病理生理学-Brain-Dysfunction-课件

BrainDysfunction1ppt课件Introduction2ppt课件StructuralCharacteristicsItislocatedinsidetheskull,protectsbrainfrominjury,confinesthebrainItiscomposedofneuronsandglialcellsThebloodsupplyisfromtwinvertebralarteriesandcarotisinternaThebrainbloodbarrierprotectsbrainfrominvasionoftoxicinsults3ppt课件ViewtheBrain4ppt课件CellularcompositionNeuronGlia5ppt课件StructureofNeuron6ppt课件CellularFunctionsNeuronisinchargeofdifferentfunctionsGlianourishesandprotectstheneurons7ppt课件CharacteristicsofMetabolism

ThemostactiveorganinenergymetabolismGlucoseisalmosttheonlysourceofbrainenergyThestorageofglucoseinthebrainisverylimited8ppt课件CharacteristicsofBrainDiseases

Region-dependentconsequencestoinjuriesLimitedcapacityforselfrepairAcutebraindamageswillcausedisturbanceinconsciousnesswhereaschroniclesionsusuallyleadtocognitivedysfunction9ppt课件CognitiveDisorders10ppt课件Cognition

Theabilityofthebraintoprocessandstoreinformationinordertosolveproblems.

Itinvolvesaseriesofvoluntarypsychologicalandsocialbehaviors,suchasstudy,memory,language,thinking,emotionetc.11ppt课件StructuralBasisofCognitionLateral(A)andmedialsurface(B)ofbrain12ppt课件CognitiveDisorder

Thedisturbanceofthementalprocessrelatedtolearningandmemory,reasoningandjudgment,accompaniedbyaphasia,apraxia,agonasiaordisturbanceinexecutivefunctioning13ppt课件

MajorManifestations

LearningandmemorydisordersAphasiaAgonosia

Apraxia

Dementia

14ppt课件Learningandmemorydeficits15ppt课件EtiologyandPathogenesis

ChronicbraindamageChronicsystemicdiseasesMentalandpsychicdisordersOtherfactors16ppt课件ChronicBrainDamageImbalanceofregulatingmoleculesinthebrainProteinaggregationinthebrainChroniccerebralischemicinjuryEnvironmentalandmetabolictoxinsCerebraltraumaBrainaging17ppt课件ImbalanceofRegulatingMoleculesDopamineNorepinephrine

Acetylcholine(Ach)GlutamateAberrantneuropeptideLackofneurotrophicfactors18ppt课件DopaminePathwayDopamine19ppt课件20ppt课件Dopamine21ppt课件ParkinsonDisease

(Cerebraltrauma?)22ppt课件Norepinephrine23ppt课件Glutamate24ppt课件ProteinAggregationinTheBrainGenemutationsAbnormalpost-translationalmodificationInfectionofslowvirusinthebrain25ppt课件Lewybodies(accumulationofsynuclein

inPD)Stainedbyhaematoxylin/eosin,andbysynuclein,ComposedofadensegranularcoreandahaloofradiatingfilamentsbyEM26ppt课件AlzheimerDisease27ppt课件Alzheimer’sDiseaseGradualmemorylossDeclineintheabilitytoperformroutinetasksDisorientationDifficultyinlearningLossoflanguageskillsImpairmentofjudgmentandplanningPersonalitychanges28ppt课件AccumulationoftauandA

inADSenileplaques:ANeurofibrillarytangles:P-tau

29ppt课件PHFandNFTbyEM30ppt课件NormaltauADp-tauSerThrppppppppADPATPppProteinkinases

?Proteinphosphatases

ImbalancedphosphorylationsystemleadstotauhyperphosphorylationSerThrPi31ppt课件

a

b

d

cMorriswatermazetestfromControlandmodelrats32ppt课件Madcowdisease(accumulationofprion)33ppt课件34ppt课件ChronicCerebralIschemicInjury

EnergyexhaustionandacidosisIntracellularcalciumoverloadFreeradicalinjuryExcitatorytoxicityInflammatoryreactionbycytokine35ppt课件Glutamate36ppt课件ChronicBrainDamageImbalanceofregulatingmoleculesinthebrainProteinaggregationinthebrainChroniccerebralischemicinjuryEnvironmentalandmetabolictoxinsCerebraltraumaBrainaging37ppt课件PathogenesisofCognitionDisorder38ppt课件PrinciplesforTreatmentofCognitiveDisorders

GeneralneuroprotectivetreatmentsMaintenanceofnormalneurotransmitterlevelSurgery39ppt课件ConsciousnessDisorder

40ppt课件Consciousness

isdenotedinbriefasthesenseofawarenessofselfandtheenvironment.Itconsistsoftwoaspects:stateofarousalandcontentofconsciousness.

41ppt课件Consciousnessdisorder

isdefinedasparenchymalmentaldisordersinwhichthereisimpairmentoftheabilitytomaintainawarenessofselfandenvironmentandtorespondtoenvironmentalstimuli.42ppt课件StructuralBasisforConsciousnessDysfunctionofbrainstemreticularformationDysfunctionofthalamusDysfunctionofcerebralcortex43ppt课件StructuralBasisforConsciousness44ppt课件MajorManifestationsDeliriumConfusionDrowsinessComa45ppt课件EtiologyandPathogenesisAcutebraininjury

eg.diffuseencephalicinfection,diffusebraintrauma,subarachnoidhemorrhage,etc.

Acutebrainintoxication

46ppt课件AcuteBrainIntoxicationEndogenoustoxinsinjury

AlterationinneurotransmitterAberrantenergymetabolismNervecellmembraneinjury

ExogenoustoxinsinjuryIntracranialextrusionanddestructivelesion47ppt课件GABAreleasedbyonecelleitherbindstoanothercellorbereabsorbedEnoughGABAbindingtotheothercellspreventsoverexcitationinthebrain.GABITRILincreasesthelevelofGABAbyblockingitsreabsorption

ThisblockinghelpsmakemoreGABAavailableforbindingtotheothercells48ppt课件EtiologyandPathogenesisofConsciousnessDisturbance49ppt课件SystemicDisturbanceRespiratorydisordersDisturbanceoffluid-electrolyteandacid-b