57fe06903f7ee帮学堂配套电子讲义

课程配套讲义是学习的必备资源，帮帮为大家精心整理了高质量的配套讲多造最科学、最高效、最自由的学台：名师TOC\o"1-1"\h\z\u2003年Text 2005年Text 2005年Text 2005年Text 2005年Text 2006年Text 2006年Text 2006年Text 2006年Text 2007年Text 2007年Text 2007年Text 2007年Text 2008年Text 2008年Text 2008年Text 2008年Text 2009年Text 2009年Text 2009年Text 2009年Text 2010年Text 2010年Text 2010年Text 2010年Text ItissaidthatinEnglanddeathispressing,inCanadainevitableandinCaliforniaoptional.Smallwonder.Americans'lifeexpectancyhasnearlydoubledoverthepastcentury.Failinghipscanbereced,clinicaldepressioncontrolled,cataractsremovedina30-minutesurgicalprocedure.SuchadvancesoffertheagingpopulationaqualityoflifethatwasunimaginablewhenIenteredmedicine50yearsago.Butnotevenagreathealth-caresystemcancuredeath—andourfailuretoconfrontthatrealitynowthreatensthisgreatnessofours.Deathisnormal;wearegeneticallyprogrammedtodisintegrateandperish,evenunderidealconditions.Weallunderstandthatatsomelevel,yetasmedicalconsumerswetreatdeathasaproblemtobesolved.Shieldedbythird-partypayersfromthecostofourcare,wedemandeverythingthatcanpossiblybedoneforus,evenifit'suseless.Themostobviousexampleislate-stagecancercare.Physicians—frustratedbytheirinabilitytocurethediseaseandfearinglossofhopeinthepatient—toooftenofferaggressivetreatmentfarbeyondwhatisscientificallyjustified.In1950,theUSspent$12.7billiononhealthcare.In2002,thecostwill$1540billion.Anyonecanseethistrendisunsustainable.Yetfewseemwillingtotrytoreverseit.Somescholarsconcludethataernmentwithfiniteresourcesshouldsimplystoppayingformedicalcarethatsustainslifebeyondacertainage—say83orso.FormerColoradoernorRichardLammhasbeenquotedassayingthattheoldandinfirm"haveadutytodieandgetoutoftheway",sothatyounger,healthierpeoplecanrealizetheirpotential.Iwouldnotgothatfar.Energeticpeoplenowroutinelyworkthroughtheir60sandbeyond,andremaindazzlinglyproductive.At78, chairmanSumnerRedstonejokinglyclaimstobe53.SupremeCourtJusticeSandraDayO'Connorisinher70s,andformersurgeongeneralC.EverettKoopchairsanInternetstart-upinhis80s.Theseleadersarelivingproofthatpreventionworksandthatwecanmanagethehealthproblemsthatcomenaturallywithage.Asamere68-year-old,Iwishtoageasproductivelyastheyhave.Yettherearelimitstowhatasocietycanspendinthispursuit.Asaphysician,Iknowthemostcostlyanddramaticmeasuresmaybeineffectiveandpainful.IalsoknowthatpeopleinJapanandSweden,countriesthatspendfarlessonmedicalcare,haveachievedlonger,healthierlivesthanwehave.Asanation,wemaybeoverfundingthequestforunlikelycureswhileunderfundingresearchonhumblertherapiesthatcouldimprovepeople'slives.WhatisimpliedinthefirstAmericansarebetterpreparedfordeaththanotherAmericansenjoyahigherlifequalitythaneverAmericansareover-confidentoftheirmedicalAmericanstakeavainprideintheirlonglifeTheauthorusestheexampleofcancerpatientstoshow medicalresourcesareoftendoctorsarehelplessagainstfatalsometreatmentsaretoomedicalcosts ingTheauthor'sattitudetowardRichardLamm'sremarkisone strongslightenthusiasticIncontrasttotheUS,JapanandSwedenarefundingtheirmedical.moremoremoremoreThetextintendstoexpresstheidea medicinewillfurtherprolongpeople'slifebeyondacertainlimitisnotworthdeathshouldbeacceptedasafactofexcessivedemandsincreasethecostofhealth【正确解】根据题干信息直接定位至首段第一句。该句提到，“据说在英【干扰项分析】［A］选项“正反”，最后一句表明人比其他国家的人更害怕。［B］选项“正反”，由于医疗技术的进步老年人享受能治愈”。［D］选项“偷换概念”，将“人对医疗技术的过于自信”【正确解】根据题干中的cancerpatients定位至第二段。文章第二段说，“由于有第支付我们的医疗费用，我们常常要求用尽一切可能的医疗手【干扰项分析】［B］和［C］选项属于“例子本身”，是举例中提到的内容，而不是举例的目的。［D］选项是根据第三段前两句介绍的几十年内医疗成【正确解】根据题干中的人名RichardLamm定位到第三段最后一句。该句【干扰项分析】【正确解】根据题干JapanandSweden定位至文章最后一段。第三”，extravagantly是说明情况的。［C］选项“以偏概全”，cautiously【正确解】本题考查考生对文章主旨要义的理解能力。实际上考生只需要把各的句起，本上全就有一个体把握句般落首句末和强折地，这文也不外。一提到在是以选的但是使伟的医卫体系也不治第段，是正现，我的定我即在最想的件也会。第三83岁以上的老人应该停止支付医疗费，老人有责任为年轻人让位第段作自的观不和上段的点样。五，人们应用无而贵长命，应该高活质。此文的中心思是告人接，［选正。不是观点。［B］选项“”，是其他人的观点，作者在第四段已经Everybodylovesafatpayrise.Yetpleasureatyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone.Indeed,ifhehasareputationforslacking,youmightevenbeoutraged.Suchbehaviourisregardedas“alltoohuman”,withtheunderlyingassumptionthatotheranimalswouldnotbecapableofthisfinelydevelopedsenseofgrievance.ButastudybySarahBrosnanandFransdeWaalofEmoryUniversityinAtlanta,Georgia,whichhasjustbeenpublishedinNature,suggeststhatitisalltoomonkey,aswell.Theresearchersstudiedthebehaviouroffemalebrowncapuchinmonkeys.Theylookcute.Theyaregood-natured,co-operativecreatures,andtheysharetheirfoodreadily.Aboveall,liketheirfemalehumancounterparts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices”thanmales.SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectcandidatesforDr.Brosnan’sandDr.deWaal’sstudy.Theresearchersspenttwoyearsteachingtheirmonkeystoexchangetokensforfood.Normally,themonkeyswerehappyenoughtoexchangepiecesofrockforslicesofcucumber.However,whentwomonkeyswerecedinseparatebutadjoiningchambers,sothateachcouldobservewhattheotherwasgettinginreturnforitsrock,theirbehaviourbecamemarkedlydifferent.Intheworldofcapuchinsgrapesareluxurygoods(andmuchpreferabletocucumbers).Sowhenonemonkeywashandedagrapeinexchangeforhertoken,thesecondwasreluctanttohandhersoverforamerepieceofcucumber.Andifonereceivedagrapewithouthavingtoprovidehertokeninexchangeatall,theothereithertossedherowntokenattheresearcheroroutofthechamber,orrefusedtoacceptthesliceofcucumber.Indeed,themerepresenceofagrapeintheotherchamber(withoutanactualmonkeytoeatit)wasenoughtoinduceresentmentinafemalecapuchin.Theresearcherssuggestthatcapuchinmonkeys,likehumans,areguidedbysocialemotions.Inthewild,theyareaco-operative,group-livingspecies.Suchco-operationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated.Feelingsofrighteousindignation,itseems,arenotthepreserveofpeoplealone.Refusingalesserrewardcompleymakesthesefeelingsabundantlycleartoothermembersofthegroup.However,whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsfromthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopic posingajustifyinganmakingaexiningaThestatement“itisalltoomonkey”(Lastline,Paragraphl)implies monkeysarealsooutragedbyslackresentingunfairnessisalsomonkeys’monkeys,likehumans,tendtobelousofeachnoanimalsotherthanmonkeyscandevelopsuchFemalecapuchinmonkeyswerechosenfortheresearchmostprobablybecausetheyare moreinclinedtoweighwhattheyniceinbothappearanceandmoregenerousthantheirmaleDr.BrosnanandDr.deWaalhaveeventuallyfoundintheirstudythatthe prefergrapestocanbetaughttoexchangewillnotbecooperativeiffeelingareunhappywhenseparatedfromWhatcanweinferfromthelastMonkeyscanbetrainedtodevelopsocialHumanindignationevolvedfromanuncertainAnimalsusuallyshowtheirfeelingsopenlyashumansCooperationamongmonkeysremainsstableonlyinthe【干扰项分析】［A］contrast(对照)强调的是两个事物之间的不同点，而comparison(比较)强调的是两个事物之间的相同点或者相似SarahBrosnanFransdeWaal进行的一项研究表明,它也是【正确项详解】第一段开头主要讲了人遇到会，这被看作是“人之竟然比你的薪水高”而不是“他的懒惰”，概括起来说就是人们会对于的【正确项详解】从第二段中可知：它们又可爱，又温顺，还很配合。但是，最主要的原因是：Aboveall,liketheirfemalehumancounterparts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices”thanmales.最重要的BrosnandeWaal博士理想的研究对象。故选［A］，属于典型的“同义替换”，其中moreinclinedtoweigh同义替换文tendtopaymuchcloserattention，whattheygetthevalueofgoodsandservices。【干扰项分析】［B］选项属于“无中生有”，“关注研究人员的指令”在文因。［D］theysharetheirfoodreadily设置干扰项，属【正确项详解】根据题干Dr.BrosnanandDr.deWaalhaveeventuallyfound【干扰项分析】［A］选项，猴子“喜欢葡萄甚于黄瓜”，是事实，不是研究是研究结论；［D］选项，猴子“如果与其他猴子分开，就会不高兴”文中从3500万年前他们共同的祖先，这个问题至今还没有答案。【干扰项分析】［A］选项属于典型的“无中生有”，文章中说猴子会受到社说的是：只有当每只猴子感到自己没有受到时,这种合作才可能稳定，而不Doyourememberallthoseyearswhenscientistsarguedthatsmokingwouldkillusbutthedoubtersinsistedthatwedidn’tknowforsure?Thattheevidencewasinconclusive,thescienceuncertain?Thattheantismokinglobbywasouttodestroyourwayoflifeandtheernmentshouldstayoutoftheway?LotsofAmericansboughtthatnonsense,andoverthreedecades,some10millionsmokerswenttoearlyThereareupsettingparallelstoday,asscientistsinonewaveafteranothertrytoawakenustothegrowingthreatofglobalwarming.ThelatestwasapanelfromtheNationalAcademyofSciences,enlistedbytheWhiteHouse,tolusthattheEarth’satmosphereisdefiniywarmingandthattheproblemislargelyman-made.Theclearmessageisthatweshouldgetmovingtoprotectourselves.TheoftheNationalAcademy,BruceAlberts,addedthiskeypointintheprefacetothepanel’sreport:“Scienceneverhasalltheanswers.Butsciencedoesprovideuswiththebestavailableguidetothefuture,anditiscriticalthatournationandtheworldbaseimportantpoliciesonthebestjudgmentsthatsciencecanprovideconcerningthefutureconsequencesofpresentactions.”Justasonsmoking,voicesnowcomefrommanyquartersinsistingthatthescienceaboutglobalwarmingis plete,thatit’sOKtokeeppouringfumesintotheairuntilweknowforsure.Thisisadangerousgame:bythetime100percentoftheevidenceisin,itmaybetoolate.Withtherisksobviousandgrowing,aprudentpeoplewouldtakeoutaninsurancenow.Fortunay,theWhiteHouseisstartingtopayattention.Butit’sobviousthatamajorityofthe’sadvisersstilldon’ttakeglobalwarmingseriously.Insteadofanofaction,theycontinuetopressformoreresearch—aclassiccaseof“paralysisbyysis”.Toserveasresponsiblestewardsofthenet,wemustpressforwardondeeperatmosphericandoceanicresearch.Butresearchaloneisinadequate.IftheAdministrationwon’ttakethelegislativeinitiative,Congressshouldhelptobeginfashioningconservationmeasures.AbillbyDemocraticSenatorRobertByrdofVirginia,whichwouldofferfinancialincentivesforprivateindustry,isapromisingstart.Manyseethatthecountryisgettingreadytobuildlotsofnewpowerntstomeetourenergyneeds.Ifweareevergoingtoprotecttheatmosphere,itiscrucialthatthosenewntsbeenvironmentallysound.Anargumentmadebysupportersofsmokingwas therewasnoscientificevidenceofthecorrelationbetweensmokingandthenumberofearlydeathsofsmokersinthepastdecadeswaspeoplehad domtochoosetheirownwayofantismokingpeoplewereusuallytalkingAccordingtoBruceAlberts,sciencecanserve aaaaWhatdoestheauthormeanby“paralysisbyysis”(Lastline,ParagraphEndlessstudieskillCarefulinvestigationrevealsPrudentnninghindersExtensiveresearchhelpsdecision-Accordingtotheauthor,whatshouldtheAdministrationdoaboutglobalOfferaidtobuildcleanerpowerRaisepublicawarenessofPressforfurtherscientificTakesomelegislativeTheauthorassociatestheissueofglobalwarmingwiththatofsmoking theybothsufferedfrom ernment'salessonfromthelatterisapplicabletothe eofthelatteraggravatesthebothofthemhaveturnedfrombadtosupportersofsmokingdoubters快速凿，科学也不确定，吸烟的会破坏他们的生活方式，要置身事外。的人说吸烟和之间的关系还不确定，并不是说二者之间的联系没有科学证据，故［A］选项错误。［B］选项属于典型的“正反”。文中第一段最后型的“”的错误，nonsense在文中指的是支持吸烟的人的观点，而不是【正确项详解】根据题干中的人名信息快速定位到第二段最后两句话。为我们以后做决策时的指导。［D］选项为斯·观点的“概括性”总和critical设置的形近词干扰项，但都不是斯·的观点，所以都应排【正确项详解】根据题干信息快速精确定位到第四段。paralysis ysis位【干扰项分析】［B］选项属于典型的“无中生有”，在原文中并没有相对应并且progress(发展)并确，［C］也不是正确选项。［D］选项中的extensiveresearch符合 ysis的意思，而helpsdecisionmaking在原文中并没有出现，Administration的信息快速精确定位到最后一段。制定保护措施。换句话说，就是应采取一些措施。［D］选项中的takesomelegislativemeasurestakethelegislativeinitiative。因此［D］【干扰项分析】［A］选项属于典型的“推理过度”，原文中只是要确保这些新发电厂对环境无害，而没有说为修建清洁电厂提供帮助，故为错误选项。［B］选项属于典型的“无中生有”，是命题者利用考生的设置的干扰【干扰项分析】［A］选项属于典型的“偷换概念”，将文中的doubters偷换为［A］theernment，故错误。［C］、［D］选项都属于“无中生Ofallthecomponentsofagoodnight’ssleep,dreamsseemtobeleastwithinourcontrol.Indreams,awindowopensintoaworldwherelogicissuspendedanddeadpeoplespeak.Acenturyago,Freudformulatedhisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswerethedisguisedshadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandfears;bythelate1970s,neurologistshadswitchedtothinkingofthemasjust“mentalnoise”—therandombyproductsoftheneural-repairworkthatgoesonduringsleep.Nowresearchersthatdreamsarepartofthemind’semotionalthermostat,regulatingmoodswhilethebrainis“off-line.”Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter.“It’syourdream,”saysRosalindCartwright,chairofpsychologyatChicago’sMedicalCenter.“Ifyoudon’tlikeit,changeit.”Evidencefrombrainimagingsupportsthisview.ThebrainisasactiveduringREM(rapideyemovement)sleep—whenmostvividdreamsoccur—asitiswhenfullyawake,saysDr.EricNofzingerattheUniversityofPittsburgh.Butnotallpartsofthebrainareequallyinvolved;thelimbicsystem(the“emotionalbrain”)isespeciallyactive,whiletheprefrontalcortex(thecenterofinlectandreasoning)isrelativelyquiet.“Wewakeupfromdreamshappyordepressed,andthosefeelingscanstaywithusallday,”saysStanfordsleepresearcherDr.WilliamDement.ThelinkbetweendreamsandemotionsshowsupamongthepatientsinCartwright’sclinic.Mostpeopleseemtohavemorebaddreamsearlyinthenight,progressingtowardhappieronesbeforeawakening,suggestingthattheyareworkingthroughnegativefeelingsgeneratedduringtheday.Becauseourconsciousmindisoccupiedwithdailylifewedon’talwaysthinkabouttheemotionalsignificanceoftheday’sevents—until,itappears,webegintodream.Andthisprocessneednotbelefttotheunconscious.Cartwrightbelievesonecanexerciseconsciouscontroloverrecurringbaddreams.Assoonasyouawaken,identifywhatisupsettingaboutthedream.Visualizehowyouwouldlikeittoendinstead;thenexttimeitoccurs,trytowakeupjustenoughtocontrolitscourse.Withmuchpracticepeoplecanlearnto,lilly,doitintheirAttheendoftheday,there’sprobablylittlereasontopayattentiontoourdreamsatallunlesstheykeepusfromsleeor“wewakeupinapanic,”Cartwrightsays.Terrorism,economicuncertaintiesandgeneralfeelingsofinsecurityhaveincreasedpeople’sanxiety.Thosesufferingfrompersistentnightmaresshouldseekhelpfromathe.Fortherestofus,thebrainhasitswaysofworkingthroughbadfeelings.Sleep—orratherdream—onitandyou’llfeelbetterinthemorning.Researchershavecometobelievethat canbemodifiedintheiraresusceptibletoemotionalreflectourinnermostdesiresandarea eofneuralByreferringtothelimbicsystem,theauthorintendsto itsfunctioninourthemechanismofREMtherelationofdreamstoitsdifferencefromtheprefrontalThenegativefeelingsgeneratedduringthedaytend aggravateinourunconsciousdevelopintohappypersisttillthetimewefallshowupindreamsearlyatCartwrightseemstosuggest wakingupintimeisessentialtotheriddingofbadvisualizingbaddreamshelpsbringthemunderdreamsshouldbelefttotheirnaturaldreamingmaynotentirelybelongtotheWhatadvicemightCartwrightgivetothosewhosometimeshavebadLeadyourlifeasSeekprofessionalExerciseconsciousAvoidanxietyintheresearchers快速精确定位到第一段的后四句。上还可以有意识地加以控制。心理科罗莎琳德·卡特莱特说：“梦是你自己【干扰项分析】［B］选项属于典型的“正反”。虽然梦易受情绪的影响是个，但原文中所给的信息为“梦可以调控我们的情绪”，故［B］选项错误。［C］选项属于典型的“”，“反应我们内心的和恐惧”是弗除。［D］选项同样属于“”，“梦是神经修复的随机结果”是20世纪70年代学家的观点，并不是现代学家的观点，同样为错误选项。段第一句ThelinkbetweendreamsandemotionsshowsupamongthepatientsinCartwright'sclinic.(梦和情绪之间的联系也表现在卡特莱特诊所的身上)，再seemtohavemorebaddreamsearlyinthenight的“同义替换”。dreaming替换thisprocess，而maynotentirelybelongtotheunconsciousneednotbelefttotheunconscious。upjustenoughtocontrolitscourse，但并没有强调这是至关重要的，因此［A］错误。［B］Visualizehowyouwouldlikeittoend设置的干扰属于典型的“偷换概念”，是错误的。［C］选项也属于典型的“正反”，如在should后加一个not，则［C］就是正确的了。【正确项详解】根据题干信息快速精确定位到最后一段。该段：那些长期受【干扰项分析】［B］选项“寻求专业帮助”的建议是给那些经常受噩梦折磨以是错误的。［C］选项的内容是卡的观点，而不是她对有时做噩梦的人Americansnolongerexpectpublicfigures,whetherinspeechorinwriting,tocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandgift.Nordotheyaspiretosuchcommandthemselves.Inhislatestbook,ngOurOwnThing:TheDegradationofLanguageandMusicandWhyWeShould,Like,Care,JohnMcWhorter,alinguistandcontroversialistofmixedliberalandconservativeviews,seesthetriumphof1960scounter-cultureasresponsibleforthedeclineofformalEnglish.Blamingthepermissive1960sisnothingnew,butthisisnotyetanothercriticismagainstthedeclineineducation.Mr.McWhorter’sacademicspecialtyislanguagehistoryandchange,andheseesthegradualdisappearanceof“whom”,forexample,tobenaturalandnomoreregrettablethanthelossofthecase-endingsofOldEnglish.Butthecultoftheauthenticandtheal,“ngourownthing”,hasspeltthedeathofformalspeech,writing,poetryandmusic.Whileeventhemodestlyeducatedsoughtanelevatedtonewhentheyputpentopaperbeforethe1960s,eventhemostwellregardedwritingsincethenhassoughttocapturespokenEnglishonthepage.Equally,inpoetry,thehighlyal,performativegenreistheonlyformthatcouldclaimrealliveliness.InbothoralandwrittenEnglish,talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft.Illustratedwithanentertainingarrayofexamplesfrombothhighandlowculture,thetrendthatMr.McWhortersisunmistakable.Butitislessclear,totakethequestionofhissubtitle,whyweshould,like,care.Asalinguist,heacknowledgesthatallvarietiesofhumanlanguage,includingnon-standardoneslikeBlackEnglish,canbepowerfullyexpressive—thereexistsnolanguageordialectintheworldthatcannotconveycomplexideas.Heisnotarguing,asmanydo,thatwecannolongerthinkstraightbecausewedonottalkproper.Russianshaveadeeplovefortheirownlanguageandcarrylargechunksofmemorizedpoetryintheirheads,whileItalianpoliticianstendtoelaboratespeechthatwouldseemold-fashionedtomostEnglish-speakers.Mr.McWhorteracknowledgesthatformallanguageisnotstrictlynecessary,andproposesnoradicaleducationreforms—heisreallygrievingoverthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful.WenowtakeourEnglish“onpapertesinsteadof ”.Ashame,perhaps,butprobablyaninevitableone.AccordingtoMcWhorter,thedeclineofformal isinevitableinradicaleducationisbutalltoonaturalinlanguagehascausedthecontroversyoverthecounter-broughtaboutchangesinpublicattitudesintheTheword“talking”(Line6,Paragraph3) TowhichofthefollowingstatementswouldMcWhortermostlikelyLogicalthinkingisnotnecessarilyrelatedtothewayweBlackEnglishcanbemoreexpressivethanstandardNon-standardvarietiesofhumanlanguagearejustasOfallthevarieties,standardEnglishcanbestconveycomplexThedescriptionofRussians’loveofmemorizingpoetryshowsthe interestintheirappreciationoftheiradmirationfortheircontemptfortheirold-Accordingtothelastparagraph,“papertes”isto“” “temporary”isto“radical”isto“functional”isto “humble”istothedeclineofformalEnglish快速精确定位退是自然的，如“whom”一词的。因此［B］选项为正确答案，为典型的isbutalltoonatural替换了原文中的tobenaturalandnomoreregrettable。alltoo表示“太……”【干扰项分析】［A］选项的信息为“正式英语的在激进的教育中是不可避免的”，但定位段没有提到“激进的教育”。而最后一段提到“激进的教育”时所指的信息为“没有必要进行激进的教育来挽救正式英语的属于典型的“因果倒置”，将文中的信息“2060年代反文化潮流的胜利要为正式英语的负责”错误改写为［C］选项的“正式英语的对反文在口语还是在语中，都表现出了正式英语的和非正式英语的流行。其中speakingcrafttalkingspontaneity对应着非正式英语，【干扰项分析】［A］、［B］、［C］talking出现的第三段主要讨论的是正式英语和非正式英语，故这三项都不能体现talking【干扰项分析】原文信息：所有类型的人类语言，其中包括英语这样Inspiteof“endlesstalkofdifference,”Americansocietyisanamazingforhomogenizingpeople.Thereis“thedemocratizinguniformityofdressanddiscourse,andthecasualnessandabsenceofdeference”characteristicofpopularculture.Peopleareabsorbedinto“acultureofconsumption”launchedbythe19th-centurydepartmentstoresthatoffered“vastarraysofgoodsinanelegantatmosphere.Insteadofintimateshopscateringtoaknowledgeableelite,”thesewerestores“anyonecouldenter,regardlessofclassorbackground.Thisturnedshopintoapublicanddemocraticact.”Themassmedia,advertisingandsportsaresforImmigrantsarequicklyfittingintothiscommonculture,whichmaynotbealtogetherelevatingbutishardlypoisonous.WritingfortheNationalImmigrationForum,GregoryRodriguezreportsthattoday’simmigrationisneitheratunprecedentedlevelsnorresistanttoassimilation.In1998immigrantswere9.8percentofpopulation;in1900,13.6percent.Inthe10yearspriorto1990,3.1immigrantsarrivedforevery1,000residents;inthe10yearspriorto1890,9.2forevery1,000.Now,considerthreeindicesofassimilation—language,homeownershipandintermarriage.The1990Censusrevealedthat“amajorityofimmigrantsfromeachofthefifteenmostcommoncountriesoforiginspokeEnglish‘well’or‘verywell’aftertenyearsofresidence.”ThechildrenofimmigrantstendtobebilingualandproficientinEnglish.“Bythethirdgeneration,theoriginallanguageislostinthemajorityofimmigrantfamilies.”HencethedescriptionofAmericaasa“graveyard”forlanguages.By1996foreign-bornimmigrantswhohadarrivedbefore1970hadahomeownershiprateof75.6percent,higherthanthe69.8percentrateamongnative-bornAmericans.Foreign-bornAsiansandHispanics“havehigherratesofintermarriagethandoU.S.-bornwhitesandblacks.”Bythethirdgeneration,onethirdofHispanicwomenaremarriedtonon-Hispanics,and41percentofAsian-Americanwomenaremarriedtonon-Asians.RodrigueznotesthatchildreninremotevillagesaroundtheworldarefansofsuperstarslikeArnoldSchwarzeneggerandGarthBrooks,yet“someAmericansfearthatimmigrantslivingwithintheUnitedStatesremainsomehowimmunetothenation’sassimilativepower.”AretheredivisiveissuesandpocketsofseethingangerinAmerica?Indeed.Itisbigenoughtohaveabitofeverything.ButparticularlywhenviewedagainstAmerica’sturbulentpast,today’ssocialindiceshardlysuggestadarkanddeterioratingsocialTheword“homogenizing”(Line2,Paragraph1)mostprobably.Accordingtotheauthor,thedepartmentstoresofthe19th [A]yedaroleinthespreadofpopularbecameintimateshopsforcommonsatisfiedtheneedsofaknowledgeableoweditsemergencetothecultureofThetextsuggeststhatimmigrantsnowinthe areresistanttoexertagreatinfluenceonAmericanarehardlyathreattothecommonconstitutethemajorityofthe areArnold Paragraph5?ToprovetheirpopularityaroundtheTorevealthepublic’sfearofTogiveexamplesofsuccessfulToshowthepowerfulinfluenceofAmericanIntheauthor’sopinion,theabsorptionofimmigrantsintoAmericansociety 答案：【正确项详解】根据题干快速精确定位到第一段第一句。此句“Inspiteof‘endlesstalkofdifference,’Americansocietyisanamazingmachineforhomogenizingpeople.”inspiteof表示让步关系，也就是前者与主句之间是转折关系，differencehomogenizingdifference的意思相反，由此可猜测homogenizing的意思。而且在第二段中，作者反复用到assimilation，它与homogenizing相照应，则［C］选项为正确答案。【干扰项分析】其他选项都是命题人“无中生有”添加的干扰项，在原文中没有答案：19世纪百货商店发起的“消费文化”中，这些百货商店在优雅的环境中项为［A］，该选项是对原文信息launchedacultureofconsumptionturnedshopintoapublicanddemocraticact的“概括性”论述。shopsintimateshops，因此是错误的。根据原文信息，满足知识精英阶层19世纪的百货商店，故［C］选项也是错误是“1919世纪百货 数并没有表明社会环境的和。由此可知，选项［C］为正确选项，选项hardlyathreat为原文第二段首句中的hardlypoisonous的“同义替换”。选项将原文today‘simmigrationisneitheratunprecedentedlevelsnorresistanttoassimilation中的norresistanttoassimilation改为resistanttohomogenization，故 而不是［B］选项的“对文化施加了很大的影响”。从第二段可以发现，移民只占了人口的很小的一部分，而没有构成人口的大多数，因此，［D］选答案：活在的没有对民族同化免疫，也就是说文化有强大，故［D］【干扰项分析】［A］选项是客观事实，例子本身说的就是他们在全世界很受 接下来的段落对此论点进行论证。在论证过程中，作者用到了amazing，democratizingquicklyfittingintomaynotbealtogetherelevatinghardlypoisonous，hardlysuggestadarkanddeterioratingsocialenvironment等词句，并在文章最后，没有导致社会的或。这些都表现出作者认为美国社会对的吸收是成功的，因此［B］为正确答案。［A］选项错误。［C］、［D］两项与整个文章的感彩是相反的，因此都Stratford-on-Avon,asweallknow,hasonlyoneindustry—WilliamShakespeare—buttherearetwodistinctlyseparateandincreasinglyhostilebranches.ThereistheRoyalShakespeare(RSC),whichpresentssuperbproductionsoftheysattheShakespeareMemorialTheatreontheAvon.Andtherearethetownsfolkwholargelyliveoffthetouristswhocome,nottoseetheys,buttolookatAnneHathaway’sCottage,Shakespeare’sbirthceandtheothersights.TheworthyresidentsofStratforddoubtthatthetheatreaddsapennytotheirrevenue.TheyfranklydisliketheRSC’sactors,themwiththeirlonghairandbeardsandsandalsandnoisiness.It’salldeliciouslyironicwhenyouconsiderthatShakespeare,whoearnstheirliving,washimselfanactor(withabeard)anddidhisshareofnoise-making.Thetouriststreamsarenotentirelyseparate.Thesightseerswhocomebybus—andoftentakeinWarwickCastleandBlenheimPalaceontheside—don’tusuallyseetheys,andsomeofthemareevensurprisedtofindatheatreinStratford.However,theygoersdomanagealittlesight-seeingalongwiththeirygoing.Itistheygoers,theRSCcontends,whobringinmuchofthetown’srevenuebecausetheyspendthenight(someofthemfourorfivenights)pouringcashintothehosandrestaurants.Thesightseerscantakeineverythingandgetoutoftownbynightfall.Thetownsfolkdon’tseeitthiswayandlocalcouncildoesnotcontributedirectlytothesubsidyoftheRoyalShakespeare.Stratfordcriespoortraditionally.Neverthelesseveryhointownseemstobeaddinganewwingorcocktaillounge.Hiltonisbuildingitsownhothere,whichyoumaybesurewillbedecoratedwithHamletHamburgerBars,theLearLounge,theBanquoBanquetingRoom,andsoforth,andwillbeveryexpensive.Anyway,thetownsfolkcan’tunderstandwhytheRoyalShakespeareneedsasubsidy.(ThetheatrehasbrokenattendancerecordsforthreeyearsinaLastyearits1,431seatswere94per