这些动物。”“事实上，这就是我在这个地球上要做的事情。”)”可知，琳达觉得自己有责任帮助这些动物，做着应该做的事情，可得出她带着使命感在工作。故选C项。

【5题详解】

细节理解题。由第三段中的“Earlierinhercareer,sheworkedforamarinemammalemergencyresponseorganizationthateventuallyclosedduetolackoffunding.Tofillthegapleftbythegroup,Lyndastartedherownnon-profitorganization—MarineMammalsofMainein2023.(在她职业生涯的早期，她曾为一家海洋哺乳动物应急组织工作，该组织最终因缺乏资金而关闭。为了填补该组织留下的空白，琳达于2023年创办了自己的非营利组织——缅因州海洋哺乳动物)”可知，琳达在2023年成立了缅因州海洋哺乳动物协会是因为要重启海洋哺乳动物应急响应。故选D项。

【6题详解】

细节理解题。由第四段中的“Lynda’steamoperatesa24-hourhotlinethatrespondstocallsregardingmarinemammalsindanger.Theirpermitallowsthemtorespondtomammalsstranded(搁浅)within2,500milesofthecoastline,andherteamonlyoffershelpifthemammalisincriticalcondition.(琳达的团队运营着一条24小时热线，接听有关处于危险中的海洋哺乳动物的电话。他们的许可证允许他们对搁浅在海岸线2500英里以内的哺乳动物做出反应，她的团队只有在哺乳动物情况危急的情况下才会提供帮助)”可知，琳达团队拯救处于危险中的海洋哺乳动物。故选B项。

【7题详解】

推理判断题。由第五段中的“Inadditiontomammalrescues,MarineMammalsofMaineconductsimportantresearchtolearnaboutmarinemammalhabitatsandhumanimpacts.(除了哺乳动物救援，缅因州海洋哺乳动物协会还进行了重要的研究，以了解海洋哺乳动物的栖息地和对人类的影响)”和“Inaddition,theyinstructthepubliconwhattodo,andwhatnottodo,whenencounteringwildspecieslikeharborseals.(该组织还帮助促进青年和当地社区的海洋保护。此外，当遇到像海豹这样的野生物种时，他们会指导公众该做什么，不该做什么)”可知，第五段目的在于提及琳达团队的其他社会贡献。故选C项。

C

Whetheryourkidcancountonasizableinheritance(遗产)oryourfamilyislivingpayperiodtopayperiod,acollegedegreeisamust.Alongwiththeinvisiblelifeskillsyougetfromthoseformativeyearsoncampus,collegecomeswithabankablepayout:AGeorgetownUniversitystudyfoundthat,onaverage,collegegraduatesmakeamilliondollarsmoreoveralifetimethanpeoplewhostopathighschool.

Recently,aBronxnonprofitaskedmetospeaktoagroupofhighschoolerswhosefamilieswerestrugglingfinancially.Theparticipantswere(rightly)worriedabouttakingontoomuchcollegedebt.Here’swhatItoldthem:Evenwhenyousubtract(扣除)tuition,lostearningsduringthecollegeyears,andotherfactors,anaveragecollegegradwillstilltakein$300,000morethanthosewithoutacollegedegree.

Andwhilerisingtuitionfeesareaseriousworry,freecollegeprogramsofonekindoranotherhavesprungupinmorethan20states.Myownhomestate,NewYork,boastsoneofthemostcomprehensiveefforts.TheExcelsiorScholarshipprogramguaranteesthatstudentsatpublicinstitutionsattendtuition-freeiftheirfamilyearnsunder$110,000ayear.

EveninSiliconValley,wheretherearemanysuccessfulpeoplewhodon’townacollegedegree,Iaskedagroupofparentsthereifit’struethatkidsaregivingupacollegedegreebecausethey’resurethey’llberichpeople.Theanswerwasaresounding,unapologeticno.

ThetruthisthatinthisSTEM(science,technology,engineeringandmath)-centricage,anyformofhome-schoolingorsocialeducationcan’treplacetheformalschooleducation.Especiallyinanagewhenmanylow-endcareersarebeingreplacedbyartificialintelligence(AI),acollegedegreecangiveyourkidanedge.

8.Inwritingparagraph1,theauthoraimsto________.

A.proposeadefinitionB.makeacomparison

C.giveanexampleD.presentanargument

9.Whatcanweinferfromthetext

A.FreecollegeprogramsareavailableallovertheUSA.

B.IntheSTEM-centricage,acollegedegreeisessential.

C.InNewYork,allpublicschoolstudentsaretuition-free.

D.Childrenfromrichfamiliesdon’tneedacollegedegree.

10.Whatishappeningtothelow-endcareers

A.Theyaredevelopingveryrapidly.

B.TheyareallbeingengagedbyAI.

C.Theyarealldependingonadegree.

D.TheyaredisappearingbecauseofAI.

11.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext

A.Whydoyouneedacollegedegree

B.Wherecanyouenjoyfreeeducation

C.WhatisamustintheSTEM-centricage

D.HowmuchdopeoplewithadegreeearninUS

【答案】8.D9.B10.D11.A

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了你为什么需要大学学位的理由。

【8题详解】

推理判断题。由第一段中的“Whetheryourkidcancountonasizableinheritance(遗产)oryourfamilyislivingpayperiodtopayperiod,acollegedegreeisamust.(无论你的孩子能指望一笔可观的遗产，还是你的家庭正处于一个又一个的支付期，大学学位都是必须的)”，“AGeorgetownUniversitystudyfoundthat,onaverage,collegegraduatesmakeamilliondollarsmoreoveralifetimethanpeoplewhostopathighschool.(乔治城大学的一项研究发现，大学毕业生一生的平均收入比高中毕业的人多100万美元)”和文章讲述了你为什么需要大学学位的理由可知，写第一段是为了提出论点：大学学位都是必须的。故选D项。

【9题详解】

推理判断题。由最后一段“ThetruthisthatinthisSTEM(science,technology,engineeringandmath)-centricage,anyformofhome-schoolingorsocialeducationcan’treplacetheformalschooleducation.Especiallyinanagewhenmanylow-endcareersarebeingreplacedbyartificialintelligence(AI),acollegedegreecangiveyourkidanedge.(事实是，在这个以STEM（科学、技术、工程和数学）为中心的时代，任何形式的家庭教育或社会教育都无法取代正规的学校教育。尤其是在许多低端职业被人工智能（AI）取代的时代，大学学位可以给你的孩子带来优势)”可得出，在以STEM为中心的时代，大学学位是必不可少的。故选B项。

【10题详解】

细节理解题。由最后一段中的“Especiallyinanagewhenmanylow-endcareersarebeingreplacedbyartificialintelligence(AI),acollegedegreecangiveyourkidanedge.(尤其是在许多低端职业被人工智能（AI）取代的时代，大学学位可以给你的孩子带来优势)”可知，由于人工智能，低端职业正在消失。故选D项。

【11题详解】

主旨大意题。由第一段中的“Whetheryourkidcancountonasizableinheritance(遗产)oryourfamilyislivingpayperiodtopayperiod,acollegedegreeisamust.(无论你的孩子能指望一笔可观的遗产，还是你的家庭正处于一个又一个的支付期，大学学位都是必须的)”和文章讲述了你为什么需要大学学位的理由可知，A项“你为什么需要大学学位？”适合做标题。故选A项。

D

Asteroids(小行星)arebelievedtohaveformedearlyinoursolarsystem’shistory—about4.5billionyearsago—whenacloudofgasanddustcalledthesolarnebula(太阳星云)collapsedandformedoursunandtheplanets.ByvisitingthesenearEarthobjectstostudythematerialthatcamefromthesolarnebula,wecanlookforanswerstosomeofhumankind’smostarrestingquestions,suchas:HowdidthesolarsystemformandwheredidtheEarth’swaterandotherorganicmaterialssuchascarboncomefromInadditiontounlockingcluesaboutoursolarsystem,asteroidsmayprovidecluesaboutourEarth.Byunderstandingmoreaboutasteroids,wemaylearnmoreaboutpastEarthimpactsandpossiblyfindwaystoreducethethreatoffutureimpacts.

Ifwedon’twanttogothewayofthedinosaurssomeday,weneedtoprotectourselvesagainstthethreatofbeinghitbyabigasteroid.AccordingtoNASA,typicallyaboutonceevery10,000years,arockyorironasteroidthesizeofafootballfieldcouldcrashintoourplanetandpossiblycausetidalwavesbigenoughtofloodcoastalareas.

Butwhatwereallyhavetofearisasteroidsabout328feetacrossorbigger.Suchanimpactwouldcauseafirestormandfilltheatmospherewithsun-blockingdust,whichwouldwipeoutforestsandfarmfieldsandstarvethehumanandanimallifethatitdidn’timmediatelykill.

That’swhyit’svitaltodevelopawaytoneutralizesuchathreattoEarth.NASA’sDoubleAsteroidRedirectionTest,launchedinlateNovember2023,wasthefirstmissiontodemonstrateatechnologycalledasteroidredirectionbymanmadeimpactor.AroboticspacecraftwillbecrashedintoanasteroidnamedDidymos,inanefforttoshowthatit’spossibletoslightlychangethepathofanasteroid.ThatwouldenableNASAtoredirectpotentialthreatstomissEarth.

12.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout

A.Howsolarsystemcameintobeing.

B.Howlongasteroidshaveexisted.

C.Whyasteroidsaretobeexplored.

D.WhenasteroidswillimpactEarth.

13.Whydoestheauthormentiondinosaursinparagraph2

A.Tomakethetextmoreinteresting.

B.Tointroducethetopicofthetext.

C.Tograbreaders’attentiontoasteroids.

D.Toshowthedisasterfromanasteroidimpact.

14Whichcanbestreplace“neutralize”underlinedinparagraph4

A.strengthenB.avoidC.beautifyD.realize

15.Whatcanweknowaboutasteroids

A.Dinosaursmayliveonsomeofthem.

B.TheywereformedearlierthanEarth.

C.ExploringthemhelpsusknowEarth.

D.NASA’sDoubleAsteroidRedirectionTestfailed.

【答案】12.C13.D14.B15.C

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了了解小行星的好处，但也需谨防其对地球的危险，介绍了米国国家航空航天局的人造撞击器小行星重定向技术及其演示。

【12题详解】

主旨大意题。由第一段中的“ByvisitingthesenearEarthobjectstostudythematerialthatcamefromthesolarnebula,wecanlookforanswerstosomeofhumankind’smostarrestingquestions,suchas:HowdidthesolarsystemformandwheredidtheEarth’swaterandotherorganicmaterialssuchascarboncomefromInadditiontounlockingcluesaboutoursolarsystem,asteroidsmayprovidecluesaboutourEarth.Byunderstandingmoreaboutasteroids,wemaylearnmoreaboutpastEarthimpactsandpossiblyfindwaystoreducethethreatoffutureimpacts.(通过访问这些近地天体来研究来自太阳星云的物质，我们可以寻找一些人类最引人注目的问题的答案，例如：太阳系是如何形成的，地球的水和碳等其他有机物质来自哪里？除了解开关于我们太阳系的线索外，小行星还可能提供关于我们地球的线索。通过更多地了解小行星，我们可能会更多地了解过去对地球的撞击，并可能找到减少未来撞击威胁的方法)”可知，第一段主要讲了为什么要探索小行星。故选C项。

【13题详解】

推理判断题。由第二段“Ifwedon’twanttogothewayofthedinosaurssomeday,weneedtoprotectourselvesagainstthethreatofbeinghitbyabigasteroid.AccordingtoNASA,typicallyaboutonceevery10,000years,arockyorironasteroidthesizeofafootballfieldcouldcrashintoourplanetandpossiblycausetidalwavesbigenoughtofloodcoastalareas.(如果有一天我们不想走恐龙的路，我们需要保护自己免受被大小行星撞击的威胁。据米国国家航空航天局称，通常每10000年就会有一颗足球场大小的岩石或铁小行星撞击我们的星球，并可能引发足以淹没沿海地区的潮汐)”可知，通常每10000年就会有一颗足球场大小的岩石或铁块大小的小行星撞击我们的星球，并可能引发灾难，恐龙已灭绝，在第二段中提到恐龙是为了展示小行星撞击造成的灾难。故选D项。

【14题详解】

词句猜测题。由第四段中的“That’swhyit’svitaltodevelopawaytoneutralizesuchathreattoEarth.NASA’sDoubleAsteroidRedirectionTest,launchedinlateNovember2023,wasthefirstmissiontodemonstrateatechnologycalledasteroidredirectionbymanmadeimpactor.(这就是为什么开发一种方法来neutralize对地球的这种威胁至关重要。米国国家航空航天局的双小行星重定向于2023年11月下旬启动，是首次演示人造撞击器小行星重定向技术的任务)”和“ThatwouldenableNASAtoredirectpotentialthreatstomissEarth.(这将使米国国家航空航天局能够将潜在的威胁重新定向为错过地球)”可知，人造撞击器小行星重定向技术能使小行星错过地球，可得出这是一种消除对地球威胁的方法，划线词意为“避开（avoid）”。故选B项。

【15题详解】

细节理解题。由第一段中的“Inadditiontounlockingcluesaboutoursolarsystem,asteroidsmayprovidecluesaboutourEarth.Byunderstandingmoreaboutasteroids,wemaylearnmoreaboutpastEarthimpactsandpossiblyfindwaystoreducethethreatoffutureimpacts.(除了解开关于我们太阳系的线索外，小行星还可能提供关于我们地球的线索。通过更多地了解小行星，我们可能会更多地了解过去对地球的撞击，并可能找到减少未来撞击威胁的方法)”可知，探索小行星有助于我们了解地球。故选C项。

第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

AreyouafraidofspeakingupfirstDoyouhesitatetogofirstinfortesting,foranintervieworforaspeech____16____However,thisisoftennotthebeststrategytofindsuccess.

WhatistheproblemofnotgoingfirstTheremightbeafew.____17____Someoneelsewillsetthetrendforwhatgoesnextandyouwillhavetofollow.Ifyougofirst,youbecomethetrend-setterandyouhavemoreofanimpactonhowthingsaregoingtodevelopnext.

____18____Someoneelseexactlytakesthechanceandtheymightcomeoffasbeingbraverormorewillingtotakerisks.Worsestill,itcansometimesmakeadifferenceinhowyouareperceived,especiallyifthereissomesortofcompetition.

Youmightalsoloseoutonpersonswhoareimportanttoyou.Ifyoudarenottalktoapersonfirst,maybeheorshewillnottalktoyouandyouwillmissoutonapotentialfriendorpartner.____19____Butifyoutakethefirststep,thoughyoumightnotalwayssucceed,youwillknowthatyouhavetriedhardtotakethechance.

Hence,giveyourselfpermissiontobefirst.Introduceyourselffirstandseehowmucheasieritmakesyourrelationships.Goonstagefirst.Answerthequestionfirst.____20____

A.Despitethefacts,it’snoteasytogofirst.

B.Itleavesyouafollowerratherthanaleader.

C.Thereisnothingwrongwithgoingfirstinyourdailylife.

DManypeopleprefertowaitandletanotherpersongofirst.

E.Youwillmissoutontheopportunitytomakethefirstimpression.

F.Ifyouarehesitating,yourcompetitoristakingactionaheadofyou.

G.Bevolunteertodothingsfirstandotherswilllookuptoyouforbeingbrave.

【答案】16.D17.B18.E19.F20.G

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了不敢第一个做事导致的问题以及建议勇敢做第一个尝试的人。

【16题详解】

根据上文“AreyouafraidofspeakingupfirstDoyouhesitatetogofirstinfortesting,foranintervieworforaspeech(你害怕先说出来吗？你是否会犹豫要不要先去参加考试、面试或演讲？)”以及后文“However,thisisoftennotthebeststrategytofindsuccess.(然而，这通常不是获得成功的最佳策略)”可知，本句主要是在回答上文的问题，说明一个大多数人都会采取的策略。故D选项“许多人宁愿等待，让另一个人先去”符合语境，故选D。

【17题详解】

根据上文“WhatistheproblemofnotgoingfirstTheremightbeafew.(不先去有什么问题？可能会有一些)”以及后文“Someoneelsewillsetthetrendforwhatgoesnextandyouwillhavetofollow.Ifyougofirst,youbecomethetrend-setterandyouhavemoreofanimpactonhowthingsaregoingtodevelopnext.(其他人会为接下来的事情设定趋势，而你将不得不跟随。如果你走在前面，你就会成为潮流的引领者，你就会对接下来的发展产生更大的影响)”可知，后文提到了“如果你走在前面，你就会成为潮流的引领者”，说明不第一个去会导致无法成为领导者，而是追随他人。故B选项“这会让你成为一个跟随者而不是领导者”符合语境，故选B。

【18题详解】

根据后文“Someoneelseexactlytakesthechanceandtheymightcomeoffasbeingbraverormorewillingtotakerisks.Worsestill,itcansometimesmakeadifferenceinhowyouareperceived,especiallyifthereissomesortofcompetition.(有些人会抓住机会，他们可能会表现得更勇敢或更愿意冒险。更糟糕的是，它有时会改变你在别人心目中的形象，尤其是在存在某种竞争的情况下)”可知，后文提到了“改变你在别人心目中的形象”，即给人的留下的印象，故E选项“你会错过给人留下第一印象的机会”符合语境，故选E。

【19题详解】

根据上文“Youmightalsoloseoutonpersonswhoareimportanttoyou.Ifyoudarenottalktoapersonfirst,maybeheorshewillnottalktoyouandyouwillmissoutonapotentialfriendorpartner.(你也可能失去对你很重要的人。如果你不敢先和一个人说话，也许他或她不会和你说话，你就会错过一个潜在的朋友或伴侣)”以及后文“Butifyoutakethefirststep,thoughyoumightnotalwayssucceed,youwillknowthatyouhavetriedhardtotakethechance.(但是，如果你迈出了第一步，尽管你可能并不总是成功，但你会知道你已经努力尝试过了)”可知，后文与本句构成转折关系，指出犹豫的坏处：你的竞争对手已经在你前面采取行动了。故F选项“如果你在犹豫，你的竞争对手已经在你前面采取行动了”符合语境，故选F。

【20题详解】

根据上文“Hence,giveyourselfpermissiontobefirst.Introduceyourselffirstandseehowmucheasieritmakesyourrelationships.Goonstagefirst.Answerthequestionfirst.(因此，允许自己成为第一个。首先介绍你自己，看看这会让你们的关系变得容易多少。先上台吧。先回答问题)”可知，上文提到“先上台吧。先回答问题”，说明在鼓励主动去成为第一个做这件事的人，故G选项“主动做第一件事，别人会因为你的勇敢而尊敬你”符合语境，故选G。

第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)

第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Itisn’teverydaythatthefutureandthepastgettomeetonnationaltelevision.

Whenhiswifeof72yearspassedawaysixyearsago,PeterDavies____21____hefeltlike“almostsoul”.The100-year-oldmanfromMacclesfield,England____22____tofindnewpurposeinhislife,sowhenhisdaughtersuggestedheofferhishelpatthelocalelementaryschool,he____23____togoforit.

“Iwasmarriedfor72years,andwhenmywifedied,lifechanged____24____,”Peterexplained.“Mydaughtersuggestedthat,togetsome____25____backintomylife,IdosomethingI’m____26____ofdoing.”

Peterchoseto____27____ataprimaryschool,andhewasahuge____28____withallofthechildrenhetutored.He____29____readingintoafungame.Besides,hisnew_____30_____asagrandfatherlyfiguremadehimfeelmoreconnectedtohiscommunitythaneverbefore.

“The_____31_____aregreat,”saidPeter.“I’msureIgetmorethanthekidsdo.ItisalovelywarmfeelingthatI_____32_____thecommunity.I’mpartofit.Moreover,myimageis_____33_____.WhereverIgointhevillage,achildwillshout‘HelloMr.Davies.Ifeel10feettall.”

Recentlyhewas_____34_____withaBritishEmpireMedal(BEM)ontelevisionwiththeyoungestrecipient,18-year-oldDaraMcAnulty.“Heisthefuture,andIamthepast,”Petersaid.“It’sjustsimpleasthat,itreallyis.I’m_____35_____forhim.”

21.A.admittedB.suspectedC.provedD.argued

22.A.refusedB.struggledC.regrettedD.pretended

23.A.failedB.determinedC.requestedD.forgot

24.A.dramaticallyB.temporarilyC.casuallyD.secretly

25.A.informationB.creationC.affectionD.meaning

26.A.afraidB.tiredC.capableD.ashamed

27.A.studyB.performC.investigateD.volunteer

28.A.starB.scholarC.hitD.model

29.A.expandedB.transformedC.recoveredD.compared

30.A.responsibilityB.challengeC.statusD.mission

31.A.assistantsB.instructorsC.applicantsD.kids

32.A.belongtoB.objecttoC.adapttoD.reachto

33.A.apparentB.tremendousC.flexibleD.particular

34.A.remarkedB.accompaniedC.honouredD.impressed

35.A.concernedB.respectfulC.embarrassedD.delighted

【答案】21.A22.B23.B24.A25.D26.C27.D28.C29.B30.C31.D32.A33.B34.C35.D

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲的是二战老兵彼得戴维斯在妻子去世之后，在女儿的建议下去当地小学当志愿者，与孩子们的接触让他重新找到了生活的意义，也因此成为名人。

【21题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：当结婚72年的妻子6年前去世时，彼得戴维斯承认他觉得自己几乎成了魂灵。A.admitted承认；接纳；B.suspected怀疑；猜想；C.proved证明；证实；D.argued争论；辩论。根据空前“Whenhiswifeof72yearspassedawaysixyearsago,”以及空后“hefeltlike“almostsoul”.”可以推断妻子去世后彼得戴维斯感觉自己就像魂灵一样，此处指他在坦白自己内心的感受。故选A项。

【22题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位来自英格兰麦克尔斯菲尔德的100岁老人一直在努力寻找新的人生目标，所以当他的女儿建议他去当地的小学帮忙时，他决定去做。A.refused拒绝；B.struggled挣扎；斗争；C.regretted遗憾；后悔；D.pretended假装。根据前文“PeterDavies____1____hefeltlike“almostsoul”.”以及空后“tofindnewpurposeinhislife”以及后文““Mydaughtersuggestedthat,togetsome____5____backintomylife,IdosomethingI’m____6____ofdoing.””可知妻子的去世让彼得戴维斯内心非常难过，所以女儿建议他去努力寻找生活的目标及意义所在。故选B项。

【23题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位来自英格兰麦克尔斯菲尔德的100岁老人一直在努力寻找新的人生目标，所以当他的女儿建议他去当地的小学帮忙时，他决定去做。A.failed失败；B.determined决定；C.requested要求；D.forgot遗忘。根据空后