语法环雅5名词性从句二

名词性从句（二）宾语从句&

同位语从句宾语从句定义在复合句中作宾语的从句就叫作宾语从句，放在及物动词，介词后面。句子结构：主句+连词（引导词）+宾语从句作及物动词的宾语I

think

(that)

your

clothes

fit

well.He

couldn’t

tell

me

where

his home

was.作介词的宾语He

talked

of

how

he

helped

the

old

man.He

always

pays

attention

to

whatever

the

teacher

says.宾语从句的三要素：连接词陈述句语序时态呼应当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定 句），连接词用that，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。Lin

Tao

feels

(that)

his

own

team

is

even

better.She

says

(that)

she

won’t

take

part

in

the

sports

meeting next

Sunday.Jim

thought

(that)

the

train

was

like

a

big

moving

party.He

said

(that)

he

would

like

to

see

the

headmaster.一、连接词（引导词）注：that在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略e.g.I

hear

(that)

he

will

be

back

in

an

hour

.（一小时后他会回来）He

said

(that)

he

missed

us

very

much

.（他非常想念我们）3.The

teacher

told

us

(that)

the

earth

moves

around

the

sun

.（地球围着太阳转）2.

当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词

whether或if引导（口语中常用if），因为if/whether翻译成：“是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略Lily

wanted

to

know

if

/whether

hergrandma liked

the

handbag

.Let’s

see

if

/whether

we

can

find

out

some information

about

that

city

.She

asked

me

if

/whether

she

could

borrow these

books

.由从属连词whether,if

引导的宾语从句e.g.I

want

to

know

if

(whether)

he

will

go

to

the

park

with

us

.（他是否跟我们一起去公园）Ask

him

whether

(if)he

can

come

.（他是否能来）I

don’t

know

whether

it

is

going

to

rain

or

not

.（是否要下雨）Tips：1.当句末为ornot时，引导词只能用whether而不能用if.3.

当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由连接代词（what,

who,whom,which,whose）或连接副

词（when,

where,how,why）引导，因为连接

代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略。Do

you

know

what

he

said

just

now

?I

don’t

remember

when

we

arrived

.I

asked

him

where

I

could

get

so

much

money

.Please

tell

me

who

(whom)

we

have

to

see

.Do

you

know

what

time

the

plane

leaves

?由连接代词what,whom,whose,which,what及连接副词when,

where,

how,why引导的宾语从句He

asked

who

could

answer

the

question

.(谁能回答这个问题）Do

you

know whom

they

are

waiting

fo.r（他们在等谁）Heasked whose

handwriting

was

the

best

in

the.

class（谁的书法是班上最好的）4.Please

tell

mewhen

we’ll

have

a

meetin.g（我们什么时候开会）Can

you

tell

me

where

he

is

.（他在哪儿）Could

you

tell

me

how

I

can

get

to

the

station.（我该怎么去车站）Wouldyoutellme why

the

train

is

late（为什么火车迟到了）带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句how

oftenhow

longhow

far

ithow

manyhow

oldhow

soohow

muchit

costs

to

fly

toyou

go

abroad

for

athe

meeting

will

last

?is

to

the

cinema

.students

there

are

inhis

brother

is

?n

you

will

be

ready

.Could

you

tell

usHainan

?Could

you

tell

usholiday

?Could

you

tell

usI

don’t

knowPlease

tell

usyour

school

?Can

you

tell

usPlease

tell

us1.

The

youngman

asked

D

it's

summer

or

winter.A.

either B.

that C.

weather D.

whetherWedon'tknow

A

they

did

it

.A.

how B.

who C.

what D.

whichThe

teacher

asks

us

BJim

can

come

back

on

time.A.

that B.

if C.

when D.

what

time

Does

anybody

know

C

we will

have

a

sportsmeeting

this

weekend

or

not

.A.

if B.

where C.

whether D.

that5.Iwonder

B

he

is

crying

now

.A.

that B.

why C.

how D.

whenHaveyoufoundout

A

we

can

do

on

Hainan Island

?A.

what B.

how C.

if D.

whetherLilysaid

B

she

had

finished

her

composition

.A.

if B.

that C.

when D.

whereIdon’tknow

D

he

still

lives

here

.A.

where B.

what C.

when D.

whether二、时态如果主句是现在的时态（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）I

know

he

lives

here

.I

know

he

lived

here

ten

years

ago

.I

have

heard

that

he

will

come

tomorrow

.2.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）I

knew

who

lived

here.I

saw

she

was

talking

with

her

mother.He

asked

whether

his

father

would

come

backtomorrow.He

said

that

he

had

seen

it

.3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时。Theteacher

said

that

the

earthtravels around

the

sun

.1.

I

didn’t

know

what

time

he theletter.(write)5.

Our

teacher

told

us

in

class

the

sun in

theeast.

(rise)6.Canyoutellmewhatthey

did

yesterday?

(do)wroteMiss

Wangtoldmethattheearth

moves(move) round

the

sun.Could

you

tell

me

who

has

taken

away

the

book already?

(take)LingFengtoldmehe hadbeen

to

Shanghai

severaltimes.

(be)rises宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分例如：Where

does

he

live?I

don’t

know.=

I

don’t

know

where

he

lives.Did

the

students

have

a

picnic

last

Sunday

? Do

you

know

?Do

you

know

if/whether

the

students

had

a

picnic

lastSunday

?Mr.

Smith

have

been

in

China

for

about

threeyears

.Jim

told

Lin

Tao.Jim

told

Lin

Tao

(that)

Mr

Smith

had

been

in

China

forabout

three

years

.3.

Which

book

should

I

read

first

?Please

tell

me

.Please

tell

me

which

book

I

should

readfirst

.4.

Light

travels

faster

than

sound

.Our

teacher

told

us

in

yesterday’s

class

.Our

teacher

told

us

(that)

light

travels

fasterthan

sound

in

yesterday’s

class

.could / would是委婉语气，而不是过去式，因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态。Could

you

please

tell

me

where

we

show

ourtickets

?Could

you

tell

us

which

gate

we

have

to

go

to

?Would

you

like

to

know

when

he

will

come

back

?tips2.如果主句的谓语动词是ask时，连词不可能是that；如果主句的谓语动词是say时，连词用thatShe

says

(that)

she

will

leave

a

message

onhis

desk

.He

said

(that)

he

was

going

to

take

care

ofthe

child

.He

asks

if

I

like

playing

the

piano

.Youmay

ask

the

man

overthere

how

youcan

getto

the

bus

station

.3.如果从句中含有or或ornot时，只能用whether而不用ifCould

you

tell

me

whether

that’s

a

fasttrain

or

not

?Do

you

know

whether

he

is

right

or

not

?I

don’t

care

whether

he’ll

stay

here

or

not

.A.

what

day

was

itC.

who

she

was

waitingB.

when

the

train

arrivedD.

where

did

you

liveD1.

Could

you

show

me

?how

can

I

get

to

the

stationwhere

is

the

stationhow

I

could

get

to

the

stationhow

I

can

reach

the

station2.Pleasetellme

C

.A.

what

does

he

like B.

what

he

does

likeC.

what

he

likes D.

what

he

like3.Mysistertoldhim

B

.A.

would

goC.

had

to

goB.

to

goD.will

goCould

you

tell

me

how

much

D

to

fly

to Hainan

?do

it

cost B.does

it

costC.it

cost D.itcostsThe

small

children

don't

know

B

.what

is

their

stockings

inwhat

is

in

their

stockingswhere

is

their

stockings

inwhat

in

their

stockings4.

Could

you

tell

me

where

we

D

next

week

.同位语从句同位语从句the

Appositive

clause(1)

同位语从句的定义在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。它在句中起同位语的作用。它一般放在fact,news,idea,truth

,hope,problem,decision,belief,thought,doubt,promise,question

等名词的后面,对前面的名词作进一步的解释,说明前面名词的具体内容和含义。引导同位语从句的词有连词that,连接副词how,when,where,whether,

what等。e.g.

The

problem

whether

we

should

continue

to

do

the

experiment

has

been

solved.I

have

no

idea

when

he

will

come

back.同位语从句有时被别的词把它和名词隔开：注意:The

story

goes

that

William

Tell

killed

the

king

with

an

arrow.Word

came

that

their

team

had

won.⑵同位语从句的引导词:①由that引导（一般不可省略）The

fact

that

you

haven’t

enough

time

to

do

the

work

is

unbelievable.②用whether,how,when,where,why等引导。

eg:

I

have

no

idea

how

he

did

it.注意：除that外，其余连词在从句中都具有各自的意义和成分。eg:

He

must

answer

the

question

whether

he

agrees

to

it

or

not.状语You

have

no

idea

how

worried

I

was.

状语③有时可用that

is

to

say

(也就是说),in

other

words(换句话说),thatis(那就是),for

example，namely等引出同位语,说明其前面的名词或代词。有时同位语直接跟在名词或代词的后面。There

is

only

one

way

of

improving

your

English

,that

is

,

to

practice

more.同位语从句与定语从句的区别To

be

continued…1.Oneofthemheldtheview

thebook

said

wasright.A.

what

thatC.

thatB.

that

whatD.

whether单项选