2023年教师资格（中学）-英语学科知识与教学能力（初中）考试高频考点参考题库含答案

长风破浪会有时，直挂云帆济沧海。2023年教师资格（中学）-英语学科知识与教学能力（初中）考试高频考点参考题库带答案（图片大小可自由调整）答案解析附后第1卷一.单项选择题(共15题)1.Waterproblemsinthefuturewillbecomemoreintenseandmorecomplex.Ourincreasingpopulationwilltremendouslyincreaseurbanwastes,primarilysewage.Ontheotherhand,in-creasingdemandsforwaterwilldeceasesubstantiallytheamountofwateravailablefordilutingwastes.Rapidlyexpandingindustrieswhichinvolvemoreandmorecomplexchemicalprocesseswillproducelargevolumesofliquidwastes,andmanyofthesewillcontainchemicalswhicharenoxious.Tcfeedourrapidlyexpandingpopulation,agriculturewillhavetobeintensified.Thiswillinvolveever-increasingquantitiesofagriculturalchemicals,fromthis,itisapparentthatdrasticstepsmustbetakenimmediatelytodevelopcorrectivemeasuresforthepollutionproblem.Therearetwowaysbywhichthispollutionproblemcanbedwindled.Thefirstrelatestothetreatmentofwastestodecreasetheirpollutionhazard.Thisinvolvestheprocessingofsolidwastes"priorto"disposalandthetreatmentofliquidwastes,oreffluents,topermitthereuseofthewaterorminimizepollutionuponfinaldisposal.Asecondapproachistodevelopaneconomicuseforallorapartofthewastes.Farmmanureisspreadinfieldsasanutrientororganicsupplement.Effluentsfromsewagedisposalplantsareusedinsomeareasbothforirrigationandforthenutrientscontained.Effluentsfromotherprocessingplantsmayalsobeusedasupplementalsourceofwater.Manyindustries,suchasmeatandpoultryprocessingplants,arecurrentlyconvertingformerwasteproductsintomarketablebyproducts.Otherindustriesarepotentialeconomicusesforwasteproducts. Thepurposeofthispassageis→

←.A.toalertthereadertothedwindlingwatersupplyB.toexplainindustrialusesofwaterC.toacquaintthereaderwithwaterpollutionproblemsD.todemonstratevariousmeasurestosolvethepollutionproblem2.Don’tbediscouraged.→←andyouwillsurelypasstheexam.A.MakeabitmoreeffortB.TomakeabitmoreeffortC.MakingabitmoreeffortD.Ifyoumakeamoreeffort3.Internet,aswellasnewspapersandmagazines，→←animportantpartinourdailylife.A.haveplayedB.areplayingC.isplayingD.hasbeenplayed4.Throughoutthehistoryofthearts,thenatureofcreativityhasremainedconstanttoartists.Nomatterwhatobjectstheyselect,artistsaretobringforthnewforcesandformsthatcausechangetofindpoetrywherenoonehaseverseenorexperienceditbefore.Landscape(风景)isanotherunchangingelementofart.Itcanbefoundfromancienttimesthroughthe17th-centuryDutchpainterstothe19th-centuryromanticistsandimpressionists.Inthe1970s,AlfredLeslie,oneofthenewAmericanrealists,continuedthispractice.LesliesoughtoutthesameplacewhereThomasCole,aromanticist,hadproducedpaintingsofthesamesceneacenturyandahalfbefore.UnlikeColewhoinsistsonafeelingoflonelinessandtheideaoffindingpeaceinnature,Lesliepaintswhatheactuallysees.Inhispaintings,thereisnoparticularchangeinemotion,andheincludesordinarythingslikethehighwayinthehack:ground.Healsotakesadvantageofthelatestdevelopmentsofcolorphotographytohelpboththeeyeandthememorywhenheimproveshispaintingbackinhisworkroom.Besides,allartbegstheage-oldquestion:Whatisreal?Eachgenerationofartistshasshowntheirunderstandingofrealityinoneformoranother.Theimpressionistssawrealityinbriefemotionaleffects,therealistsineverydaysubjectsandinforestscenes,andtheCro-Magnoncavepeopleintheirnaturalisticdrawingsoftheanimalsintheancientforests.Tosumup,understandingrealityisanecessarystruggleforartistsofallperiods.Overthousandsofyearsthefunctionoftheartshasremainedrelativelyconstant.Pastorpresent,EasternorWestern,theartsareabasicpartofourimmediateexperience.Manyanddifferentarethefacesofart,andtogethertheyexpressthebasicneedandhopeofhumanbeings.Leslie'spaintingsareextraordinarybecause→←.A.theyarecloseinstyletoworksinancienttimesB.theylooklikeworksby19th-centurypaintersC.theydrawattentiontocommonthingsinlifeD.theydependheavilyoncolorphotography5.Ifateacherasksstudentstocollect,compareandanalyzecertainsentencepatterns,he/sheaimsatdevelopingstudents,().A.discourseawarenessB.culturalawarenessC.strategiccompetenceD.linguisticcompetence6.What'stheteacherdoingbysaying"Whowantstohaveatry"?→←A.Controllingdiscipline.B.Givingprompt.C.Evaluatingstudents'work.D.Directingstudents'attentiontothelesson.7.Ourlifehasbutashort→←.A.durationB.spanC.episodeD.range8.Whenateachersaystothewholeclass,“Standupandactoutthedialogue”,he/sheisplayingtheroleofa(n)——().A.monitorB.organizerC.assessorD.prompter9.Songscanhaveapowerfuleffectonpeople.Play"Gypsies,TrampsandThieves"tomanybabyboomers,forexample,andchancesarethey'llrunoff,handsovertheirears.Songscanhaveapowerfuleffectamongbirds,too.Considertheblack-cappedchickadee.Whenitsingsits"chick-a-dee"song,itsflockmatescomerunning.Thesongisawarningthatahawk,owlorotherpredatorisperchednearby,andtheotherchickadeesarrivetoharasstheenemyuntilitleaves.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofMontanahavediscoveredthatthiswarningcallisacodedsignal.Byvaryingthecall,abirdcommunicatestootherbirdsthesizeofthepredator,andthusthescopeofthedanger."Thisissofarthemostfinelydetailedalarmcallsystemthatwe'vefound,"saidtheleadresearcher,ChristopherN.Templeton,whoisnowadoctoralstudentattheUniversityofWashington.ThefindingsappearinthecurrentissueofthejournalScience.Mr.Templetonandhiscolleaguesexposedchickadeesto15differentspeciesofpredatorsandrecordedandanalyzedthecallsthebirdsmade.Inadditionto"chick-a-dee",thebirdsmakeahigh-pitched"seer"callwhentheyspyapredatorflyingintheair.Uponhearingthiscall,theotherbirdseitherdiveforcoverorremainmotionlesssoasnottobespotted.Butit'sthe"chick-a-dee”callthattheresearchersfocusedon."Theychangeanumberofdifferentfeaturesaboutthesecalls."Mr.Templetonsaid."Butmostarenotaudibletousexceptthenumberofdees'attheend."Theyfoundthatthebirdsvariedthenumberof"dee"soundsdependingonthesizeofthepredator.More"dees"-asmanyas21inonecase-weresoundedforsmallerpredatorsliketheNorthernpygmy-owl.Becausechickadeesaresmallandfast,smaller,moreagilepredatorsaremoreofathreatthanlargerones.Themore"dees",themorechickadeesshowuptoharassthepredator,bydive-bombingitormakingnoisesinitsface."Thegoalistodriveitoutoftheirterritorysothatitisnolongerathreat,"Mr.Templetonsaid.This"mobbing"responsetothecallsisprobablylearnedbehavior,hesaid,awaythatbirdsteachestheiryoungaboutrisks."It'sameansbywhichadultstellthekidsintheflock,theseguysaredangerous."Mr.Templetonsaid.WhichofthefollowingisNottrueaboutchickadees?→←A.Theirsongsnotonlywarnbutalsocommunicate.B.Asmallertypeofhawkismoredangerousthanalargerone.C.Theymobtheenemybynativeinstinct.D.Theircallsmostlycannotbeheardbyhumanbeing.10.Mobileofficeisthemutualproductofeconomic,scientific,andsocialprogress.Mobileofricehasbecomeasolutionthatprovidesuserswithconvenient,prompt,safe,reliable,andreasonablypricedcommunicationsandofficefacultyanywhereanytimeviathesupportofmobileinterconnectionplatform(MIP)anditsapplicationssystems.Whenyouleaveyourofficetoattendmeetingsortravelonbusiness,whatwouldhappentoyourbusinessroutine?Ofcourse,faxesande-mailswouldbestillsenttoyourfaxmachineore-mailbox,butyoucan'treadthemandmakepromptreactiontimely.Whenyourclientsneedyoutomakesomeurgentmodificationsonyourworkandyouareneitherintheofficenorcarryingrelevantdocuments,whatcanyoudo?Maybeyouhavetosay"sorry"totheclients.But,yourbusinesswillbeaffected,theclientswillbeunhappyanddisappointedbecauseofyourdelay,andyouwilllosealotofbusinessopportunities.Infact,veryfrequently,youneedtocheck,reply,distribute,display,modify,orreadsomematerialswhenyouarenotinyouroffice.Youmustgetoutofthisdilemma.Thebestsolutiontonormallyhandleyourbusinessanywhereanytimeandnottodisappointyourclientsistoletyouroffice"move"withyou.Thus，youcanhaveconvenient,prompt,safe,reliable,andreasonablypricedcommunicationsandofficefacultyanywhereanytime.Withthedevelopmentofcommunicationstechnology,networkapplication,andwirelessinterconnection,mobileofficehasbecomesimplerandsmaller,andevencanberealizedviaonemobilephonewithdatacommunicationsfunction.Thus,mobileofficehasalreadybeenputintoyourpocket,andofficemobilityhasbeenrealized.Mobileofficehasprovidedpeoplewithconvenient,casualworkingenvironment,butatthesametime,itstillhassomeunsatisfactoryaspectssuchasmismatchingequipmentinterface(接口，界面)andinadequatebattery.Nevertheless,webelievethatwithtechnicalprogress,peoplecancertainlyovercomeallkindsofdifficulties.Mobileofficewillmakeyourcareerunimpeded,andwillrealizethedreamofcompletelyfreecommunication.Userswillenjoymorecolorfullifeandbetterworkingenvironment,andusers'livingstandard,workingefficiency,andevenenterprises'productionefficiencywillcertainlybeimmenselyraised.Intheeyesoftheauthor,mobileoffice→←.A.hassomefatalshortcomingsB.istooexpensivetoaffordC.wouldberealizedinthefutureD.hasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages11.Writingexercisessuchascompletion,reproduction,compression,andtransformationaremainlythetypeofexerciseusedin_____task.A.imitativewritingB.guidedwritingC.freewritingD.creativewriting12.passage2JuliaGillard,aseducationministerandthenprimeminister,identifiedTheGonskireportonSchoolfunding,laterrenamedtheBetterSchoolsPlans,asoneofhercrowningachievements.BackedbytheAustralianEducationUnionandAustralia'scultural-lefteducationblob(atermcoinedbyBritain'sSecretaryofStateforEducation,MichaelGove),theargumentisthatGonskiwilldeliverexcellenceandequityineducationbymassivelyincreasinggovernmentexpenditure.TheGonskifundingmodel,involvingabaseleveloffundingknownasaSchoolResourcingStandardandadditionalloadingsrelatedtodisadvantageisalsolaudedasbringingclarity,transparencyandconsistencytoschoolfunding.Notso,asnotedbytheNationalCommissionofAudit,theflawsandweaknessesinthereportaremanifestandtherealityisthatthosewhohavebeencriticaloftheALP-inspiredapproachtoschoolfundinghavebeenprovencorrect.Undertheheading“Complexityofthefundingmodel”，section9.7AppendixVolume1，thestatementismadethat“newschoolfundingarrangementsarecomplex,inconsistentandlacktransparency.”Insteadofhavinganationalfundingmodel,wehaveasituationwherethestatesareterritoriesandcatholicandindependentschoolsectorshavetheirownapproachestoallocatingfundingtoschools.SomuchfortheargumentthattheGonskimodelrepresentsanimprovementontheHowardgovernment’ssupposedlyopaqueandinconsistentlyappliedsocio-economicstatus(SES)model.TheSchoolingResourceStandardisalsocriticizedfornotbeing“basedonadetailedanalysisofthecostofdeliveringeducation”andtheformulaemployedforquantifyingdisadvantageforusingfaultydataleadingtostudentsbeingmisidentifiedas“beinginsideoroutsidedefinitionsofeducationallydisadvantaged”.CitinginternationalresearchandananalysiscarriedoutbytheALPfederalmemberforFraser,AndrewLeigh,whenanacademicattheAustralianNationalUniversity,theauditreportalsoconcludesthereislittle,ifany,relationshipbetweenincreasedexpenditureandraisingstandardsMirroringtheargumentputbythecentreforIndependentStudies?JenniferBuckinghaminherschoolFundingonaBudget,theauditreportargues“increasingfundingdoesnotnecessarilyequatetobetterstudentoutcomes”.Ascommonsensesuggests,andcontrarytotheAustralianEducationUnion's“IGiveaGonski”campaignamoreeffectivewaytoraisestandardsistohavearigorouscurriculum,qualifiedandcommittedteachers,strongparentalengagementandschools,withinbroadguidelines,thathavetheflexibilitytomanagethemselves.Toapplaudthecommissionofaudit?sanalysisofschoolfundingshouldnotbetakenasunqualifiedsupport.Thesuggestionthatthestates,andmostlikelytheireducationdepartments,shouldcontrolhowfundingtoindependentschoolisallocatedisamistake.Stateschools,onthewhole,competeagainstnon-governmentschools,andallowingstategovernmentsortheireducationbureaucraciestodecidehowfundingisallocatedtoindependentschoolsrepresentsaconflictofinterest.Whichofthefollowingiscloseinmeaningto“committed”inparagraph9?A.EngagedB.DevotedC.RespectedD.Promised13.PassageTwoTherewasatimeinmylifewhenbeautymeantsomethingspecialto.me.IguessthatwouldhavebeenwhenIwasaboutsixorsevenyearsold，justseveralweeksormaybeamonthbeforetheorphanage(孤儿院)turnedmeintoanoldman.Iwouldgetupeverymorningattheorphanage,makemybedjustlikethelittlesoldierthatIhadbecomeandthenIwouldgetintooneofthetwostraightlinesandmarchtobreakfastwiththeothertwentyorthirtyboyswhoalsolivedinmydormitory.AfterbreakfastoneSaturdaymorningIreturnedtothedormitoryandsawthehouseparentchasingthebeautifulmonarchbutterflieswholivedbythehundredsinthebushesscatteredaroundtheorphanage.Icarefullywatchedashecaughtthesebeautifulcreatures,oneafteranother,andthentookthemfromthenetandthenstuckstraightpinsthroughtheirheadandwings,pinningthemontoaheavycardboardsheet.Howcruelitwastokillsomethingofsuchbeauty.Ihadwalkedmanytimesoutintothebushes,allbymyself,justsothebutterfliescouldlandonmyhead,faceandhandssoIcouldlookatthemupclose.Whenthetelephonerangthehouseparentlaidthelargecardboardpaperdownonthebackcement(水泥)stepandwentinsidetoanswerthephone.Iwalkeduptothecardboardandlookedattheonebutterflywhohehadjustpinnedtothelargepaper.ItwasstillmovingaboutsoIreacheddownandtoucheditonthewingcausingoneofthepinstofallout.Itstartedflyingaroundandaroundtryingtogetawaybutitwasstillpinnedbytheonewingwiththeotherstraightpin.Finallyitswingbrokeoffandthebutterflyfelltothegroundandjusttrembled.IpickedupthetomwingandthebutterflyandIspatonitswingandtriedtogetittostickbackonsoitcouldflyawayandbefreebeforethehouseparentcameback.Butitwouldnotstayonhim.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthehouseparent'spinningsomebutterfliesonthecardboard?________A.tolerantB.unconcernedC.disgustedD.discouraged14.Todeveloptheskilloflistening,theteacherasksthestudentstolearnseveralnewwordsthatwillappearinthelisteningpassageandpredictwhatthelisteningisabout.Whichstageisitatinlisteningclassnow?→←A.warmingupB.pre-listeningC.while-listeningD.post-listening15.Judgingfromherspeechesandbehaviors,Marryhasastrict_____.A.growthB.upbringingC.developmentD.cultivation第2卷一.单项选择题(共15题)1.Sixteenyearsago,EileenDoyle'shusband,anengineer,tookhisfourchildrenupforanearlymorningcupoftea,packedasmallcaseandwasneverseenorheardofagain.Eileenwasastonishedandinastateofdespair.Theyhadbeenahappyfamilyand,asfarassheknew,therehadbeennothingwrongwiththeirmarriage.Everydayoftheyearasmallgroupofmenandwomenquietlypackafewbelongingsandwithoutsomuchasanoteoragoodbyeclosethefrontdoorforthelasttime,leavingtheirdebts,theirworriesandtheirconfusedfamiliesbehindthem.Lastyear,morethan1,200menandnearlyasmanywomenwerereportedmissingfromhome-thehighestin15years.Manydidreturnhomewithinayear,butothersrejectedthepastcompletelyandarenowlivinganewlifesomewhereunderadifferentidentity.Tothoseleftbehindthisformofdesertionisaterribleblowtotheirprideandself-confidence.Eventhefinalityofdeathmightbepreferable.Atleastitdoesnotimplyrejectionorfailure.Worsethanthat,peoplecanbeleftwithanunfinishedmarriage,notknowingwhethertheywillhavetowaitsevenyearsbeforetheyarefreetostartafreshlife.ClinicalpsychologistPaulBrownbelievesmostdeparturesofthiskindtobewellplannedratherthanimpulsive."It'stypicalofthekindofpersonalitywhichseemsabletoignoreotherpeople'spainanddifficulties.Runningaway,likekillingyourself,isahighlyaggressiveact.Bycreatinganabsencethepeopleleftbehindfeelguilty,upsetandempty."Mostpeoplewholeavetheirfamiliesbehindthem→←.A.dosowithoutwarningB.dosobecauseoftheirdebtsC.comebackimmediatelyD.changetheirnames2.Accordingtotherecentreports，oneoftheanimals,→←crocodile,isin→←dangerofdyingout.A.the;theB.the;/C./;/D./;the3.Doyouwanttoseetheeffectsofglobalwarming?Thenheadnorth.WillStegerisgoingtotakeallofusthere.Steger,64,thefirstpersontomakeadogsledtriptotheNoahPole,isaveryfamousandadmiredpolarexplorer.He'sathomeinfrozenpartsoftheworldwherefewhumanseverstepon.Stegerisalsoadevotedenvironmentalistwhowasearlytoringthealarmbellonglobalwarming.HesawitseffectsfirsthandinfrequentpolarexpeditionstotheArcticandAntarctica.Stegerisabouttoleadateamofsixyoungadventurersona1,400-mile,60-day-longdogsledtripacrossEllesmereIsland,intheCanadianArctic.Theseaiceinthatregionshouldstillbefrozen."Wewanttotakeouraudiencetothefrontlinesofglobalwarming,"saysSteget.Theteamwillbeuploadingvideos,storiesandphotostothewebsiteglobal-warming,comastheymarchalong,allowingarmchairadventurer'sandkidsinclassroomstofollowtheirprogressdaytoday."Wecanactuallybringtheaudienceupthere,"Stegersays.Steger'steamwillincludesomealready-famousyoungexplorers.SamBranson,the22-year-oldsonofBritishairlinetycoon(大亨)RichardBranson,isanexperiencedArctictraveler.Alsoonthejourneywillbe27-year-oldNorwegianSigridEkran.Lastyear,EkranbecameonlythesecondwomaninhistorytowinRookie(新秀)oftheYearfortheIditarodSledDogRace.Whattheywillseemaybesurprising.EvenStegerdoesn'tknowexactlywhattoexpect.ClimatechangehasalreadyreshapedthegeographyoftheArctic,"Withinadecadeorless,it'sgoingtobeimpossibletoreachtheNorthPolebydogteam,withoutflotation(漂流),"saysSteger.Climatechangeishappening,butpeoplecanchangetoo.TheirwillingnesstochangewilldeterminetheshapeofEarth'sfuture.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe→←.A.TheArcticIsinDangerB.DiscoveriesoftheArcticC.SleddingThroughtheArcticD.ConsequencesofGlobalWarming4.Howcouldwepossiblythinkthatkeepinganimalsincagesinunnaturalenvironments-mostlyforentertainmentpurposesisfairandrespectful?Zooofficialssaytheyareconcernedaboutanimals.However,mostzoosremain"collections"ofinteresting"things"ratherthanprotectivehabitats.Zoosteachpeoplethatitisacceptabletokeepanimalsbored，lonely,andfarfromtheirnaturalhomes.Zoosclaimtoeducatepeopleandsaveendangeredspecies，butvisitorsleavezooswithouthavinglearnedanythingmeaningfulabouttheanimalsnaturalbehavior,intelligence,orbeauty.Zooskeepanimalsinsmallspacesorcages,andmostsignsonlymentionthespeciesname,diet,andnaturalrange.Theanimalsnormalbehaviorisseldomnoticedbecausezoosdon’tusuallytakecareoftheanimalsnaturalneeds.Theanimalsarekepttogetherinsmallspaces,withnoprivacyandlittleopportunityformentalandphysicalexercise.Thisresultsinunusualandself-destructivebehaviorcalledzoochosis.Aworld-widestudyofzoosfoundthatzoochosisiscommonamonganimalskeptinsmallspacesorcages.Anotherstudyshowedthatelephantsspend22percentoftheirtimemakingrepeatedheadmovementsorbitingcagebars,andbearsspend30percentoftheirtimewalkingbackandforth,asignofunhappinessandpain.Furthermore,mostanimalsinzoosarenotendangered.Captivebreedingofendangeredbigcats,Asianelephants,andotherspecieshasnotresultedintheirbeingsentbacktothewild.Zoostalkalotabouttheircaptivebreedingprogramsbecausetheydonotwantpeopletoworryaboutaspeciesdyingout.Infact,babyanimalsalsoattractalotofpayingcustomers.Haventweseenenoughcompetitionstonamebabyanimals?Actually,wewillsaveendangeredspeciesonlyifwesavetheirhabitatsandputanendtothereasonspeoplekillthem.Insteadofsupportingzoos,weshouldsupportgroupsthatworktoprotectanimalsnaturalhabitats. Althoughhearguesagainstzoos,theauthorwouldstillagreethat→

←.A.zooshavetokeepanimalsinsmallcagesB.mostanimalsinzoosareendangeredspeciesC.someendangeredanimalsarereproducedinzoosD.itsacceptabletokeepanimalsawayfromtheirhabitats5.ThemodeofoperationinpassinglawsintheU.S.Congresshasmany____butthereisnoattemptbeingmadetoimproveit.A.optionsB.solutionsC.advantagesD.drawbacks6.Thedressinthewindow→←hereyewhenshepassedit.A.attractedB.gotC.caughtD.met7.Hundredsofyearsago,lifewasharderthanitistoday.Peopledidn’thavemodernmachines.Therewasnomodemmedicine,either.Lifetodayhasbroughtnewproblems.Oneofthebiggestispollution.Waterpollutionhasmadeourriversandlakesdirty.Itkillsourfishandpollutesourdrinkingwater.Noisepollutionmakesustalklouderandbecomeangrymoreeasily.Airpollutionisthemostseriouskindofpollutiontoalllivingthingsintheworldcars,planesandfactoriesallpolluteouraireveryday.Sometimesthepollutedairissothickthatitislikeaquiltoveracity.Thiskindofquiltiscalledsmog.Manycountriesaremakingrulestofightpollution.Factoriesmustnowcleantheirwaterbeforeitisthrownaway,andtheymustn’tletdirtysmokegointotheair.Weneedtodomanyotherthings.Wecanputwastethingsinthedustbinanddonotthrowthemontheground.Wecangotoworkbybusorwithourfriendsinthesameear.Iftherearefewerpeopledriving,therewillbelesspollution.Rulesarenotenough.Everypersonmusthelptofightpollution.→←isthebiggestproblemintoday'slife.A.WaterpollutionB.AirpollutionC.NoisepollutionD.Pollution8.Morphemesthatrepresent“tense”,"number”,"gender”,"case”andsofortharecalled→←morphemes.A.intentionalB.freeC.boundD.derivational9.Theactivityof_____maymaximizethepossibilityofelicitingideas,wordsorconceptsfromstudentswhenitisfocusedonagiventopic.A.retellingB.assessingoutputC.brainstormingD.Comprehension10.Todistinguishsounds,studentsareencouragedtopractice_____.A.minimalpairsB.nasalexplosionC.consonantclustersD.incompleteexplosion11.Whichofthefollowingcorrectlydescribesthewordstress?→←A.Individual,inDividualism,IndividualiZationB.individual,individualism,IndividualiZationC.inDividual,indiviDualism,inDividualiZationD.individual,individualism,IndividuaLization12.WhichofthefollowingdescriptionofthesoundsegmentsisNOTcorrect?→←A.[m]bilabialnasalB.[m]alveolarapproximantC.[h]glottalfricativeD.[l]alveolarlateral13.Therearetwofactorswhichdetermineanindividual’sintelligence.Thefirstisthesortofbrainheisbomwith.Humanbrainsdifferconsiderably,somebeingmorecapablethanothers.Butnomatterhowgoodabrainhehastobeginwith,anindividualwillhavealoworderofintelligenceunlesshehasopportunitiestolearn.Sothesecondfactoriswhathappenstotheindividual——thesortofenvironmentinwhichheisbroughtup.ifanindividualishandicappedenvironmentally,itislikelythathisbrainwillfailtodevelopandhewillneverattainthelevelofintelligenceofwhichheiscapable.Theimportanceofenvironmentindetermininganindividual’sintelligencecanbedemonstratedbytheeasehistoryoftheidenticaltwins,PeterandMark.Beingidentical,thetwinshadidenticalbrainsatbirth,andtheirgrowthprocesseswerethesame.Whenthetwinswerethreemonthsold,theirparentsdied,andtheywereplacedinseparatefosterhomes.Peterwasraisedbyparentsoflowintelligenceinanisolatedcommunitywithpooreducationalopportunities.Markwasrearedinthehomeofwell-to-doparentswhohadbeentocollege.Hewasreadtoasachild,senttogoodschools,andgiveneveryopportunitytobestimulatedintellectually.Thisenvironmentaldifferencecontinueduntilthetwinswereintheirlateteens,whentheyweregiventeststomeasuretheirintelligence.Mark’sI.Q.was125,twenty-fivepointshigherthantheaverageandfullyfortypointshigherthanhisidenticalbrother.Givenequalopportunities,thetwins,havingidenticalbrains,wouldhavetestedatroughlythesamelevel.Thispassagesuggeststhatanindividual’sI.Q.→←A.canbepredictedatbirthB.staysthesamethroughouthislifeC.canbeincreasedbyeducationD.isdeterminedbyhischildhood14.WhereisLove?HowcanwefindLove?Thepastagesofmanhaveallbeencarefullylabeledbyanthropologists.Descriptionslike"PaleolithicMan","NeolithicMan",etc.,neatlysumupthewholeperiods.Whenthetimecomesforanthropologiststoturntheirattentiontothetwentiethcentury,theywillsurelychoosethelabel"LeglessMan".Historiesofthetimewillgosomethinglikethis."Inthetwentiethcentury,peopleforgoth