介词20年高考英语语法突破真题精讲+课件

高考语法突破第4讲介词高考语法突破第4讲介词1？？？inoverbesidewith

？？？？？？？1.什么介词？2.介词的分类2.介词的分类？besides

Preposition前置词虚词150+本质：后接名词或代词，表示对象之间的关系最活跃的词类之一，使用频率相当高。难度最高：一词多用(with)一个相近的意思可以用不同的介词表示(in/overthepastfewyears.)

固定搭配（动词搭配makeupafterthefight）和好atthecinema,inthehospitalwritewithapen,gobybusinsummer,onSeptemberlaughforjoy,beangryathiswordsbytheway,atlast,intheend方位介词方式介词时间介词原因介词固定搭配？？？inoverbesidewith？？？？？？？1.地点介词在下列情况下，between可用于三者：两个以上的人或物用and连接：betweenA，BandC

涉及人或事之间的区别以及人或事之间的关系时thedifferencebetweenthethreeofthem他们三者之间的区别地点介词在下列情况下，between可用于三者：towards/totowards/to4over、above均可表示在数量上“多于”。over

=morethan；强调“控制、掌握、权威、优越”above表示与“最低限度”或“标准”有关的事情；也可表示“级别、地位、重要性等高于……”

年过半百overfifty零上12°twodegreesabovezero

Healwaysputshisstudentsaboveeverything.Hehadlittlecontrolovereverything.She’sbeenherefor

twohours.Agreatpersonisalwaysputtingothers’interest

hisown.Heis

averageintelligence.overaboveaboveover、above均可表示在数量上“多于”。over5between

VS

among1.Somestudentsoftenlistentomusic

classestorefreshthemselves.2.FourChinesemodelswere

the14peopleawardedprizesonFridayattheWorldSupermodelCompetition.3.Therelations

variouscountriesarecomplicated.amongamongbetweenbetweenVSamong1.Some6across

VSthroughThesunlightcamein

thewindowsintheroofandlitupthewholeroom.Itisdifficulttowalk

thedesertwithin3days.Waterwillbepumped

apipe.throughacrossthroughacrossVSthroughThe7atVSinHearrived

Tianjingyesterday.Theyarrived

asmallvillagebeforedark.Theyarrived

Beijngat12:00andwaitedforabus

thestation.inatinat+小地方（村庄、小城镇）atthevillage，athome，atthecornerofthestreetin+大地方（国家、城市）或某个范围之内inShanghai，inthecountry，inAsia，intheworldatatVSinHearrived8on

in

toinonto境内境外接壤境外分离onin9GuangdongNorthKoreanJapantheeastofChina.isinontoShanghailies

theeastofChinaand

thenortheastofGuangdong.Hubeiis

thenorthofHunan.Fujianis

eastofChina.Chinalies

theeastofAsiaand

thenorthofAustralia.intooninintoGuangdongtheeastofChina.isi10onVSinonthetree(树上自身具有的花、果、叶等)inthetree（外加在树上的事物）onthewall(墙表面的事物)inthewall（镶嵌在墙内部的事物）onVSinonthetr11时间介词时间介词12at用在时刻前,亦与正午、午夜连,

黎明、终止和开端,at与之紧相伴。周、月、季、年、长时间,in须放在其前面,

泛指一晌和傍晚,也要放在in后面。on指特定某一天,日期、星期、节日前,

某天上、下午和夜晚,依然要在on后面。今明昨天前后天,上下这那每之前,

at,in,on都不填,此乃习惯记心间。注:"上下这那每之前"是指last/next/this/that/every之前。at用在时刻前,亦与正午、午夜连,

黎明、终止和开端,at与13[2018湖北咸宁高三重点高中联考,70]OneofChina’stwo"GoldenWeeks",thisyear’sNationalDayholidayhasbeenextendedbyonedayastheMid-AutumnFestivalfalls

Oct.4.on[2018湖北咸宁高三重点高中联考,70]OneofCh14表将来in+时间段

after+时间点after+时间段可用于过去时after

VSin

VS

later在……之后时间+later表将来in+时间段after+时间段可用于过去时15Hewillbeback___twohours.Hewillbebacktwohours_____.Hewillbeback_____twoo’clock.Hecameback_____twohours.Heisinahurrybecausethetraintotheairportleaves

halfanhour.inafter

laterafterinHewillbeback___twohours.i16by

VSbefore

VS

agoVS

till/until在……之前byVSbeforeVS17Hecalledthetwoyoungmentohim

dawn,whenothersweresoundasleep.Ididn’tgotobed

12o’clock.Pleasecome

teno’clock.Wehadlearnedover1,000words

theendoflastterm.Wewillhavelearned2,000Englishwords

theendofthisterm.beforeuntilbeforebybyHecalledthetwoyoungmento18fromVSsince从……开始（以来）YoucancomeanytimefromMondaytoFriday.周一至周五你什么时间来都行。②Wehaveknowneachothersincetenyearsago.我们十年前就认识了。fromVSsince从……开始（以来19forVSduringVSover在……期间for表示"长达……(时间)",后接时间段during表示“在……期间”over表示“在……期间”，后接sth.，例：overacupofteaShehasbeenwritingforseveralhours.IstayedinFrancefortwoweeksduringthesummer.Theyhaveapleasantchatoverdinner.forVSduringV20方式介词by指"靠……手段,用……方法",后接名词、代词或动名词。表示交通方式："by+交通工具"表示交通方式。with"使用(某种工具、物品或材料)"。后接的可数名词前必须用冠词或物主代词。in表示使用某种语言或使用某种材料、颜色等，所接名词前不加冠词on通过,使用,借助于。Hemakesalivingbysellingnewspapers.他靠卖报纸谋生。Wepicktheteabyhand.byship=byseabyplane=byairby

hand=withherhandPleasewriteitinink，notinpencil.请用钢笔写而不是用铅笔写。=Pleasewriteitwithanink，notwithapencil.Theytalkedonthetelephone.他们通过电话进行交谈。ShelearnsEnglishontheradio/onTV.她通过收音机/电视学英语。方式介词by指"靠……手段,用……方法",后接名词、代词或21by/in/with/on用法归纳write____apen/cut____aknifesee____oureyes____English/____yourownwords____alowvoice____thisway____bike/bus/train/road/air/sea/land____thismeans____theradio/thephone/TV____thebike/bus/train/ship

withwith

inininbybyononwithinwith+工具/人体部位in+语言/声音/方法wayby+交通工具/方法meanson+媒介/the+交通工具by/in/with/on用法归纳withwithi22原因介词for常与表示闻名、奖罚、害怕等意义的形容词或动词连用,如famous,known,praise,punish等at常与表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”等的形容词或过去分词(如happy,pleased,angry,delighted等)连用,表示产生这种情感的原因。with强调随着心理或外界条件变化而产生的变化from/of常与die连用,用of时通常指死于疾病、饥饿、衰老等,而用from则常指由于外部原因而死,如交通事故、地震等Xi’anisfamousforitslonghistory.西安因历史悠久而著名。Hewassurprisedatthenews.听到这个消息他大吃一惊。Heshoutedloudlywithanger.他气得大喊大叫。Withthedevelopmentoftechnology,ourlifebecomemoreandmoreeasy.随着科技的不断发展，我们的生活变得越来越轻松。Hediedfromthetrafficaccident.他死于车祸。Hediedofcancer.他死于癌症。原因介词for常与表示闻名、奖罚、害怕等意义的形容词或动词连23表示"关于"的介词:of,about,onof表示"关于"人或事物的存在Hespokeofthefilmtheotherday.about表示"关于"某人或某事物的较详细的情况Ihappenedtoknowabouthim.on表示"关于"学术性的或严肃的、供专门研究用的It'satextbookonthehistoryofChina.Nick,thereisalecture

Thaiculturethisafternoon.Wouldyouliketocomewithme?on表示"关于"的介词:of,about,onof表示"关于24(福建高考)Apartfromgoodservice，therestaurantoffersdifferentkindsoftraditionalFujiandishes.除了优质的服务外，这个饭店还提供各种各样的传统福建菜。(福建高考)Apartfromgoodservice，25Weneedfifteenmorepeople________ourteamtodothejob._________adeskortwo,theclassroomwasempty.Sheseldomtalkedofanything______painting.______hiswife,hisdaughteralsowentswimming.Weallattendedthemeeting______XiaoLi.Thereisnoonehere______MaryandTom.Who_____afoolwoulddosuchathing?Iwanttoseeamovie

goswimming.besidesExceptforbutBesidesexceptbutbut易错警示besides

also，another，more，other，else，tooexcept

句末exceptfor句首或句末but常用于nobody，none/who，noone，nothing，anything，everyone，all之后。接不定式时，如果前有实义动词do，则不定式中的to省略。butbesidesExceptforbutBesidesexc26介词20年高考英语语法突破真题精讲+课件27介词20年高考英语语法突破真题精讲+课件28常考介词短语1.介词与名词的常用搭配(1)at+n.表示状态ataloss不知所措atbreakfast早餐时atpeace处于和平中atrest静止,不动atsea在海上atwar在战争中atwork在工作(2)at+n.表示时间atChristmas在圣诞节atdusk在黄昏atdawn在黎明atdaybreak在拂晓atmidnight在午夜atnight在夜里常考介词短语29atnoon在正午atpresent目前atsunrise日出时(3)以at开头的短语atthesametime同时atthebeginningof在……的开始atthecostof以……为代价attheendof在……的尽头atthefootof在……脚下atthemercyof在……支配下;任由……摆布atthepriceof以……的价格attheriskof冒……的危险atnoon在正午atpresent目前30atthesightof一看到……就……(4)on+n.表示状态onatrip/journey/tour在旅行ondisplay陈列onduty/guard在值班/警戒中onexhibition在展出onfire着火

onholiday/vacation在度假online在工作(或运行)onsale出售,打折onshow在展出onthedecrease在减少onthego在忙碌中ontheincrease在增加onthemarch在行进中ontheway在途中ontrial在受审(5)以on开头的介词短语atthesightof一看到……就……31onaccountof因为onbehalfof代表onconditionthat在……的条件下,如果onnoaccount/condition/occasion决不onthebasisof以……为基础ontheoccasionof在……时(6)by+n.表示方式byaccident偶然byair/plane乘飞机bychance偶然bycoincidence碰巧byforce用暴力byhand用手工bymistake错误地bytheday按天算bynature天生地byradio通过无线电onaccountof因为onbehalfo32byweight/volume/size/number按重量/体积/大小/数量(7)in+n.表示方式incash用现金付款inwidth在宽度上indepth在深度上indetail详细地inEnglish用英语inheight在海拔上inlength在长度上inink用墨水inshape在外形上insize在大小上(8)in+n.表示状态inanger生气地inbattle在战斗中inbed在床上incomfort舒适地indanger处于危险中indebt负债byweight/volume/size/number按重33indelight高兴地indespair绝望地indifficulty处于困难中indoubt不确定,拿不准infear在恐惧中inhighspirits情绪高昂地inneed在困境中inorder就绪inpeace平静地,平安地inpractice在实践中inprint已出版inprison在狱中inpublic公开地inrags穿着破烂inruins成为废墟insecret秘密地insilence沉默着inspace在太空中insurprise惊奇地introuble在困难中inuse在使用中inview看得见indelight高兴地indespair绝望地34inwonder惊奇地(9)以in开头的介词短语inthefaceof面对inadditionto除……以外(还)incaseof万一;如果;假如incelebrationof为庆祝……inchargeof掌管……inconsequenceof由于……incontrastto与……相比incontrolof管理;控制;操纵inexchangefor作为对……的交换infavorof支持,赞成infearof害怕inwonder惊奇地35infrontof在……前面(外部的)inhonourof为向……表示敬意inmemoryof为了纪念……inneedof需要innotime立刻inplaceof代替inpossessionof拥有,占有inpraiseof表扬inpreparationfor为……做准备inrespectof关于inresponseto作为对……的回应inreturn作为回报inspiteof尽管insupportof为支持……inthechargeof在……的管理下inthedirectionof在……方向infrontof在……前面(外部的)36inthefrontof在……前面(内部的)inthehabitof有……习惯inthehopeof抱着……的希望inthemiddleof在……中间(10)of+n.表示特征(等于相应的形容词)ofbenefit有益处的ofhelp有帮助的ofimportance重要的ofinterest有趣的ofsignificance有意义的ofuse有用的ofvalue有价值的(11)outof+n.表示状态outofbalance失去平衡outofbreath上气不接下气inthefrontof在……前面(内部的)37outofbusiness停业,歇业outofcontrol不受控制outofdanger脱离危险outofdate过期outofdebt不欠债outoffashion不流行outofluck不走运outofmind发狂outofoffice在野outoforder出故障outofpatience不耐烦outofseason过季outofshape走样,不成形outofsight看不到outofthequestion不可能outofquestion毫无疑问outoftrouble摆脱困难outofwork失业(12)under+n.表示被动underattack遭到袭击outofbusiness停业,歇业outofc38underconsideration在考虑中underconstruction在建造中undercontrol处于控制之中underdiscussion在讨论中underpressure在压力下underrepair在修理中undertreatment在治疗中underway在进行中(13)以under开头的短语underthecareof...接受……的治疗underthedirectionof...在……的指导下underconsideration在考虑中39undertheinfluenceof...在……的影响下undertheprotectionof...在……的庇护下(14)with+n.表示方式withanger生气地withconfidence有信心地withcourage英勇地withdelight/joy高兴地withdifficulty困难地withease轻而易举地withfear害怕地withinterest有兴趣地withpleasure乐意地withpride骄傲地withsatisfaction满意地withsuccess成功地withkindness亲切地(15)beyond+n.表示“超出……,难以……”undertheinfluenceof...在……的影40beyondcompare无与伦比beyondcomprehension难以理解beyondcontrol失控beyonddescription难以描述beyonddoubt不用怀疑,确实beyondexpression难以表达beyondmeasure非常;极其beyondquestion无可争辩;毋庸置疑beyondreach够不到beyondwords难以表达beyondoneswildestdreamsbeyondcompare无与伦比41做梦都没想到,远远出乎所料2.形容词与介词的常用搭配(1)adj.+aboutbeanxiousabout忧虑……becarefulabout小心……beconcernedabout担心……becuriousabout对……好奇beexcitedabout对……感到兴奋beparticularabout对……讲究/挑剔beseriousabout对……认真besorryabout对……感到抱歉做梦都没想到,远远出乎所料42besureabout对……有把握beupsetabout对……感到失望beworriedabout对……担心(2)adj.+atbeangryat对……感到恼怒beastonishedat对……吃惊bebadat不擅长bedelightedat因……而高兴bedisappointedat对……失望begoodat擅长beskilledat在……方面很熟练besureabout对……有把握43besurprisedat对……吃惊(3)adj.+inbeabsorbedin专注于beconfidentin对……有信心bediligentin勤于beengagedin忙于……beexcellentin在……方面优秀beexperiencedin在……方面有经验beexpertin擅长beinterestedin对……感兴趣beinvolvedin包括在……中,被卷入besurprisedat对……吃惊44belackingin缺乏beoccupiedin忙于……berichin富有……beslowin迟迟不……besuccessfulin在……成功beweakin不擅长(4)adj.+forbeanxiousfor急切盼望,渴望beeagerfor渴望befamousfor以……著名befitfor适合,胜任belackingin缺乏45begoodfor对……有益behungryfor渴望belatefor迟到bepreparedfor为……做好准备bereadyfor准备好……besorryfor对……感到抱歉bethankfulfor因……而感激beunfitfor不适合,不胜任(5)adj.+frombeabsentfrom缺席bedifferentfrom不同于begoodfor对……有益46befarfrom远离befreefrom不受……影响besafefrom免受……的伤害(6)adj.+tobeblindto对……视而不见becloseto接近becontraryto与……相反bedeafto对……充耳不闻bedevotedto致力于……beequalto等于……befairto对……公平befarfrom远离47befamiliarto对……来说熟悉befriendlyto对……友好begoodto对……好begratefulto对……心存感激beharmfulto对……有危害beimportantto对……重要bekindto对……友好beknown