2023年考研考博考博英语中国矿业大学考试高频考点参考题库答案

2023年考研考博考博英语中国矿业大学考试高频考点参考题库带答案（图片大小可自由调整）答案解析附后第1卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题Printmakingisthegenerictermforanumberofprocesses,ofwhichwoodcutandengravingaretwoprimeexamples.Printsaremadebypressingasheetofpaper(orothermaterial)againstanimage-bearingsurfacetowhichinkhasbeenapplied.Whenthepaperisremoved,theimageadherestoit,butinreverse.ThewoodcuthadbeenusedinChinafromthefifthcenturyA.D.forapplyingpatternstotextiles.TheprocesswasnotintroducedintoEuropeuntilthefourteenthcentury,firstfortextiledecorationandthenforprintingonpaper.Woodcutsarecreatedbyareliefprocess;first,theartisttakesablockofwood,whichhasbeensawedparalleltothegrain,coversitwithawhiteground,andthendrawstheimageinink.Thebackgroundiscarvedaway,leavingthedesignareaslightlyraised.Thewoodblockisinked,andtheinkadherestotheraisedimage.Itisthentransferredtodamppapereitherbyhandorwithaprintingpress.Engraving,whichgrewoutofthegoldsmith'sart,originatedinGermanyandnorthernItalyinthemiddleofthefifteenthcentury.Itisanintaglioprocess(fromItalianintagliare,“tocarve”).Theimageisincisedintoahighlypolishedmetalplate,usuallycopper,withacuttinginstrument,orburin.Theartistinkstheplateandwipesitcleansothatsomeinkremainsintheincisedgrooves.Animpressionismadeondamppaperinaprintingpress,withsufficientpressurebeingappliedsothatthepaperpicksuptheink.Bothwoodcutandengravinghavedistinctivecharacteristics.Engravinglendsitselftosubtlemodelingandshadingthroughtheuseoffinelines.Hatchingandcross-hatchingdeterminethedegreeoflightandshadeinaprint.Woodcutstendtobemorelinear,withsharpercontrastsbetweenlightanddark.Printmakingiswellsuitedtotheproductionofmultipleimages.Asetofmultiplesiscalledanedition.Bothmethodscanyieldseveralhundredgood-qualityprintsbeforetheoriginalblockorplatebeginstoshowsignsofwear.Massproductionofprintsinthesixteenthcenturymadeimagesavailable,atalowercost,toamuchbroaderpublicthanbefore.1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?2.Theauthor’spurposesinparagraph2aretodescribe（

）.3.Theword“incised”inline15isclosestinmeaningto（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whatdowoodcutandengravinghaveincommon?5.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingaretrueaboutprintsEXCEPTthatthey（

）.问题1选项A.Theoriginsoftextiledecoration.B.Thecharacteristicsofgood-qualityprints.C.Twotypesofprintmaking.D.Typesofpaperusedinprintmaking.问题2选项A.thewoodcutsfoundinChinainthefifthcenturyB.theuseofwoodcutsinthetextileindustryC.theprocessinvolvedincreatingawoodcutD.theintroductionofwoodcutstoEurope问题3选项A.burnedB.cutC.framedD.baked问题4选项A.Theirdesignsareslightlyraised.B.Theyachievecontrastthroughhatchingandcross-hatching.C.TheywerefirstusedinEurope.D.Theyallowmultiplecopiestobeproducedfromoneoriginal.问题5选项A.canbereproducedonmaterialsotherthanpaperB.arecreatedfromareversedimageC.showvariationsbetweenlightanddarkshadesD.requireaprintingpress2.单选题A(n)（

）testisaroughmeasureofachild’scapacityforlearning,particularlyforlearningthekindsofthingsrequiredatschool.问题1选项A.proficiencyB.intelligenceC.psychologyD.speed3.单选题Arroganceandpridearesimilarinmeaning,butthereisa(n)（

）differencebetweenthem.问题1选项A.submergedB.indecisiveC.indistinctD.subtle4.单选题InDeathValley,California,oneofthehottest,mostaridplacesinNorthAmerica,thereismuchsalt,andsaltcandamagerocksimpressively.Inhabitantsofareaselsewhere,wherestreetsandhighwaysareslatedtocontrolice,arefamiliarwiththeresultingrustanddeteriorationoncars.Thatatteststothechemicallycorrosivenatureofsalt,butitisnotthewaysaltdestroysrocks.Saltbreaksrocksapartprincipallybyaprocesscalledcrystalpryingandwedging.Thishappensnotbysoakingtherocksinsaltwater,butbymoisteningtheirbottomswithsaltwater.SuchconditionsexistinmanyareasalongtheeasternedgeofcentralDeathValley.There,saltywaterrisesfromthegroundwatertablebycapillaryactionthroughtinyspacesinsedimentuntilitreachesthesurface.Moststoneshavecapillarypassagesthatsucksaltwaterfromthewetground.DeathValleyprovidesanultra-dryatmosphereandhighdailytemperatures,whichpromoteevaporationandtheformationofsaltcrystalsalongthecracksorotheropeningswithinstones.Thesecrystalsgrowaslongassaltwaterisavailable.Liketreerootsbreakingupasidewalk,thegrowingcrystalsexertpressureontherockandeventuallyprytherockapartalongplanesofweakness,suchasbandinginmetamorphicrocks,beddinginsedimentaryrocks,orpreexistingorincipientfractions,andalongboundariesbetweenindividualmineralcrystalsorgrains.Besidescrystalgrowth,theexpansionofhalitecrystals(thesameaseverydaytablesalt)byheatingandofsulfatesandsimilarsaltsbyhydrationcancontributeadditionalstresses.Arockdurableenoughtohavewithstoodnaturalconditionsforaverylongtimeinotherareascouldprobablybeshatteredintosmallpiecesbysaltweatheringwithinafewgenerations.ThedominantsaltinDeathValleyishalite,orsodiumchloride,butothersalts,mostlycarbonatesandsulfates,alsocausepryingandwedging,asdoesordinaryice.Weatheringbyavarietyofsalts,thoughoftensubtle,isaworldwidephenomenon.Notrestrictedtoaridregions.Intensesaltweatheringoccursmostlyinsalt-richplacesliketheseashore,nearthelargesalinelakesintheDryValleysofAntarctica,andindesertsectionsofAustralia,NewZealandandcentralAsia.1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?2.Inlines13-17,whydoestheauthorcomparetreerootswithgrowingsaltcrystals?3.Theword“shattered”inline20isclosestinmeaningto（

）.4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrueabouttheeffectsofsaltsonrocks?5.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutrocksthatarefoundinareaswhereiceiscommon?问题1选项A.Thedestructiveeffectsofsaltonrocks.B.TheimpressivesaltrocksinDeathValley.C.TheamountofsaltproducedinDeathValley.D.Thedamagingeffectsofsaltonroadsandhighways.问题2选项A.Theybothforcehardsurfacestocrack.B.Theybothgrowaslongaswaterisavailable.C.Theybothreactquicklytoariseintemperature.D.Theybothcausesaltywatertorisefromthegroundwatertable.问题3选项A.arrangedB.dissolvedC.brokenapartD.gatheredtogether问题4选项A.Onlytwotypesofsaltscausepryingandwedging.B.Saltsusuallycausedamageonlyincombinationwithice.C.Avarietyofsaltsinallkindsofenvironmentscancauseweathering.D.SaltdamageattheseashoreismoreseverethansaltdamageinDeathValley.问题5选项A.Theyareprotectedfromweathering.B.Theydonotallowcapillaryactionofwater.C.TheyshowsimilarkindsofdamageasrocksinDeathValley.D.Theycontainmorecarbonatesthansulfates.5.单选题Theawfultruthabouttoxicwastedumpingintheirneighborhood（

）manycommunitymembers.问题1选项A.informedB.appeasedC.provokedD.deceived6.翻译题Environmentalismis,inthesocialsciences,anytheorythatconcernstheimportanceofenvironmentalfactorsinthedevelopmentofcultureandsociety.Thetheoryofenvironmentaldeterminismstatesthatthephysicalmilieuofapeople,includingnaturalresources,climate,andgeography,isthemajordeterminingfactorintheformationoftheirculture.Determinismtherebyrejectshistoryandtradition,socialandeconomicfactors,andotheraspectsofcultureasexplanationsofsocialdevelopment.Contemporaryenvironmentalistsrecognizethatphysicalsurroundingsareonlypartofatotalenvironmentthatincludessocialandeconomicfactorsculturaltradition,andreciprocalinfluencesbetweensocietiesandtheirenvironment.7.单选题Theboydivedintothewaterandafter（

）seemedtobealongtime,hecameupagain.问题1选项A.whatB.thatC.itD.which8.单选题Hebasedhisconclusiononwhathe（

）fromtheevidence,notonwhatheactuallyobserved.问题1选项A.intuitedB.imaginedC.inferredD.implied9.单选题Themayor（

）hisspeechtosuitthecrowdofhomelesspeoplegatheredinhisoffice.问题1选项A.intonedB.expandedC.tailoredD.shortened10.单选题Mentalandphysicalhealthprofessionalsmayconsiderreferringclientsandpatientstoamusictherapistforanumberofreasons.Itseemsaparticularlygoodchoiceforthesocialworkerwhoiscoordinatingaclient’scase.Musictherapistsusemusictoestablisharelationshipwiththepatientandtoimprovethepatient’shealth,usinghighlystructuredmusicalinteractions.Patientsandtherapistsmaysing,playinstruments,andcomposemusic,dance,orsimplylistentomusic,dance,orsimplylistentomusic.Thecourseoftrainingformusictherapistsiscomprehensive.Inadditiontotheirformalmusicalandtherapytraining,musictherapistsaretaughttodiscernwhatkindsofinterventionswillbemostbeneficialforeachindividualpatient.Sinceeachpatientisdifferentandhasdifferentgoals,themusictherapistmustbeabletounderstandthePatient’ssituationandchoosethemusicandactivitiesthatwilldothemosttowardhelpingthepatientachievehisorhergoals.Thereferringsocialworkercanhelpthisprocessbyclearlyarticulatingeachclient'shistory.Althoughpatientsmaydeveloptheirmusicalskills,thatisnotthemaingoalofmusictherapy.Anyclientwhoneedsparticularworkoncommunicationoronacademic,—emotionalandsocialskills,andwhoisnotrespondingtotraditionaltherapy,isanexcellentcandidateformusictherapy.1.Whichofthefollowingbestorganizesthemaintopicsaddressedinthispassage?2.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthispassage?3.Accordingtoinformationpresentedinthepassage,musictherapycanbeprescribedforsocialworkclientswho（

）.4.Whichofthefollowinginferencescanbedrawnfromthepassage?问题1选项A.ITheroleofmusictherapyinsocialworkIILocatingamusictherapistIIIHowtotrainmusictherapistsB.IUsingmusicintherapyIIAtypicalmusictherapyinterventionIIIWhentoprescribemusictherapyforsociopathsC.IMusictherapyandsocialworkIITrainingformusictherapistsIIISkillsaddressedbymusictherapyD.IHowtochooseamusictherapistIIWhentorefertoamusictherapistIIIWhobenefitsthemostfrommusictherapy问题2选项A.HowtoUseMusictoCombatDepressionB.MusicTherapy:ARoleinSocialWork?C.TrainingforaCareerinMusicTherapyD.TheSocialWorkerasMusicTherapist问题3选项A.needtodevelopcopingskillsB.wereorphanedaschildrenC.needtoresolvefamilyissuesD.needtoimprovesocialskills问题4选项A.Musictherapycansucceedwheretraditionaltherapieshavefailed.B.Musictherapyisarelativelynewfield.C.Musictherapyisparticularlybeneficialforyoungchildren.D.Musictherapyisonlyappropriateinalimitednumberofcircumstances.11.翻译题TranslatethefollowingintoChinese

Itwouldbewrongtoidentifytherealwomanwiththetypicalwildonewho,afteradifficultchildhood,haslefthomeearlytolivebyherwitsattheexpenseofmen.Thewildwomanisincapableeitheroffriendshipforotherwomenwhomshecannotfailtoregardasrivals,orofloveforaman,herdeclaredenemy.Butatleastshekeepshereyesopenandridiculestheviewthatwomenmustenthusiasticallyacceptthisgloriousmodemworldofplentybestowedonthembytheirhard-workingmenfolk,andthattheyenjoybeingpassionatelysweptofftheirfeetandafterwardstreatedwithamusedindulgence.Therewasnever,ofcourse,anytruthinthecomic-striplegendofaprimitivehe-manwhowouldgrabhiswomanbythehair,threatenherwithaknobbedclubifsherefusedhisadvancesandhaulheroffpuntingecstaticallytohiscave.Throughallofourhistorywehaveponderedthestarsandmusedwhetherhumanityisuniqueorif,somewhereelseinthedarkofthenightsky,thereareanyotherbeingswhocontemplateandwonderaswedo,fellowthinkersinthecosmos.Suchbeingsmightviewthemselvesandtheuniversedifferently.Theremightbeveryexoticbiologiesandtechnologiesandsocieties.Inacosmicsettingvastandoldbeyondordinaryhumanunderstanding,wearealittlelonely,andwepondertheultimatesignificance,ifany,ofourtinybutexquisiteblueplanet.Thesearchforextraterrestrialintelligenceisthesearchforagenerallyacceptablecosmiccontextforthehumanspecies.Inthedeepestsense,thesearchforextraterrestrialintelligenceisasearchforourselves.Alongwiththegrowingdedicationtoaserioussearch,aslightlynegativenotehasemergedwhichisneverthelessveryinteresting.Afewscientistshavelatelyaskedacuriousquestion:ifextraterrestrialintelligenceisabundant,whyhavewenotalreadyseenitsmanifestations?12.单选题It’squiteobviousthattheagingpopulationinChinawillcause（

）heavypressureon（

）wholesocietyinthefuture.问题1选项A.a;aB.the;/C.a;theD./;the13.单选题Apersonwithhishead-in-the-cloudsisadreamer;（

）mindisnotintherealworld.问题1选项A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.ofwhom14.单选题Ininternationalbankingtoday,abankmusthaveadeep（

）intointernationalfinancialmarkets.问题1选项A.ideaB.understandingC.knowledgeD.insight15.单选题Clearlyifwearetoparticipateinthesocietyinwhichwelive,wemustcommunicatewithotherpeople.Agreatdealofcommunicatingisperformedonaperson-to-personbasisbythesimplemeansofspeech.Ifwetravelinbuses,buythingsinshops,oreatinrestaurants,wearelikelytohaveconversationswherewegiveinformationoropinions,receivenewsorcomment,andverylikelyhaveourviewschallengedbyothermembersofsociety.Face-to-facecontactisbynomeanstheonlyformofcommunication,andduringthelasttwohundredyearstheartofmasscommunicationhasbecomeoneofthedominatingfactorsofcontemporarysociety.Twothings,aboveothers,havecausedtheenormousgrowthofthecommunicationindustry.Firstly,inventivenesshasledtoadvancesinprinting,telecommunications,photography,radioandtelevision.Secondly,speedhasrevolutionizedthetransmissionandreceptionofcommunicationssothatlocalnewsoftentakesabackseattonationalnews,whichitselfisoftenalmosteclipsedbyinternationalnews.Nolongeristhepossessionofinformationconfinedtoaprivilegedminority.Inthelastcentury,thewealthymanwithhisownlibrarywasindeedfortunate,buttodaytherearepubliclibraries.Fortyyearsago,peopleusedtoflocktothecinema,butnowfarmorepeoplesitathomeandturnontheTVtowatchaprogrammethatisbeingchanneledintomillionsofhomes.Communicationisnolongermerelyconcernedwiththetransmissionofinformation.Themoderncommunicationindustryinfluencesthewaypeopleliveinsocietyandbroadenstheirhorizonsbyallowingaccesstoinformation,educationandentertaining.Theprinting,broadcastingandadvertisingindustriesareallinvolvedwithinforming,educatingandentertaining.Althoughagreatdealofthematerialcommunicatedbythemassmediaisveryvaluabletotheindividualandtothesocietyofwhichheisapart,thevastmodernnetworkofcommunicationsisopentoabuse.However,themassmediaarewithusforbetter,forworse,andthereisnoturningback.1.Inthefirstparagraphthewriteremphasizesthe（

）offace-to-facecontactinsocialsettings.2.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECT?4.Fromthelastparagraphwecaninferthatthewriteris（

）.

问题1选项A.natureB.limitationC.usefulnessD.creativity问题2选项A.localnewsusedtobetheonlysourceofinformationB.localnewsstilltakesasignificantplaceC.nationalnewsisbecomingmorepopularD.internationalnewsisthefastesttransmittednews问题3选项A.Topossessinformationusedtobeaprivilege.B.Publiclibrarieshavereplacedprivatelibraries.C.Communicationmeansmorethantransmission.D.Informationinfluenceswaysoflifeandthinking.问题4选项A.indifferenttoharmfulinfluenceofthemassmediaB.happyaboutthedrasticchangesinthemassmediaC.pessimisticaboutthefutureofthemassmediaD.concernedaboutthewronguseofthemassmedia16.填空题Mostparents,Isuppose,havehadtheexperienceofreadingabedtimestorytotheir（1）.Andtheymusthave（2）

howdifficultitistowriteagoodchildren'sbook.Eithertheauthorhasaimedtoo（3）

,sothatthechildrencan'tfollowwhatisinhis(ormoreoften,her)story,

（4）

thestoryseemstobetalkingtothereaders.Thebestchildren'sbooksareneitherverydifficultnorverysimple,andsatisfyboththechildrenwho（5）

thestoryandtheadultwho（6）

it.Unfortunately,thereareinfact

（7）

bookslikethis,sotheproblemoffindingtherightbedtimestoryisnot（8）

tosolve.Thismaybewhymanyofbooksregardedasworksofchildren'sliteraturewereinfactwrittenfor（9）

.“Alice'sAdventureinWonderland”isperhapsthemostobviousofthis.Children,leftforthemselves,often

（10）

theworstpossibleinterestinliterature.Justleaveachildinbookshopor（11）

andhewillmorewillinglychoosethebookswritteninanimaginativeway,orhavea

（12）

atmostchildren'scomics,fullofthestoriesandjokeswhicharetheobjectionsofteachersandright-thinkingparents.Perhapsweparentsshould

（13）

tryingtobrainwashchildrenintoacceptingourtasteinliterature.Afterallchildrenandadultsareso（14）

thatweparentsshouldnotexpectthattheywillenjoythe（15）

books.SoIsupposewe'lljusthavetocompromiseoverthatbedtimestory.17.单选题Shethrewherselfintoherstudieswithsuch（

）energythatsheenteredtheUniversityattheageof16andgraduatedat20.问题1选项A.completedB.performedC.concentratedD.practiced18.单选题Anothertrendofthe1990sinthecomputerindustryistowardmultimediaformats,asthemarketforconventionaltypesofcomputer—thosethathavecomputationanddataprocessingastheirmajorfunctions—hasbeguntobecomesaturated.Multimediacomputersaresystemsthatcanprocessgraphics,sound,video,andanimationinadditiontotraditionaldataprocessing,Videocassetterecorders,televisions,telephones,andaudiocassetteplayershaverecentlyundergoneachangeintechnologyfromanalogtodigitalformats.Televisionimages,forexample,canbeprocessedbycomputerprogramsoncetheyhavebeenconvertedtodigitalsignals,whilethoseinconventionalanalogsignalscannot.Inotherwords,digitalvideoimagescanbezoomedupordown,reshaped,orrearrangedbytheappropriatesoftware.Also,duetoadvancesinvideo-signalcompressiontechnology,thememoryspacerequiredforstoringavideoprogramhasbeengreatlyreduced.Multimediahasimportantapplicationsforconsumerproductsandforbusinessneeds.Videoscenesthatarecapturedbycamcorderscanbecombinedwithtext,sound,anddataandcanbeviewedontelevisionsetsinhomes,schools,oroffices.Thesemultimediapresentationsarebecomingusefuleducationalandcommercialtools.Forexample,thereareavailableencyclopediasthatcontainvideoprogramsdepictinganimalbehavior,geoinorphicprocessing,andothernaturalphenomena.Automobilemechanicscanwatchvideosthatdemonstratehowtorepairnewmodels.Inbusinessapplications,documentscanbeannotatedwithvoiceorvideo.Newconsumerproductscanbemoreeffectivelymarketedbydemonstratinghowtheycanbeused.CD-ROMsofnumerousothersubjectshavebeenrecentlypublished;allofthemcanbeviewedonTVmonitorsusingmultimediacomputers.Thesemultimediacomputersystemscan,inturn,beincorporatedintocomputernetworks,enhancingtheeffectivenessofcommunication.Thismultitudeofnewproductsandcapabilitieshasbeenmadepossiblebythetremendousprogressofmicroprocessortechnology.Becauseoftheadvancesinthisarea,personalcomputershavebecomemorepowerful,smaller,andlessexpensive,whichhasenabledcomputernetworkstoproliferate.Manyofthetasksthatweretraditionallyperformedbymainframeshavebeentransferredtopersonalcomputersconnectedtocommunicationsnetworks.Althoughthemainframe,continuestobeproducedandservesausefulpurpose,ithasbeenusedmoreoftenasoneofmanydifferentcomputersandperipheraldevicesconnectedtocomputernetworks.Inthisnewrole,thefunctionofmainframesaspowerfulprocessorsofdatabasesystemsisbecomingimportant,and,asaresult,massivelyparallelcomputerswithhundredsorthousandsofmicroprocessorsarebeingproduced.Inadditiontobeingpowerful,themicroprocessorsusedforthispurposemustbeinexpensivebutlowcostscanbeachievedonlyiftheyaremass-produced.Throughouttheworld,morethan100,000,000personalcomputersand500,000workstationsareinuse,whereasonlyseveralhundredsupercomputersareinoperation;thenumbersofmainframesandminicomputersfallsomewherebetweenthoseofsupercomputersandworkstations.Becauseofsuchhigh-volumeproduction,microprocessorsforpersonalcomputersorworkstationstendtobeinexpensiveandareavailableforuseinmassivelyparallelcomputersaswell.1.Multimediacomputers（

）.2.Theunderlinedword“annotated”inthesecondparagraphmostprobablymeans（

）.

3.Accordingtothispassage,（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingisapropertitleforthispassage?问题1选项A.canprocessanythingbutdigitaldataB.canevenprocesstelevisionimagesC.arerarelyusedineducationD.havefewbusinessapplications问题2选项A.explainedB.forwardedC.preparedD.presented问题3选项A.themarketformultimediacomputershasbecomesaturatedB.mostmainframeshavebeentransformedintopersonalcomputersC.mostpersonalcomputershavebecomemuchmorepowerfulthanmainframesD.thelowcostsofmicroprocessorshavebeenachievedthankstothehigh-volumeproduction问题4选项A.MultimediaComputersB.MicroprocessorTechnologyC.ComputerNetworksD.ChangingRoleofComputers19.翻译题Scientistsstudytheworldinwhichwelive.Theydothisbycuriosityandtheycanbecomeexciteduponmakingnoveldiscoveriesandbyfindingmeanstoexplainyetunsolvedquestions.Butscientistsarenormallynotselfish;theyliketosharetheirexcitementwithotherpeople.Theypublishtheirfindingssothatthesebecomewidelyaccessibletoallthoseinterested.Infact,theycommunicatetheirresultsalsointheirowninterest.Scientistsareeagertotalkwithotherscientistsworkingonthesameandsimilarproblems.Byexchangingresultsandideas,theyhaveabetterchanceofsuccessandtheycanreachtheirgoalmorerapidly.Mostoftentheobjectivesoftheirstudy,beingitinthefieldsofphysics,chemistryorbiology,sharethesamepropertiesanywhereintheworld.ThelawsofnaturearethesameinEuropeandinChina.Forthissimplereasonthedialoguebetweenscientistsdoesnotstopatpoliticalborders.Whereverintheworldascientistfindsacolleagueexploringthesameproblem,anexchangeoftheirknowledgecanhelpthemtoadvancetheirstudies.Forthesereasonsinternationalcollaborationbetweenscientistsisflourishing.Thereareagreatmanypeoplewhohaveallthematerialconditionsofhappiness,i.e.healthandasufficientincome,andwho,nevertheless,areprofoundlyunhappy.Insuchcasesitwouldseemasifthefaultmustliewithawrongtheoryastohowtolive.Inonesense,wemaysaythatanytheoryastohowtoliveiswrong.Weimagineourselvesmoredifferentfromtheanimalsthanweare.Animalsliveonimpulse,andarehappyaslongasexternalconditionsarefavorable.Ifyouhaveacat,itwillenjoylifeifithasfoodandwarmthandopportunitiesforanoccasionalnightonthetiles.Yourneedsaremorecomplexthanthoseofyoucat,buttheystillhavetheirbasisininstinct.Incivilizedsocieties,especiallyinEnglish-speakingsocieties,thisistooapttobeforgotten.Peopleproposetothemselvessomeparamountobjective,andrestrainallimpulsesthatdonotministertoit.20.单选题Afteryou’vestartedtomasterthetechniques,therealstruggleisjustbeginning.It’s（

）thatmakesyougreat.问题1选项A.persistenceB.insistenceC.continuationD.mentality第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。题目问的是“文章主要讨论的问题是什么”。文章第一段第一句为文章的中心句：版画是一系列工艺的总称，其中木刻和雕刻是两个主要的例子（Printmakingisthegenerictermforanumberofprocesses,ofwhichwoodcutandengravingaretwoprimeexamples），接下来的内容都是在讲述木刻与雕刻，所以选项C“版画的两种”符合题意。2.推理判断题。题目问的是“第二段的目的是为了描述……”。文章第二段介绍了木刻的来源：公元五世纪中国开始采用，主要用于纺织；十四世纪传入欧洲。然后介绍了木刻工艺的具体流程，因此选项C符合题意。3.词义题。题目问的是“单词incised与哪个词的意思最接近”。文章第三段提到“图片被……进一块高度抛光的金属板”（Theimageisincisedintoahighlypolishedmetalplate），由此可以推测出incised有“雕刻”的意思。选项B符合题意。4.推理判断题。题目问的是“根据文章内容可知，木刻与雕刻的共同点是什么”。文章最后一段提到“版画很适合多图制作”（Printmakingiswellsuitedtotheproductionofmultipleimages），可知选项D符合题意。5.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章内容，下列关于出版哪项是错误的”。文章第二段提到木刻起源于中国，用于纺织，由此可知选项A描述正确，排除；文章第一段提到“当纸被拿掉时，图像会附着在纸上，但是方向是相反的”（Whenthepaperisremoved,theimageadherestoit,butinreverse），由此可知选项B描述正确，排除；文章第一段提到“印刷是把一张纸（或其他材料）压在一个装有油墨的承载图像的表面上”（Printsaremadebypressingasheetofpaper(orothermaterial)againstanimage-bearingsurfacetowhichinkhasbeenapplied），由此可知选项D描述正确，排除。综上，选项C符合题意。2.【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：智力测试是对儿童学习能力的大致评估，尤其是对学校所要求的科目的学习能力。proficiency“熟练度”；intelligence“智力”；psychology“心理学”；speed“速度”。根据句意，选项B符合题意。3.【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：傲慢与骄傲字面上意思接近，但是二者有细微的区别。submerged“水下的”；indecisive“犹豫不决的”；indistinct“模糊的”；subtle“微妙的，细微的”。根据句意，选项D符合题意。4.【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:C第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。题目问的是“文章主要讨论什么”。文章主要讲述了加州死亡谷的盐对岩石的破坏作用（InDeathValley,California,oneofthehottest,mostaridplacesinNorthAmerica,thereismuchsalt,andsaltcandamagerocksimpressively），由此可知选项A符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“在第13-17行中，作者为什么将树根与不断增长的盐晶体进行比较”。文章第二段提到“就像树根凿开人行道一样，不断生长的晶体对岩石施加压力，最终沿着岩石柔软的那面撬开”（Liketreerootsbreakingupasidewalk,thegrowingcrystalsexertpressureontherockandeventuallyprytherockapartalongplanesofweakness），说明二者都能使坚硬的表面裂开，选项A符合题意。3.词义题。题目问的是“shattered与哪个词（组）意思最接近”。文章第二段最后一句话提到“在其他地区，一块岩石能够经受住很长时间的自然条件，但是它在几代人的时间内就可能被盐风化成碎片”（Arockdurableenoughtohavewithstoodnaturalconditionsforaverylongtimeinotherareascouldprobablybeshatteredintosmallpiecesbysaltweatheringwithinafewgenerations），由此可知shattered有“砸碎、粉碎”的意思，选项C符合题意。4.细节判断题。题目问的是“根据文章内容可知，关于盐对岩石的影响下列哪个表述是正确的？”文章最后一段提到风化是一个世界性普遍的现象，不局限于某个地方(Weatheringbyavarietyofsalts,thoughoftensubtle,isaworldwidephenomenon.Notrestrictedtoaridregions)，由此可知选项C“不同环境不同种类的盐都能引起风化”符合题意。5.推理判断题。题目问的是“关于在有冰的地方发现岩石，下列哪项能够从文章中获得”。文章最后一段提到“其他地方的盐，主要是碳酸盐和硫酸盐，也会像普通的冰