Unit-3-多维英语教材课件

Unitthree:AnAmericanLoveAffairBrockYatesloveaffairkeeninterest;closerelationship;anexperienceoflovebetweentwopeople;asexualrelationship强烈爱好;亲密关系；恋爱事件;风流韵事Bob’sloveaffairforaviation.鲍勃对航空的热爱theloveaffairbetweenthe2countries两国间的亲密关系Somenovelistsmaketheirloveaffairstheirstock-in-trade.桃色描写是某些小说家惯用的手法。ThebasicsofreportingtheloveaffairofPresidentClintonwithaformerWhiteHouseinternarejustlikereportingWatergate:ajournalistandasourcemeetingsomewhereandwhispering.对克林顿总统和前白宫实习生之间的私情报道的基本做法和对水门事件的报道如出一辙，不外乎记者和提供消息的人聚在一起，窃窃私语。IntroductiontotheAuthorBrockYatesisonethebest-known,mostrespectedautomotivejournalistsintheworld,whohasachievedrecognitioninthefieldsofmagazinewriting,books,screenwritingandtelevisioncommentary.Heisanactivecommentatoronautomotiveindustrymattersandhasappearedonanumberofmajortelevisiontalkshows,includingToday,TheTonightShow,CBSMorningNewsandThisWeekwithDavidBrinkleyonCNNandTheNewsHourwithBrianWilliamsonMSNBC,TheFoxNewsNetwork,PBSandcountlessradiotalkshowsaroundthenation.IntroductiontotheTextAmericanslovetheircars.Morethanjustameansoftransportation,theautomobileisanidentity,awayoflife,asymboloffreedom.Theauthorofthisessaydescribeshisfathernotbyhisjoborhisappearance,butratherdescribeshimas“aBuickman”—asifthebrandofcarownedwastheprimaryaspectofhisfather’sidentity.Althoughenvironmentalistsmaydisapprove,BrockYatesarguesthatAmerica’sloveofcarsinfactplaysakeypartinpeople’slifestyles,thelayoutofcities,andthenationaleconomy.IntroductiontotheTextButunlikeanyloveaffair,intemperance放纵canbreedtrouble.Excessiverelianceontheautomobilehasresultedinpollution,“urbansprawl”(theextensionofurbanareasfartherandfartherawayfromthecitycenter),trafficjams,andcountlessdeathsandinjuriesfromaccidents.Criticsoftheautomobilearguethatthesolutiontotheseevilsistomovepeopleintopublictransportation,suchasbusesandtrains.Yatesanswersthesecriticsbysayingthattheproblemsassociatedwithcarscanbesolvedthroughbettertechnology,andinanycase,Americansarenotwillingtogiveupthefreedomoftheircars.“Likeitorhateit,”saysYates,“thecarisheretostay.”IntroductiontotheTextAutomobileshavegreatlycontributedtotheprosperityofourmoderneconomyandbroughtpeoplemuchconvenience.Buttheyareamixedblessing.Theyhavecausedplentyofproblemsthatwehavetolivewith,suchaspollution,roadaccidents,trafficcongestion,etc.ThetexttellsusanAmerican'sattitudestowardscars.Canyousummarizethebasicarguments?Pre-readingQuestions1.Apartfrombeingausefulmeansoftransportation,whatothervaluesdoesthecarhaveforitsowner?asymbolofsocialstatusamechanicalpetofthefamilyasymboloffreedomawayoflifePre-readingQuestions2.Intermsoftoolsoftransportation,whataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofbicyclesandcarsrespectively?cheap convenientenvironment-friendlygoodtohealthQuestionsforPara.11.Whatsocialandeconomicstatusdidtheauthor’sfatherenjoyinhisdays?Washesatisfiedwithhisstatus?Whatdidheintendtodo?2.What’sthemainideathattheauthortriestoconveytous?Theauthor'sfatherenjoyedamiddle-classstatus.Hewassatisfiedwithwhathehadachievedandattemptedtorisetoahighersocioeconomicposition.Thecarsonedrivescanimmediatelyshowone’ssocio-economicstatus.Para.1MyfatherwasaBuickman.PriortotheGreatDepressionhehadbeenaStutzman.Butlikethousandsofotherupwardandmobilecitizens,hefacedasevereadjustmentinhisautomotivetastesbecauseofthattragicshiftintheeconomy.Tothedayhedied,hisBuicksweremorethanmundanetransportationmodules.Theydefinedhimintheclassstructure-betteroffthanaPontiacman,notaswelloffasaCadillacman-andofferedhiminstantidentificationonthesociallandscape.EquallywellpositionedweretheFordmenandtheChryslermen.MyfatherwasaBuickman.MyfatherdroveaBuickcar.priorto

prep.(formal)before,previoustoHesetoffpriortothenotice.在通知发布之前他就动身了。Thethoughtisalwayspriortothefact.思维总是先于事实。

prioradj.1)earlierhaveapriorengagement有约在先2)moreimportant优先的

Youhavethepriorclaimsontheprofessor‘stime.你有优先占用教授时间的权力。c.f.former/previous/past:formerengagement(以前的约会是针对以后的约会而提的latterengagement);previoustwoattempts前两次努力（所指不仅是时间还有顺序）;thepreviouspages前几页;paststory过去的经历(past是相对于

present而说的，多指时间)GreatDepressionAtermapplied,especiallyintheUnitedStates,totheworldwideeconomicdisasterof1930s.TheGreatDepressionwasthelongestanddeepestofthesetbacksthathavescarredtheAmericaneconomy.Thebrandnamesofcars:Buick(别克)Stutz(斯图兹)Pontiac(旁蒂亚克)Cadillac(凯迪拉克)Chrysler(克莱斯勒)Ford(福特)

PontiacBuickFordChryslerStutzCadillacTherankingofthesecarsfromlowtohigh:Pontiac—Buick—Ford—Chrysler—Stutz—CadillacThecarswithdifferentbrandsonedrivescanimmediatelyshowone’sdifferentsocialandeconomicstatus.Butlikethousandsofotherupwardandmobilecitizens,hefacedasevereadjustmentinhisautomotivetastesbecauseofthattragicshiftintheeconomy.upwardandmobilecitizens:peoplewhotrytorisefromalowertoahighereconomicorsocialclassButlikethousandsofotherpeoplewhotriedtorisefromalowertoahighereconomicorsocialclassandwhomovedalot,heencounteredadifficultchangefromdrivingaStutzcartoaBuickcar,alessexpensivecarbecauseofthetragicstateoftheeconomyatthetime.mobileamobilelibrary流动图书馆anupwardlymobilegeneration社会地位上升的一代人Themobilemedicalteamwillsoonbehere.巡回医疗队不久就要到这儿来。upwardmobility:tendencytoriseupward向上流动的倾向ajobwithlowpay,lowchallengeandnoupwardmobility工资低，缺乏挑战性且无提拔机会的工作thehighmobilityofmodernlabor现代劳工的高度流动性Totheday

hedied,hisBuicksweremorethanmundanetransportationmodules.

Tothedayhedied,hisBuickcarswerenotonlyhismeansoftransportationbutalsosymbolizedhiseconomicandsocialclass.mundaneadj.现世的;世俗的;庸俗的mundaneaffairs俗事Heisnothingbutamundanebusinessman.Heresentedreturningtothiskindofmundaneroutine.人将死时，对现世的俗事失去兴趣。Whenamanisneardeath,helosesinterestinmundaneaffairs.toa/theday

exactlyWelefthighschoolfivedaysagotoa/theday.我们离开中学整整五年了。

cf.tothisday:uptonowIhaven'ttoldhimthewholestorytothisday.直到今天我都没有将整个事情告诉他。Theydefinedhimintheclassstructure-betteroffthanaPontiacman,notaswelloffasaCadillacman-andofferedhiminstantidentificationonthesociallandscape.

Buickcarsstatedhissocialpositioninsociety—richerthanaPontiacowner,notsorichasaCadillacowner—andclearlyshowedhissocialstatus.thesociallandscape:thesocialhierarchy社会等级EquallywellpositionedweretheFordmenandtheChryslermen.TheFordownersandChryslerownersalsotooktheirsocialpositioninthesamemannerastheBuickmen.Buick,Stutz,Pontiac,CadillacandChryslerlikeFord,arethebrandnamesofacar.Thecarswithdifferentbrandsonedrivescanimmediatelyshowone'sdifferentsocioeconomicstatus.TherankingofthesecarsfromlowtohighmayroughlybePontiac(庞蒂亚克),Buick(别克),Ford(福特),Chrysler(克莱斯勒),Stutz,Cadillac(卡迪拉克).QuestionsforPara.2Whatdoes“loyalties”mean?Whataretheotherwordsshowingsuchafeelinginthisparagraph?Faithfullybuyingand/orpraisingaparticularbrandofcar.Love,revere,socialamulets,brag,electrify,smart,beast,BlackBeauty,andmysteriousmachinearethewordsandexpressionsthatshowsuchafeeling.Para.2Theseloyalties,hardwonandsupremelyvalued,formagranite-likefoundationforthespecialbondweAmericansenjoywithourautomobiles.Isitlove?Thewordmaybeoverwrought,butAmericansreverethesemachinesaboveallothers-notonlyasobjectsof20thcenturyrollingsculpturebutalsoassocialamulets.(tobecontinued)Para.2ThefirstBuickIrememberwasashiningblacksedanwithacresofmohairupholsteryandanewfangledcolumn-mountedshifter.Myfatherlikedtobragthatitwouldgo120milesanhour.TheverythoughtofsuchvelocityelectrifiedmenandlentcredencetomynicknamingthesmartbeastBlackBeauty,afterthemysteriousmachinepilotedbytheGreenHornetinsidetherecessesofthefamilyPhilco.Theseloyalties,hardwonandsupremelyvalued,formagranite-likefoundationforthespecialbondweAmericansenjoywithourautomobiles.

Theseloyalties(faithfullybuyingand/orpraisingaparticularbrandofcar),whicharewonwithgreateffortsandaregreatlyappreciated,formasolidfoundationforthatspecialkindoffeelingoflovethatconnectsAmericanswithourcars.Translation:

这种感情，来之不易且极具价值，为我们美国人与汽车之间的特殊联系奠定了坚实基础。bond1)sth.thatjoinsorunites明盟,联系createaharmoniousbondbetweentwocountries在两国间建立起和谐的联系dissolvethebondsofmatrimony解除婚姻关系2)printedpaperinwhichagovernmentoracorporationpromisestopaybackwithinterestmoneythathasbeenlent契约,债券issueababy/lottery/publicbond发行小额/有奖/公债债券Thewordmaybeoverwrought,butAmericansreverethesemachinesaboveallothers-notonlyasobjectsof20thcenturyrollingsculpturebutalsoassocialamulets.Theword“love”maybeoverstated/toostrong,butAmericansworshiptheircarsmorethananyothermachine–notonlyas20thcenturypiecesofmobilityart,butalsoassocialjewelrywornbecauseautomobilesproclaim/establishaperson’ssocialstatus.Translation:美国人对汽车的尊敬超过一切，不但把它看做二十世纪滚动的雕塑，而且也看作社会护身符。revere:itsuggestsawecoupledwithprofoundhonor尊敬,敬畏,崇敬如果你认识到你正在做的事情有助于改善人类生活，那么工作就是光荣的甚至是神圣的了。Ifyouknowthatwhatyou’redoingwillservetoimprovehumanlife,thentheworkbecomesrespected,evenrevered.amuletsth.worninthebelieforhopethatitwillprotectthewearer护身符Thebabyiswearingamuletinredagainstevil.ThefirstBuickIrememberwasashiningblacksedanwithacresofmohairupholsteryandanewfangledcolumn-mountedshifter.

我记得第一辆别克小轿车乌黑锃亮。配有厚厚的马海毛椅套和新式的无级变速杆/离合器拉杆。sedan:asmallcaracresof:(spoken)lotsofnewfangled:(AmE)newTheverythoughtofsuchvelocityelectrifiedmenandlentcredencetomynicknamingthesmartbeastBlackBeauty,afterthemysteriousmachinepilotedbytheGreenHornetinsidetherecessesofthefamilyPhilco.TheverythoughtofsuchspeedexcitedmenandgavevaliditytomynamingDad’sfirstfancyBuick“BlackBeauty”,afterthemysteriousmachine(thecar)drivenbyGreenHornet(acartoonfigure)heardonradioprogramIlistenedtoonthePhilco-brandfamilyradio.electrify:使震惊;使激动Hisspeechelectrifiedtheaudiencewhocheeredandshoutedforfiveminutes.TheverythoughtofsuchvelocityelectrifiedmenandlentcredencetomynicknamingthesmartbeastBlackBeauty,afterthemysteriousmachinepilotedbytheGreenHornetinsidetherecessesofthefamilyPhilco.Translation:一想到此车的速度就足以让人感到兴奋，并且也为我把这辆时髦的别克车叫做黑美人增加了可信度。这个名字取自家中Philco牌收音机播出的GreenHornet驾驶的那辆神秘车的名字。credence

qualityofsth.whichmakespeoplebelieveitistrueletterofcredence介绍信;推荐信;（大使等的）国书lend/give/attach/(full)credencetosth.(bothsth.andsb.canbeusedassubj.(formal)believesth.I’mnotpreparedtogivecredencetocomplaintsmadeanonymously.refusecredencetosth.:notbelieveHismotherrefusedcredencetogossipsheheardabouthisdaughter.conquer/gaincredencefromsb.orfindcredencewithsb.(sth.assubj.)bebelievedbyThesetalesfoundcredencewithhim.他相信这些无稽之谈

。Thoseviewsweretooextremetogaincredencefromthepractical-minded.那些看法过于极端，不大能为讲究实际的人所相信。尽管非常喜欢汽车，许多人还是相信广泛地使用公共交通系统能缓解交通拥挤。Despitetheirloveforcars,manypeoplelendcredencetotheextensiveuseofthepublictransportsystem,whichcancut

downontrafficcongestion.QuestionsforPara.3Whatisthedifferencebetweencarsandotherhightechproducts,suchasthetelephone,thetelevision,thepersonalcomputer,etc.?Giveevidencetosupportyouridea.

Thedifferenceliesinthefactthatcarsenjoyanthropomorphicstatus.Theyaretreatedasmembersofthefamilyandhavetheirownnames.Peoplecursethemwhentheyfailandfeelsorryforthemwhentheytradethemin.

Para.3Unlikethetelephone,thetelevisionorthepersonalcomputer,allofwhichhavestronglyalteredthehumanconditioninthiscentury,carsenjoyanthropomorphicstatus.Somebecomemembersofthefamily,mechanicalpets.Wegivethemnames.Wepreentheminourdriveways,cursethemwhentheyfailandlamenttheirpassingattrade-intime.Wepreentheminourdriveways,cursethemwhentheyfailandlamenttheirpassingattrade-intime.

Wecleanandpolishtheminourdrivewaysinfrontofourhouses,blamethemwhentheybreakdownandfeelsorryabouthavingtogetridofthecurrentcarswhenweexchangetheoldcarsfornewonesatthecardealers.preen1)(ofabird)smoothwithitspeak（鸟）用嘴整理（羽毛）2)(ofaperson)tidy(oneself)打扮自己Shecombedherlonghaircarefully,preeninginthemirror.preenoneselfon:prideoneself,showself-satisfaction赞扬自己，夸耀自己lamentv.:feelsorryabout悲叹；哀悼；非常懊悔；痛惜Hedeeplylamentedthedeathofhiswife.Helamentsthechangingpatternoflifeinthecountryside.Theroyalmemberslamentedthepassingofaristocraticsociety.王室家族成员悲叹贵族社会的消失。Helamentedhisthoughtlessacts.他非常懊悔自己轻率的举动n.strongexpressionofgriefThebandwasplayingalament.乐队正在演奏哀乐。passionatelament悲痛欲绝trade-inn.以旧换新业务trade...in:handover(ausedarticle)inpaymentforanewpurchaseTheytradeintheircareveryfiveyears.trade...for:exchange,barterQuestionsforPara.41.Howdoenvironmentalistsandsocialengineerslookatautomobiles?Whatdoestheauthorintendtomeanbytheexampleof"theDukeofWellington?”2.Whatistheuglyimageoftheautomobilecommonlyaccepted?Theyseeautomobilesnegatively.TheauthorgivestheexampleoftheDukeofWellingtontoillustratehowtheprivilegedclassesdidnotencouragecommonpeopletohavethefreedomtomovearound.Automobilesarethecauseofmanyproblems.Theyarethecauseofdeath,injuryandpopulationmovement.Thereforetheyshouldbeabandonedassoonaspossible.Para.4Thisisaloveaffairthatannoysenvironmentalists,safetyadvocatesandsocialengineerswhobelievethatthepathtoparadiseisoverlaidwiththeshiningrailsofmasstransit.Theyseeuspackedintofuturisticbicycles,notbehindthewheelsofwhatonefeveredcriticdenouncedas"insolentchariots".Thisattitudeisnotnew.Themobilityrepresentedfirstbytherailroad,thentheautomobile,hastraditionallyunsettledtheprivilegedclasses.(tobecontinued)Para.4TheDukeofWellington,brilliantonthebattlefieldbutnotedforhisdisdainforthegreatunwashed,opposedthedevelopmentoftheBritishrailwaysystem150yearsagobecausetrainswouldonlyencouragethecommonpeopletomovearoundneedlessly".Becausetheacceptedpartylineisthatautomobilespollute,kill,maimanddisplacepopulationsatacontemptiblerate,thesoonertheyareexcisedfromtheplanet,thebetter(andtakewiththemtheclutterofshoppingmalls,drive-ins,andjunk-foodstores).Thisisaloveaffairthatannoysenvironmentalists,safetyadvocatesandsocialengineerswhobelievethatthepathtoparadiseisoverlaidwiththeshiningrailsof

masstransit.

Thistendencytogivecarshumanstatusisaloveaffairthatannoysenvironmentalists,safetyadvocatesandsocialengineerswhoholdthatthepathtoparadise(ahappylife)iscoveredwiththeshiningrailsofpublictransportation.(Publictransportationleadstoahappylife.)theshiningrailsofmasstransit:waysforbuses,lightrails,orsubways由于汽车污染环境并严重伤害人体，甚至杀人，我们可能不得不削减私人拥有汽车的数量而更多地依赖公共交通系统。

Wemayhavetocutdownonthenumberofprivatelyownedcarsanddependmoreonpublicmasstransitsystemsbecausecarspolluteandmaimorevenkillpeople.Theyseeuspackedintofuturisticbicycles,notbehindthewheelsofwhatonefeveredcriticdenouncedas"insolentchariots".

Theyseeuscrowdedintomodernbicycles,notbehindthesteeringwheelsofourowncarswhichoneexcitedcriticcursedasproud,showywarvehicles.behindthewheelsof:behindthesteeringwheelsofcars环境保护主义者严厉谴责了汽车，认为汽车是产生空气污染的主要因素。Environmentalistshavedenouncedautomobiles,believingtheyareamajorfactorintheproductionofdirtyair.see:tobethetimewhen(anevent)happens际遇；目睹Model:ThedevelopmentofsomespecialzonesinChinastartedinthe1980s.The1980ssawthestartofthedevelopmentofsomespecialeconomiczonesinChina.Nowrewritethefollowingbyusingtheverb“see”:1.Manyfilms,someofthemgood,someofthembad,andafewofthemverybrilliant,havebeenreleasedinthepastdecade.2.Thematerialwealthofhumankindhasexplodedbeyondallpreviousimagininginthelast100years.Wehavebeenatyourserviceforfiveyears.Wewilldevelopnewideasandplanstosuitmoreofyourneedsinthefuture.

Thepastdecadehasseenthereleaseofmanyfilms,someofthemgood,someofthembad,andafewofthemverybrilliant.Thelast100yearshasseenthematerialwealthofhumankindexplodebeyondallpreviousimagining.Thefuturewillseeusdevelopingnewideasandplanstosuitmoreofyourneeds.Themobilityrepresentedfirstbytherailroad,thentheautomobile,hastraditionallyunsettledtheprivilegedclasses.

Theeaseofbeingabletomovefromoneplacetoanother,assymbolizedfirstbyrailroadandthentheautomobile,hasusuallydisturbedtheupperclasses.theprivilegedclasses:theeliteclassesTranslation:最初由铁路，继而由汽车所代表的流动性从根本上动摇了特权阶层的地位。TheDukeofWellington,brilliantonthebattlefieldbutnotedforhisdisdainforthegreatunwashed,opposedthedevelopmentoftheBritishrailwaysystem150yearsagobecausetrainswouldonlyencouragethecommonpeopletomovearoundneedlessly".

TheDukeofWellington,whowasbrilliantonthebattlefieldbutwell-knownforlookingdownuponpeopleoflowerclasses,objectedtothedevelopmentoftheBritishrailwaysystem150yearsagobecausetrainswouldonlyencouragetheordinarypeopletohavepurposelessmobility.第一威灵顿公爵(ArthurWellesley,firstDukeofWellington)别名铁公爵，拿破仑战争时期的英军将领，英国第25、27任首相西班牙半岛战争(1808～1814)时期建立战功，并在打败拿破仑的滑铁卢战役(1815)中分享胜利。最终更成为了英国陆军元帅，并获得法国、沙俄、普鲁士、西班牙、葡萄牙和荷兰6国授予元帅军衔，是世界历史上唯一获得7国元帅军衔者。被公认为是19世纪上半叶最具影响力的军事、政治人物。disdainv./n.:dislike(of)sborsth.thatyoufeeldoesnotdeserveyourinterestorrespectTheydisdainedhimforthecowardhewas.Theoldermusiciansdisdainthenew,rock-influencedmusic.Ourposhnewneighborsseemtodisdaintospeaktous.(refusingtospeaktousbecausetheythinkwedonotdeservetheirattention)Thelocalcitizensshowedtheirdisdainof/fortheforeignartists.unwasheda./n.:(an)ignorantorlow-class(group)Popularsupportlayintheunwashedsocialstratum.民众的支持存在于社会的底层。thegreatunwashed:平民百姓；群氓Becausetheacceptedpartylineisthatautomobilespollute,kill,maimanddisplacepopulationsatacontemptiblerate,thesoonertheyareexcisedfromtheplanet,thebetter(andtakewiththemtheclutterofshoppingmalls,drive-ins,andjunk-foodstores).Becausetheacceptedpublicviewisthatcarspollute,kill,injureandmovepopulationsatadispleasingrate,thesoonertheyareremovedfromtheearth,thebetter(andremovewiththemadisorderedmessofshoppingcenters,drive-ins(differentplacesthatallowpeopletostayintheircars,suchasdrive-inbanks,drive-inmovietheatres,etc.),andfast-foodstores)theacceptedpartyline:theofficialviewtakenbyapoliticalparty,hereitreferstotheviewtakenbytheenvironmentalistsmaiminjurebadly使重伤;残害;使残废Hewasseriouslymaimedinthewar.他在战争中受重伤而残废。Afterthecaraccidentshewasmaimedforlife.displace1)putoutoftherightorusualplace被迫离开家园displacedperson(=refugeelefthomeless,unableorunwillingtoreturntohisowncountry)Hedisplacedaboneinhiskneewhileplayingfootball.他踢足球的时候膝盖骨脱臼了。2)replace代替TomhasdisplacedHarryinMary'saffections.汽车诞生发展很快，不久就替代了马。Theautomobilewasimprovedveryrapidlyafteritwasinventedandsoondisplacedhorses.cf.

replace(displace)Bwith/byA;substituteAforBorsubstituteBwith/byAcontemptiblea.deservingorprovokingdisdain可鄙的；卑劣的Itwascontemptibleofhimtospeaklikethataboutarespectableteacher!他这样议论一位受人尊敬的教师真是为人所不齿!cf.contemptuous

a.:showingdisdain(表示)轻蔑的Hewasverycontemptuousof"popular”writers,whomhedescribedastalentlessandworthless.Fillintheblanks:

Itwasa____________tricktotellliesandplayonanoldfriend!She's____________ofmyhumblehomeandpoorsurroundings.contemptn.[U]lackofrespect;disdainTheyusedtohave/feelcontemptforpeasants.Suchaccusationsarebeneathcontempt.这样的指责实在不值得一顾。contemptiblecontemptuous说谎耍弄老朋友是卑鄙伎俩!她瞧不起我出身卑贱，家境贫困。excise...from(formal)removecompletely…fromexciseanorganfromthebodycf.amputate

切除(手臂,腿等)amputateafingerdrive-inn.

免下车餐馆，免下车银行，免下车影院(顾客可坐在自己的车上购物、进餐、看电影等等)Let'seatatthedrive-intonight.我们今晚在“免下车餐馆”吃饭吧。adj.

免下车即可得到服务的（餐馆、银行、影院等）cluttern.(1)alotofthingsinanuntidystate.杂乱的东西，凌乱Herroomwasinaclutter.她的房间乱七八糟。（2）noisy嘈杂的声音vt.使凌乱，乱堆在，塞满(+up)Toyscluttereduptheroom.玩具乱糟糟的堆满房间。QuestionsforPara.5Whathascontributedtotheexpansionofmetropolitancomplexes?Why?Automobileshavecontributedtotheexpansionofmanymetropolitanareasbecausetheymakemonumentalpopulationshiftspossible,thusresultinginexpandingcities.Thelastsentenceimpliesthatpeoplewillcontinuetomoveinlargenumbersby

meansofautomobilesnomatterhowworriedenvironmentalistsareaboutit.Para.5Whiletheautomobileissurelyguiltyofmanysins,itscriticschoosetoignorethatithasbeenthegreatliberator,permittingmonumentalpopulationshifts,citytosuburb,easttowest,southtonorthand,morerecently,northbacktosouth,asmillionsofcitizenssoughtimprovedeconomicopportunities.(tobecontinued)Para.5Sprawlingnewmetropolitancomplexes-LosAngeles,Orlando,Atlanta,Charlotte,Dallas,LasVegas,Phoenix-haverisenupbasedonlayoutsthataccommodatetheauto.Theconfigurationshavenotbeenperfect(norhavethemasstransitalternatives),butthefactremainsthatmassivegrowthisbeingenjoyedbysouthernandwesterncitiesbuiltaroundcars.Whileenvironmentalistsfret,themultitudesdriveon.Whiletheautomobileissurelyguiltyofmanysins,itscriticschoosetoignorethatithasbeenthegreatliberator,permittingmonumentalpopulationshifts…monumentalpopulationshifts:large-scalepopulationmovementAlthoughtheautomobileissurelyresponsibleformanyproblems,itscriticsarereluctanttoadmitthatithasmadepeopleinlargenumbersmoveconvenientlyfromplacetoplace,…beguiltyof:beresponsiblefor汽车给我们带来了更好、更为便利的交通时，它也应对诸如空气污染、交通事故、交通拥挤之类的许多问题负责。

Whilewheels(automobiles)havebroughtwiththembetterormoreconvenienttransportation,theyareguiltyofmanysins,suchasairpollution,trafficaccidentsandtrafficcongestion.metropolitancomplexesagroupofbuildingsspreadoutirregularlybigcities由于有便利的公共交通，在大都市的市郊，许多新建的住宅群拔地而起。

Manynewresidentialcomplexeshaverisenupinthesuburbsofmetropolitancitiesbecauseoftheavailabilityofconvenientpublictransportation.accommodate1)提供住宿Hewillaccommodatemewiththeuseofhishouse,whileheisabroad.他在国外期间将把他的住宅供我使用。2)容纳Oneflatcanaccommodateafamilyoffive.一套单元房可容纳一个五口之家。3)适应新的情况Whereverhegoes,hereadilyaccommodatestonewcircumstances.不管到哪儿,他都能迅速适应新环境。4)允许；考虑Theeconomicproposalaccommodatedthespecialneedsandinterestsoftheelderly.这项经济提案考虑到了老年人的特殊要求和利益。configurations构造,结构,配置,外型；外貌；轮廓Scientistsknowlittleabouttheconfigurationofthemoon’ssurface.科学家对月球表面形状所知甚少。abusinesscomputersysteminitssimplestconfiguration配置最简单的商用计算机系统Whileenvironmentalistsfret,themultitudesdriveon.Whileenvironmentalistsworryabouttheeffectsofcars,themajorityofpeoplecontinuetodrivethemunconcernedly.fret1)折磨；烦躁Whatareyoufrettingabout?你在烦躁什么？Don'tfret;everythingwillbeallright."别发愁,一切都会好的。"2)消损；磨损；侵蚀Thestreamfromthemountainslopefrettedachannelthroughthesoftearthalongthemountainfoot.山坡上下来的小溪流侵袭着松软的土地,沿着山脚跟形成了一条沟渠。multitude1)大量；众多likethestarsinmultitude多似繁星Fairskincoversthemultitudeofsins.[谚]金玉其外,败絮其中。2)群众；平常人；平民Themultitudemaylaughathismusic,butweknowbetter.平常人可能会笑话他的音乐，可我们知道不是那么回事。theconcernsofthemultitude大众焦点QuestionsforPara.6Inthisparagraph,theauthormentionsaseriesofstatistics.Whydoeshedoso?Whatkindofparagraphisitintermsoforganization?Theauthorgivesthesestatisticstosupporthisideaexpressedinthelastsentenceofthepreviousparagraph,“whileenvironmentalistsfret,themultitudesdriveon.”Thereforethisparagraphisasupportingparagraph.

Para.6Therearemorethan175millionlicenseddriversinAmerica,wheelingnearly200millionvehiclesover3.9millionmilesofroadsandstreets.Hoppingaboardtheircars,pickups,motorcycles,motorhomesandsportutilities,theyrollnearly2.4trillionmileseveryyear.About15millionbrand-newcarsandlighttruckspourontothehighwaysannually.Stockcarracingisthefastest-growingsportinthenation.Theautomobileindustryemploysmoreworkersthananyothermanufacturer-2.3million.pick-upn.:1)astimulant;bracer临时餐,饮料Iwanttostopforacupoftea,Ishouldhaveapick-up.2)(sl)personwhoseacquaintanceismadeusually偶然结识的人adj.(Colloq.)assembledinformallyorhastilyapick-upjazzband临时拼凑而成的乐队3)轻型货车motorhomes(AmE)anautomotivevehiclewithatruckchassis,outfittedasatravelingho