敬业考卷2018学年第一学期期中考试

2018学年第一学期期中考试ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandaquestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.A.A B.AC.Thewoman’s D.AfriendoftheA.Insidea B.OutsideanartC.Onauniversity D.OutsideasportsA.Davidforgotaboutit B.ThepartyhadalreadybeenC.Therewerenodrinksatthe D.ThedrinkswillbesenttoA.Joedoesn’tliketoattend B.Joedoesn’tliketochangehisC.Joewasn’tgoingto D.JoehadalwaysmeanttoA.Theyerhadan B.TheyerwasC.Themandidn’tseethe D.ThemanwasalsoA.He’llreturnthefollowing B.He’llbebackrightaftertheC.He’scomingbackforthe D.He’llbeginhisvacationnextA.ThewomanshouldstopworkinginB.HeisalsohavingdifficultyregisteringtheC.ThewomanwillgettheclassessheD.ThewomanshouldgetajobduringtheA.Ifheearnedmoremoney,he’dsave B.Hedidn’tsavemuchofhisC.Hespenthissavingsonsummer D.Hissummerjobdidn’tpayA.5 B. C.60 D.65A.Heshouldrunforthe B.Heshouldnottrytobethe C.Shewouldliketobethe D.Shewantshimtobethe SectionDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwopassagesandonelongerconversation.Aftereachpassageorconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveQuestions11through13arebasedonthefollowingA.Physicalstrength,healthandpatienceareB.PracticalnursesareasgoodastrainedC.AtrainednurselearnsonD.Whenapatientisveryill,atrainednurseisusuallyA.Inhospitals.B.Inlarge C.Atlarge D.AtA.MenshouldnottrytoenterthenursingB.ThereislittledemandfornursesexceptinwarC.ThenursingprofessionoffersseveralkindsofD.NursingisanunpleasantQuestions14through16arebasedonthefollowingA.HeisunhappywithhiscurrentB.HewantstobeC.HedesirestorepresenthisuniqueD.HelongstoearnmoreA.eLeeattendedthat B.TheuniversityisclosetohisC.Heisgrantedthefullscholarship D.HelikesthestudyingatmosphereA.American B.AnAsianAmericanC.AmericanBorn D.RegretfulhigherQuestions17through20arebasedonthefollowingA.MothermentionedmarriagebeforehisB.HewasnotearningenoughC.HehadtogotoworkbyD.HemissedthebusandwaslateforA.Byeatingchocolatefor B. ngsomeC. ngsomeaggressive D.BytakingahotbathwithsomeA.Speakers’stressandtheirromanticB.Speakers’pressureandtheirC.DifferentattitudestomarriageandD.DifferentkindsofpressureinA.ThewomanlovesromanticfeeltohandleB.ThemanisveryaggressiveinngC.ThewomanloveseatingwhilethemanlikesD.ThemanisasportsfanbutthewomanSectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.TheFirstBlackWomanintheBeingthefirstblackwoman(21)(elect)toCongresshasmademesomekindofphenomenon.TherearenineotherblacksinCongress;therearetenotherwomen.Iwasthe(22)( e)bothhandicaps()atonce.Ofthetwohandicaps,(23)(be)blackismuchlessofahandicapthanbeingfemale.IfIsaidthatbeingblackisa(24)(great)handicapthanbeingawoman,probablynoonewouldquestionme.Why?Because“weallknow”thereisprejudiceagainstblackpeopleinAmerica.Thatthereisprejudiceagainstwomenisanidea(25)stillstrikesnearlyallmen--and,Iamafraid,mostwomen--asstrange.PrejudiceagainstblackswasinvisibletomostwhiteAmericansformanyyears.Whenblacksfinallystartedto“mention”it,withsit-insanddomrides,Americanscouldhardlybelieveit.“Who,us?”theyasked(26)injuredtones.“We(27)(prejudice)?”Itwasthestartofalong,painfulreeducationforwhiteAmerica.Itwilltakeyearsforwhites--including(28)thinkofthemselvesasliberals--todiscoverandeliminatetheracistattitudestheyallactuallyhave.Howmuchharderwillitbetoeliminatetheprejudiceagainstwomen?Iamsureitwillbealongerstruggle.Partoftheproblemis(29)womeninAmericaaremuchmorebrainwashedandhappywith(30)rolesassecond-classcitizensthanblackseverwere.SectionDirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillineachblankwithaproperwordgiveninthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonemorewordthanyouneed.A. B. C. D.E.G. H.I.J.K.Eatingoutincreaseslevelsofphthalates(酞酸盐inthebodystudyUSresearch3135%increaseinlevelsofchemicallinkedtodiseaseinthosewhodinedatrestaurantsthepreviousday.Burgersandsandwicheswere32tohigherphthalatelevelsintheresearch,butonly33atarestaurantorEatingatrestaurantsandfastfoodchainsmayincreaseexposureto34harmfulchemicalsusedtoincreasetheflexibilityanddurabilityofstic,astudyhasfound.Researchersinvestigatinglevelsofphthalatesinthehumanbody,whichhavebeenrelatedtobreastcancer,asthma,type2diabetes(哮喘，二型)andfertilityissuesinthepastfewyears,werefoundtobenearly35%higherinparticipantswhohadeatenoutthepreviouscomparedwiththosewhostayedathome.The35wasespeciallystrongforteenagers,researchersfound.Adolescentswhofrequentlyateatfast-food36whileoutwiththeirfriendshad55%higherlevelsofthechemicalsthanyoungpeopleeatingathome.Phthalatesarebindingagentsfrequentlyusedinfood37aswellasanumberofotherproductsincludingflooring,soapsandshampoos,andsomeformsofthechemicalhave38fromchildren’sproductsinthePhthalatesareeverywhere,andthehealth39areworrying.Thefindingssuggestthatdiningoutmaybeanimportant,andpreviouslyunder-40sourceofexposuretophthalatesfortheUSpopulation.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Bhutan(不丹)isoneofthefewcesintheworldwhereyoucanexperienceunbrokenBuddhist(徒的)culture.Spiritualityisindailylifehere.IcamebecauseIwantedtowitnessfirsthandwhatitmightmeantodevoteyourlifeto41practiceasaBuddhist.AlthoughthisistheHimalayas(喜马拉雅山),youdon’tcomeheretoclimbmountains.Mountainsare42inBhutan,asareriversandtheearth.Therelationshipbetweennature,animalsandpeopleis43.Thepopulationissmall(around750,000)butthe44ofthemountainsandnatureisenormous.Thisputshumansintheirce:wearenot45,butasmallpartofthewhole.Respectfornaturehereisnotjustlip-service,youseeiteveryday.Ifyouwanttobuildahouse,youhavetoaskpermissionoftheearth,andtheernment47thatthecountrymaintains coverage.You’llseeprayerflagsmountainsandonbridges,fromwherethewindcarriestheprayersacrosstheYoudon’thavetotipyourheadbacktolookatthesky;youcanstare48atit.Forme,thefinestviewinBhutanisfrom3,100metreDochu-la.FromthismountainpassIcantheview,lookdirectlyatthesky,andseethestairstomylama’stemple.Iespeciallylikethewaythestabilityandpeaceofthemountains50withthecloudsmovinghighabove.Makea51ofmeetingmonks()ifyougotoBhutan.Visitorstendtoemphasisethewowfactorofthebuildings,and52thehumanelement.RealBuddhistculture,andwhatitmeansindailylife,isinthe53.Mostvisitorscomeinautumnorspring,whentheviewsarebestandtheweatherisdry,butcomeoff54foraquieter,morereflectiveexperience.Winterisnotdepressingandgrey;it’sallaboutfresh,clean,sharpairandbeautifulblueskies.Ifyoudon’tlikeChristmas,considerBhutan:there’sreallyno55ofit.41.A.B.C.D.42.A.B.C.D.43.A.B.C.D.44.A.B.C.D.45.A.B.C.D.46.A.inB.inC.inD.in47.A.B.C.D.48.A.B.C.D.49.A.B.C.D.50.A.B.C.D.51.A.B.C.D.52.A.B.C.D.53.A.B.C.D.54.A.B.C.D.55.A.B.C.D.SectionDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhaveread.Mt.Everestisnolongeraninaccessiblegiant.Morethan4,000peoplehavestoodontheworld’shighestpeaksince1953.Lastyearalone,morethan650peoplemadeittothetop.Butasthecrowdshavegrown,sotoohasthelistofstoriescomingfromthemountain:,longlinesovertrain,and overthevalueofSherpas.Forpeoplewhowantamoredrama-climbingexperience,theglobeisfilledwithotherpeaksworthtackling.Therearelilly13othermountainsover8,000metersandsomegetvirtuallynoattention.Theyareverychallengingmountainsthatwouldbeanequalfeatherinsomeone’shattoclimbwithmanyroutesstilltobediscovered,unlikeEverest.”Mountainstallerthan8,000meters(morethan26,000feet.arerareandexceptionallychallengingtoclimb,purelyforthelackofoxygenatsuchheight.Above8,000m,it essodifficulttobreathersthatclimberscallitthe“deathTheHimalayascontainall14oftheworld’s8,000meter-pluspeaks,whichareamong andPakistan.Amongthose,Everestisnotonlythetallest.It’salsoaccessiblebyhikingforaboutaweekandahalfafterflyingintoLukla.Fromthere,themountainisloadedwithequipment,includingacellphonetowerandSherpaswhofixropesforWesternclimbers.Thatmakestheclimbfarlesstechnicalthanitotherwisewouldbe.WhyDoPeopleKeepClimbingMt.Everest?“It’scertainlynottheeasiestclimbbecauseoftheheight,”saidAlanAmette,amountaineerandEverestbloggerinFortCollins,Colo.Ihatetheword‘easy’forany8,000-metermountain.Abetterwordisachievable.Everestisachievable.”OneemergingalternativetoEverestisK2,theworld’ssecondtallestmountain--at8,611m(28,251feet)toEverest’s8,848m(29,029feet).ButforeveryfourorsopeoplewhohavesummitedK2,one hasdiedtrying,Arnettesaid,foratotalof300successfulclimbsand81OnEverest,bycomparison,theratioofsuccessestodeathsisabout24toonewithmorethan6,000summitsandabout250deaths.K2isa“loose”mountainwithlotsofrockfallandavalanche(雪崩)activity,Amettesaid.Itsmainroutealsogoesuptheeastside,makingclimbersgetaffectedby ingstorms.Theterm“DeathZone”isusedtodescribeanarea thatis8,000metershighwiththeshortageofwherethereisthehighestrateofdeathinmountain-whereclimbersareunabletowherebreathersareverylikelytodieduetotheWhichofthefollowingistrueoftheTheycoverasmanyasfourTheycontaintenpeaksover8,000EverestisitstallestandeasiestpeaktoEverestisitspeakwithgoodtechnicalK2ismorechallengingtoclimbthanMtEverestinthat morepeoplediedinmountain-morenaturaldisastersoccurduetoitsloosetherearemoresnowstormshappeningonstormsaremoreunpredictableattheWhatisthepassagemainlyIntroductiontomountainThechallengesofthetallestClimbingthemostchallengingmountainsintheHow edifficultiesasElephantElephantGuestsareguidedinsmallgroupsonfootthroughthesanctuary.Guideswillin-depthinformationandinsightintoAfricanelephants.Youwillbeintroducedtoourelephantsarea,whereyouwillbeabletotouchand ctwithYouwillexperiencethespecialrelationshipbetweentheelephanthandlersandelephants.Startashortwalkwiththeelephants(trunk-in-hand)andseewheretheelephantsGuestsGuestslearnabouttheinnerstructureoftheelephantsandwillfeedthem.Onsomehotdaysyoumayevenseetheelephantsswimming.Enjoyadrinkfromthecashbaronthemaindeckbeforedeparture.Remembertowearflatwalkingshoes,sunhatsandbringyourcamera.DeparturetimesMorningtour:06:30andAfternoontour:Duration:6-8Price:$33(1),$20(2-3),$17(4-13+people)Entrancefees,returntransportincludedNotincluded:ElephantWhichofthefollowingisTouristscanfeedtheelephantsandswimwiththemonhotBeforedeparture,touristscanenjoysomedrinksofThepricingsystemencouragestouriststobringtheirbabiesInthe,visitorscanhaveaclosecontactwithTheword“Sanctuary”probablymeans A. B.Information C. D.WhatisthepassagemainlyIntroductiontotheelephantsinthePromotionofagiantanimalandthelivingAdvertisementofhandlersandtheirAvisittoascenicMITchemistryprofessorDanielNoceraledresearchontheartificialleafproject,saysheandhiscolleaguestooktheircuesfromnts,whicharelillybuzzingwithelectricity.“Whathappensisthatsunlightcomesinandhitstheleafandthentheleafimmediaytakesthatsunlightandmakesawirelesscurrent,”saysNocera.Duringphotosynthesis,theenergyinsunlightsplitswatermoleculesintohydrogenandoxygen.Thehydrogenjoinswithcarbondioxidetomakesugar,anessentialfuelforntgrowth.InNocera’slaboratory,scientistsreplicatedthatchemicalprocessusingasilicondeviceaboutthesizeandshapeofayingcard,onlythinner.It’scoatedwithnickelandcobaltcatalyststhatwhenexposedtowaterandultravioletlight,accelerateachemicalreaction.“Soyoucanlillyjusttakethisbottleofwaterandwecouldtakethechip,putthechipinsidethebottleofwater,andgoholdingitupinthesunandyouwouldstartseeinghydrogenandoxygenbubblescomingup.”Thehydrogenisthen binedwiththeoxygeninafuelcelltoproduceelectricity.Nocera’sworkbuildsonpreviousresearch.JohnTurneroftheNationalRenewableEnergyLaboratorypioneeredtheconceptin1998usingmaterialstooexpensiveandunstableforNocerasayshisso-calledpracticalartificialleafuseslessexpensivematerials,ismorestableandmoreefficientthanthatearlierdesign.Hesaysthechallengeistocollectthegasescomingoffthesiliconandstorethemuntiltheenergyisneeded.“Thathastobeengineeredstill,”headds.“Wedon’tknowhowtodothat.Itwillbesomethingthatwewillstartngprettysoon.You’llbestoringafairamountofenergybecausethissystemisworkingattheefficiencymoreorlessofthesolarcell.”Inlaboratoryexperiments,Nocera’ssolarcellprototypeoperatedcontinuouslyfor45hourswithoutadropinelectricaloutput.Noceranotesthatitworksinanytypeofwater.“Soyoucanusenaturalwatersources,whichforusisabigdeal,becauseifyouareinruralpartsoftheworld,especiallywheretheyarepoor,itisreallycostlytobringinpurewaterandso,thefactthatyoucango‘overthere’toapuddleandpickthewaterupandbeginusingit,issomethingthatisverypowerfulforus.”Nocerabelievestheartificialleafcouldbeespeciallyusefulasaninexpensivesourceofelectricityfor epopulationsindevelocountries.Thegoal,Nocerasays,istomakeeachhomeitsownpowerstation.Hepredictsacommercialversionoftheartificialleafwillbeonthemarketwithinthreeyears.MITchemistryprofessorDanielNorcera’sresearchisdifferentfromJohnTurner’smainlyinthat eistooNorcerahasfoundacheaperandsteadierNorcera’sworkingsystemislikethesolarNorcera’sresearchisoriginalandThenextstepforNocera’slaboratorytodoisprobablytofindout anefficientwayofstoringgasescomingofftheafeasiblesystemthatisasefficientassolarasilicondevicethatcanacceleratethechemicalhowtospreadthecheapsourceofelectricityindeveloThebiggestadvantageofNocera’sresearchisthat itisconvenientforeveryhometoownapoweritcanchangetheordinarywaterintopureithasacommercialvalueforpooritcanrecyclewastewaterandthuseco-WhatisprobablythebesttitleofthentsCanProduceCheapandSteadyStorageofEnergyIsaToughArtificialLeafTurnsSunlightintoElectricInexpensiveSourceofElectricityIsFinallySectionDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.NeitherNeitheraretheywhyyouarelesssmarterthanyourbrothersandNoraretheywhyyouarelikeyourhigh-achievingordullYourgenesdecideyourThisisnotjustmyAboutathirdofbabiesareborn“difficult”fortheseThatit’snotgenesisextremelygoodIt’sthebestkeptsecretofmodernscience:16yearsoftheHumanGenomeProjectsuggestthatgenesylittleornoroleinexiningdifferencesininligence.Whilegeneshavebeenfoundforphysicalfeatures,suchasheightoreyecolour,theyarenotthereasonyouaresmarter(ornot)thanyoursistersandbrothers. 67.Verylikely,youwillsimplynotbelievethisandaresurefromyourownexperiencethatit’s“abitofboth”natureandnurture.Butthosegenesthathavebeenfoundonlyexin1%-5%ofanypsychologicalcharacters. .It’ssomethingscientistscall“missingheritability”.RobertPlomin,oneoftheworld’sleadinggeneticists,toldtheGuardianlastyear.“Ihavebeenlookingforthesegenesfor15yearsandIdon’thaveany.”Ofcourse,babiesareborndifferentandbiologicaltransmissionoftraits(特征传送)doesoccur–it’sjustnotgenetic.Forinstance,thereisabundantevidencethatautism(自闭症)maybeduetowhathappensduringpregnancy,prematurityordifficultiesduringthebirth.Butithasbeenprovenmanytimesoverthattherightkindofnurturecancorrect.Itmeansthatmostbabieshavethepotentialtosucceedinconventionaltermsinexamsandcareers.Thereisnoinherent(的)reasonwhychildrenfrom familiescannotsucceedasmuchasthosefromaf