姜东《黄河古渡凉水岸》阅读练习及答案

姜东《黄河古渡凉水岸》阅读练习及答案

黄河古渡凉水岸姜东九曲黄河万里沙，万里黄河渡口多。黄河是中国的母亲河，它孕育了中华民族的繁荣昌盛。黄河的第一个渡口在青海省的玛多县城边上，那里的河水浅得可以让藏族同胞的牛羊轻而易举地踏过黄河。黄河流经青海、宁夏、内蒙、陕北、山西等地，保留了大量的古渡口遗迹，临津渡、金城渡、横城渡、风陵渡、孙口渡、大禹渡、茅津渡等等，这些古渡口留下了许多美妙的传说和故事。黄河沿岸的每个古渡都和战争密切相关，一些甚至与少数民族有关。河包坪渡口、拐上渡口、川口渡口、俊店渡口、辛关渡口、孙口渡口以及位于陕西延川县东南部的清水关渡口，在抗日战争、解放战争以及和平建设年代都曾经发挥过重要作用。在漫长的历史岁月中，那些生活在内蒙古、青藏高原的少数民族，是否就是通过这些黄河古渡口而“南下牧马”的呢？延河入黄口的凉水岸，过去也是个重要的渡口，上游距乾坤湾45公里，下游距壶口瀑布37公里。相传在上古时期，这里是大禹治水的活动区域，现在还流传着尧舜访贤、大禹治水和黄河仙子的故事，村里现存禹王庙和禹王坪渡口遗址，此地曾为军事要塞，商贾云集，店面林立。凉水岸村坐落在山坳里，是一个历史悠久、民风淳朴、风景秀丽的村子，黄河水从村旁缓缓流过。凉水岸自然风光优美，有天然石林450亩，黄河湿地1200亩，土窑土炕土围墙，体现出原汁原味原生态村落的古朴、寂静、苍凉之美。凉水岸曾一度历经战火，河防军民同仇敌忾，谱写了一曲保卫黄河的抗战凯歌。1938年3月，萧军从平渡关渡过黄河，经过凉水岸，第一次到达延安。1944年6月，王震在凉水岸接美国记者福尔曼一行赴延安采访。走进凉水岸的秋天，一条潺潺的山泉流淌在村中的山坳间。沿着坎坷不平的山路，来到长满了花椒树、枣树的河滩地，红彤彤一片，缀满了大大小小的果实，鸟雀在枝头飞来飞去。古朴的土窑洞、干净宽敞的院落，错落有致，整齐排列。狗吠鸡鸣声不绝于耳，各家各户的院子里，晒满了红红的花椒，整个村子弥漫在浓香花椒味中。站在村头眺望，凉水岸与天尽头的大山相望，中间是缓缓流淌的延河水；与平渡关相望，中间是滚滚奔腾的黄河水。延河与黄河在天尽头的交汇是那样的淡静，那样的平缓，那样的从容。WalkingalongthebanksoftheYellowRiver,Icouldn'thelpbutfeelconfusedasIgazeduponthecalmwaters.IsthistheYellowRiverthatIhavealwaysdreamedof?Themightyriverwithitsmagnificentpowerandbreathtakingbeauty?TheYellowRiverthatIhavelongedforisnotlikethisatall.Itshouldberoaringandsurging,thunderingandawe-inspiring,withechoesreverberatingthroughthemountainsandamyriadofspectacularscenes,likeathousandhorsesgallopingtowardsme...Buthere,theYellowRiverwassopeaceful.AsIwalkeddownstreamalongtheriverbank,Isawmanylargeandbeautifulrocksscatteredaround.Somelookedlikelyingcows,somelikeflocksofsheep,somelikecitygates,somelikeferries,somelikemountains,andsomelikehugebedsorbooks.Together,theyformedanaturallandscapepaintingoftheYellowRiver'srockyshore.ReturningtothevillageofLiangshuianonthebanksofthecoolwater,IlookedaroundandsawaprominentmountainpeakdownstreamoftheYellowRiverthatresembledanoldman'shead.CouldthisbetheincarnationofDayu?Ishewatchingoverhismother,theYellowRiver?AsIlookedatthevariousshapesandsizesofrocksontheriverbankandthesteeppeaksandvalleys,myheartwasfilledwithexcitement.Couldsuchapicturesquerockyshorehavebeenformedwithoutbillionsofyearsoferosionandpolishing?13.ThearticledescribestheancientYellowRiverferrycrossings,whichhavealonghistoryandmanywonderfullegends.Theywerealsocloselyrelatedtowarsandsomeethnicminoritiesplayedimportantrolesinbothwarandpeacetimes.14.ThearticlefirstintroducestheancientYellowRiverferrycrossingsingeneral,andthenfocusesontheLiangshuianferrycrossing.15.(1)Fromasensoryperspective,theauthorvividlydescribesthemagnificent,rustic,andvibrantbeautyofthesurroundingsofLiangshuian,usingvisual,auditory,andolfactoryimagery.(2)Usingthemetaphoricalrhetoricaldevice,theauthorvividlydepictsthevariousshapesandstylesoftheYellowRiver'srockyshore.16.Thereasonfortheauthor'sconfusionintheseventhparagraphisthattheauthor'simpressionoftheYellowRiveristhatitshouldbepowerfulandmagnificent,buttheYellowRiveratLiangshuianiscalmandunexpected.17.Attheendofthearticle,wh