2023年高一暑假英语阅读理阅读技巧天天练 主旨大意含解析

第第页2023年高一暑假英语阅读理阅读技巧天天练主旨大意(含解析）2023年高一暑假阅读理阅读技巧专练:主旨大意

（共5题）

一、阅读理解题（共5题）

Plastic—EatingWorm

Humansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticeveryyear.Almosthalfofthatendsupinlandfills(垃圾填埋场),andupto12milliontonspollutetheoceans.Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms(幼虫).

ResearchersinSpainandEnglandfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmoth(大蜡螟)canbreakdownpolyethylene(聚乙烯),whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics.

Thatistosay,partofplasticscanbeconsumedbythiskindofworms.Theteamleft100waxwormsonaplasticshoppingbagfor12hours,andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.Toconfirmthattheworms'chewingalonewasnotresponsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdown,theresearchersmadesomewormsintopaste(糊状物)andappliedittoplasticfilms.14hourslaterthefilmshadlost13%oftheirmass—apparentlybrokendownbyenzymes(酶)fromtheworms'stomachs.TheirfindingswerepublishedinCurrentBiology.

FedericaBertocchini,co—authorofthestudy,saystheworms'abilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfood—beeswax—alsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic."Waxisacomplexmixture,butthebasicbondinpolyethylene,thecarbon—carbonbond,isthereaswell,"sheexplains."Thewaxwormdevelopedamethodorsystemtobreakthisbond."

JenniferDebruyn,amicrobiologistattheUniversityofTennessee,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysitisnotsurprisingthatsuchwormscanbreakdownpolyethylene.Butcomparedwithpreviousstudies,shefindsthespeedofbreakingdowninthisoneexciting.Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,willbetoidentifywheretheenzymecomesfrom.Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes(肠道微生物)

Bertocchiniagreesandhopesherteam'sfindingsmightonedayhelpmakeuseoftheenzymetobreakdownplasticsinlandfills.Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess—notsimply"millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic."

(1)Whatcanwelearnaboutthewormsinthestudy

A．Theytakeplasticsastheireverydayfood.

B．Theycanconsumeplastics.

C．Theyendupinlandfills.

D．Theyarenewcreatures.

(2)AccordingtoJenniferDeBruyn,thenextstepofthestudyisto_____.

A．provetheresearchfindings

B．discoverotherkindsofworms

C．increasethebreakdownspeed

D．findoutthesourceoftheenzyme

(3)Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatthechemicalmight_____.

A．helptoraiseworms

B．helpmakeplasticbags

C．beusedtocleantheoceans

D．beproducedinfactoriesinfuture

(4)Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage

A．Toproposenewmeanstokeepeco—balance.

B．Topresentawaytobreakdownplastics.

C．Tointroducethedietofaspecialworm.

D．Toexplainastudymethodonworms.

Pangolins(穿山甲),theworld’sonlymammalswithscales(鳞片),haveexistedonearthforabout60millionyears.Pangolinsareverysensitivecreaturesandmostofthemdon'tlikestayingindoors.Inthewild,they'reslowtoreproduceandgivebirthtoonlyonebabyatatime.Pangolinsarealoneandshy—nearlyimpossibleforeventhemostdevotedfieldresearcherstocatchsightof.

However,overrecenttenyears,theirwildpopulationhasdecreasedgreatly.MorethanamillionpangolinsarebelievedtohavebeentakenfromthewildinAsiaandAfrica.InthefirsteightdaysofApril2023alone,authoritiescaughttwo14-tonshipmentsofpangolinscalesinSingapore,representingabout72,000animalsandworthacombined$90million.InFebruary,Malaysianseizeda33-tonshipmentofmostlywhole,frozenpangolins.

"Thepresentscaleoftradecoulddrivethisspeciestoextinction,"saidanIndianofficial.

Iftheillegalpangolintradecontinuesatsuchhighlevels,it'sthoughtthatanother10yearsmightseethemdieoutaltogether.Thetradeiscausedbyaseriesoffactors,butthefactthatthelocalgovernmentdoesn'tmakestrictlawsagainstitplaysamajorrole.

Anotherbigchallengefacingpangolinsisthatsofewpeopleknowwhattheyareandwhythey'reinsuchdanger.AsNationalGeographicPhotoArkphotographerJoelSartoresays,"Youwon'tsavewhatyoudon'tlove."

(1)AccordingtoParagraph1,pangolins______.

A．areraremammalsB．likelivingindoors

C．areoutgoingbutsensitiveD．areeasilyfoundinthewild

(2)Whatisthemainreasonforpangolins'trade

A．PeopleinAfricalikehuntingpangolins.

B．Strictlawsagainstithaven'tbeenmade.

C．Pangolins'populationisincreasingrapidly.

D．Pangolinshaveexistedonearthforalongtime.

(3)WhatistheIndianofficial’sattitudetowardsthescalesoftrade

A．Uncaring.B．Puzzled.C．Supportive.D．Worried.

(4)Whatisthemainideaofthetext

A．PangolinsarehuntedinAsia.

B．Pangolinsarefacingextinction.

C．PeoplearetryingtosavePangolinsoutoflove.

D．ManycountriesaretakingactiontoprotectPangolins.

AgroupofDutchhighschoolstudentswithlittlesailingexperiencecompletedafive-weektripacrosstheAtlanticOceanonSunday.Thestudents,aged14to17,werejoinedby12experiencedcrewmembersandthreeteachers.TheyhadbeentakingpartinaneducationalvoyageoftheCaribbeanwhentheextremeweatherforcedthemtogreatlychangethewaytheyreturnedhome.

InsteadofflyingbackhomefromCubaastheyhadplanned,thecrewmembersandstudentsgatheredsuppliesandwarmclothes.Then,theysetsailfortheDutchportcityofHarlingen,7,000kilometersaway.Theirboat,theWyldeSwan,arrivedatHarlingenlateSundaymorning.Observersgatheredataseawalltowatchthearrival.

Astheyarrived,thestudentshungupaself-madesignontheboatthatread"BucketList".ItshowedtheyhadcompletedactivitiesthatincludedcrossingtheAtlanticOcean,mid-oceanswimmingandsurvivingtheBermudaTriangle,anareaintheAtlanticwheresomepeopledeclareshipsandplaneshavemysteriouslydisappeared.Thestudents'familymemberswerewaitingforthemattheport.

Masterskip,thecompanythatorganizedtheboattrip,runsfiveeducationalvoyagesforabout150studentseachyear.CrossingtheAtlanticisnothingnewfortheWyldeSwan,whichhasmadethetripabout20times.Thecompany'sdirector,ChristopheMeijer,saidhewaspleasedthestudentshadadaptedtolifeontheboatandhadkeptuptheireducationonthelongtrip."TheyareactuallyfaraheadnowoftheirDutchschoolstudents,"Meijersaid,"Theyhavemadeusveryproud."

(1)Whydidn'tthegroupreturnhomeasplanned

A．Theywereinexperiencedtravelers.

B．Theydidnothaveenoughsupplies.

C．Theirflighthomehadbeencancelled.

D．Thebadweatherchangedtheirplan.

(2)HowlonghasMasterskipbeenorganizingeducationalvoyages

A．Forabout4years.B．Forabout5years.

C．Forabout14years.D．Forabout20years.

(3)WhatdoesChristopheMeijerthinkofthetrip

A．Adventurous.B．Tiresome.C．Worthwhile.D．Amusing.

(4)Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout

A．TeenagerssurvivedmysteriousBermudaTriangle.

B．DutchstudentscompletedatripacrosstheAtlanticOcean.

C．Masterskiporganizededucationalvoyagesforstudents.

D．Dutchstudentsexperiencedanewwayofentertainment.

We'veallexperiencedfailure.Whetherwelikeitornot,failureispartoflife.Howpeoplerespondtoitisofgreatimportancebothtotheirdecisionsandachievements.

Somearelikelytohavesuchexpectations:"IfIshouldreachthatgoal,howhappywouldIfeel"Inarecentstudy,wewantedtounderstandhowsuchexpectationsmaychangeinthefaceoffailure.Arepeopleabletopredicttheirownhappiness

Theoldsaying"thegrassisalwaysgreenerontheotherside"suggeststhatpeoplespendmuchoftheirtimelongingforthingstheycan'thave.Inotherwords,theharderitistoachieve,thehigherthevaluation.ButisthisagoodmodelforhowordinarypeopleprocessfailureAccordingtothestoryTheFoxandtheGrapes,failureoftenleadsustodropourinitial(最初的)plan.Inthestory,thefoxjumpswithallhisstrength,yethefailstoreachthegrapes.Finally,hewalksaway,concludingthatthegrapesweresour(酸的)anyway.

So,whichisit:greenergrassorsourgrapesWedidanexperimenttodeterminehowpeoplereacttofailure.

Inthestudy,about1,200participants(参加者)receivedeithergoodorpoorfeedback(反馈)onthepracticetrialofatest.Halfofthemweretoldthattheyhadperformedinthebottom20percent,whiletheotherhalf,inthetop20percent.Theywerethenaskedtopredicthowtheywouldfeeliftheyearnedahighscoreontheactualtest.

Theresearchresultsshowedthatthosewhoreceivedpoorfeedbackonthepracticetrialpredictedthattheywouldfeellesshappinessandlesspride,comparedtothosewhoreceivedstrongfeedback.However,whentheyreceivedatopscoreontheactualtestlater,theywerejustashappyastheotherhalf,andmuchhappierthantheyhadpredictedbefore.Thissuggeststhattheinitialfailuremadepeopleundervaluehowgooditwouldfeeltosucceedinthefuture.Thequestionthough,iswhyfailuremakesusdownplayourfuturehappiness.

AccordingtoProfessorJonElster,peopledon'talwaysknowwhattheywant,andoftenchangetheirwishestomatchwhatappearswithinreach.Whentheoutcomedoesn'tfittheonetheyhaveofthemselves,theyprotectthemselvesbydevaluingthegoal—ratherthandevaluingself.Inotherwords,whenpersonalfailurehappens,onewayofprotectingourpositive(积极的)senseofselfistorefusetoaccepttheemotionalimportanceoffutureachievements.

Detachment(超脱)frompersonalgoalscanbeuseful,ifithelpspeopleredirecttheirattentionfromtheimpossibletobetterandmoreachievablegoals.However,ifthesour-grapeeffectkicksintooearlyandpeoplebecomefearfuloffailure,theycouldmissoutonthechancetotryagainandrealizethatwhatonceseemedimpossibleisnowwithinreach.

(1)WhatdoesthestoryTheFoxandtheGrapessuggest

A．Theoutcomevaluationdependsonwhatgoalisset.

B．Difficultiesresultinahigherachievementexpectation.

C．Pastperformancedoesn'thelppredictfuturehappiness.

D．Initialfailuremakesfuturesuccessappearlessattractive.

(2)Theword"downplay"inParagraph6probablymeans"_____".

A．undervalueB．betterunderstand

C．destroyD．discover

(3)Whatdoweknowfromthepassage

A．Theparticipantscaredmoreaboutstrongfeedback.

B．Thehappierpeoplearethosewhopredictlesshappiness.

C．Theparticipants'performancefailedtomatchtheirabilities.

D．Peopledevaluethegoaltokeepapositiveviewofthemselves.

(4)Whatisthewritertryingtotellus

A．Failureisthemotherofsuccess.

B．Detachmentstopspeoplefromchangingwishes.

C．Theseeminglyimpossibleisworthtryingsometimes.

D．Thesour-grapeeffectpushesustokeepmovingforward.

Parentsoftentellkidsthatplayingvideogameswillharmtheirbrains.ButlastJuneastudyfoundtheopposite—certainvideogamescangiveyourbrainhelp.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofMontreal,inCanada,askedagroupofpeopletoplaySuperMario64for90hoursoverthecourseofabout10weeks.Theyfoundthatthosepeopleexperiencedgrowthinthepartofthebrainthatisresponsibleformemory.

Butmanypeoplethinkthatthere'snothinggoodaboutlookingatascreenforhoursatatime.Theysaythatplayingsports,reading,anddoingotheractivitiescangiveyouthesamebenefitsthatplayingvideogamesdoes.Plus,somevideogamescanbeharmful.ThestudyfromtheUniversityofMontrealalsofoundthatplayingshootergameslikeCallofDutyhasadifferentinfluencefromplayingSuperMario64—itcausestheareaofthebrainthat'sresponsibleformemorytoshrink.

Here'swhattwoofourreadersthink.

Playingvideogamescanbebeneficialbecauseitrequiresskillslikeproblem-solving,strategicthinking,andsometimesteamwork.AstudybyresearchersattheUniversityofGlasgow,inScotland,foundthatplayingvideogamesimprovesyourcommunicationskillsandabilitytofindwaystosolvesproblems.Videogamescanalsohelpyoubecomemorecreative.Forexample,Minecraftrequiresyoutothinkoutsidetheboxandbuildthingswithmaterialsyouneverevenknewexisted.Youcanbuildyourdreamhouse!SomeschoolsareevenusingMinecrafttoteachtopicslikemathandcomputerscience.

—MackenzleReldy,Nebraska

Playingvideogamestakestimeawayfromothermoreimportantthings.Iusedtospendalotoftimeplayingthem.SometimesthatkeptmefromdoingthingsIneededtodo,likestudyingmyspellingwords.Playingvideogamescanalsobebadforyourhealth.Lastyear,researchersstudiedkidsandteensinCanadawhoplayvideogames.Theyfoundaconnectionbetweenplayingvideogamesforhoursbeforegoingtobedandbeingoverweight.

—DevinLewis,Arizona

(1)ComparedwithCallofDutySuperMario64_____.

A．ismoreharmfultokids

B．ismorepopularamongkids

C．canhelpdevelopgamers'memory

D．requiresgamerstobegoodatsolvingproblems

(2)WhatdoesDevinLewinsthinkofplayingvideogames

A．Itisveryboring.B．Itisnoeasytask.

C．Itisawasteoftime.D．Itisgoodforhisstudies.

(3)Whatdoesthetextmainlydiscuss

A．Howtostopplayingvideogames.

B．Whethervideogamesaregoodforyou.

C．Howlongyoucanspendplayingvideogames.

D．Whyvideogamesaresoattractivetokidsandteens.

答案

一、阅读理解题（共5题）

1.【答案】

(1)B

(2)D

(3)D

(4)B

2.【答案】

(1)A

(2)B

(3)D

(4)B

【解析】

(1)这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了穿山甲这种野生动物，并重点说明了由于非法买卖导致了这一物种数量急剧减少，濒临灭绝的现状。

细节理解题。由第一段中关键句“Pangolins(穿山甲),theworld'sonlymammalswithscales(鳞片),haveexistedonearthforabout60millionyears.”可知，穿山甲是世界上仅有的带鳞片的哺乳动物，也就是说穿山甲是稀有的哺乳动物。故选A项。

(2)细节理解题。由第四段中关键句“Thetradeiscausedbyaseriesoffactors,butthefactthatthelocalgovernmentdoesn'tmakestrictlawsagainstitplaysamajorrole.”可知，当地政府没有制定反对穿山甲买卖的法律是导致穿山甲买卖发生的主要原因。故选B项。

(3)推理判断题。由第三段内容"Thepresentscaleoftradecoulddrivethisspeciestoextinction,"saidanIndianofficial.可知，这位印度官员认为以这种交易规模发展下去，会导致这一物种灭绝。可以从他的话中推断出，他对这种非法买卖的现状是非常担心的。故选D项。

(4)主旨大意题。浏览全文，由第三段中印度官员的话“Thepresentscaleoftradecoulddrivethisspeciestoextinction”目前的贸易规模可能会导致这种物种灭绝。和第四段中关键句“Iftheillegalpangolintradecontinuesatsuchhighlevels,it’sthoughtthatanother10yearsmightseethemdieoutaltogether.”如果非法穿山甲贸易继续保持如此高的水平，人们认为再过10年它们可能会完全灭绝。可知，文章主要说明的是由于目前大规模的非法买卖，穿山甲正在面对着灭绝的危险。故选B项。

3.【答案】

(1)D

(2)A

(3)C

(4)B

4.【答案】

(1)C

(2)A

(3)D

(4)D

【解析】

(1)本文通过狐狸和葡萄的故事介绍了在面对失败时，人们如何改变才能预测自己的幸福。

推理判断题。根据原文第三段“AccordingtothestoryTheFoxandtheGrapes,failureoftenleadsustodropourinitial(最初的)plan.根据狐狸和葡萄的故事，失败常常导致我们放弃最初的努力计划。”可知狐狸和葡萄的故事暗示了过去的表现无助于预测未来的幸福。

(2)词义猜测题。根据原文第二段“Thissuggeststhattheinitialfailuremadepeopleundervaluehowgooditwouldfeeltosucceedinthefuture.Thequestionthough,iswhyfailuremakesusdownplayourfuturehappiness.这说明最初的失败让人们低估了未来成功的感觉，但问题是，为什么失败让我们低估了未来的幸福感。”可知第6段中的“downplay”与上一句中的“undervalue”同义，这个词的意思是“低估”。A.undervalue低估；B.betterunderstand更好地理解；C.destroy破坏；D.discover发现。

(3)推理判断题。根据原文倒数第二段“