重庆市乌江新高考协作体2022-2023学年高一下学期7月期末英语试题（解析版）

2022-2023学年(下)期末学业质量联合调研抽测高一英语试题(分数：120分，时间：100分钟)第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AFourPlacesNamedAfterScientistsinAntarcticaTherearemanyscientificbreakthroughsmadebywomeninAntarctic.HerearefourlandmarksinAntarcticaandthefemalepioneersthey’renamedfor.JonesTerrace(梯田)Theice-freeterraceineasternAntarctica’sVictoriaLandbearsJones’name.In1969,geochemistLoisM.Jonesledthefirstall-femaleresearchteamfromtheU.S.toworkinAntarctica.JonesandherteamstudiedchemicalweatheringintheMcMurdoDryValleys,anice-freeareaofAntarctica.Throughchemicalanalysesofrockstheyhadcollected,Jonesandherteamdiscoveredmanygeochemicalcharacteristicsofthevalley’sice-coveredlakes.MountFiennes8,202-foot-highMountFiennes,locatedonAntarctica’slargestisland—AlexanderIsland—isnamedforGinnyFiennes.Sheestablishedandmaintained80-foot-tallradiotowersintheAntarctic.In1985,FiennesbecamethefirstfemalewhowasinvitedtojointheAntarcticClub,aBritishsupperclubopentoindividualswhohavespentextendedtimeintheAntarcticregion.FrancisPeakThe3,727-foot-tallpeakonAntarctica’sAdelaideIslandisnamedafterDameJaneFrancis,whoisthefirstfemaledirectoroftheBritishAntarcticSurvey,thenationalpolarresearchinstituteoftheUK.HercollectionoffossilsonSeymourIslandhelpedconcludeina2021paperthatAntarctica’sabundantplantfossilsindicatethecontinentoncehadamuchwarmerclimatethanitcurrentlydoes.PedenCliffsPedenCliffsnearAntarctica’sMarieByrdLandareproofofthelaborofIrenePeden.ShewasthefirstAmericanfemalescientisttobothliveandworkintheAntarctic,wheresheusedradiowavestostudyicesheets.Pedenandherteamdeterminedhowverylowfrequencyradiowavesspreadoverlongpolardistancesbymeasuringpathwaysintheice.TheyalsousedvaryingradiowavefrequenciestomeasurethethicknessofAntarctica’sicesheets.1.WhichplaceisnamedafterabuilderofradiotowersintheAntarctic?A.JonesTerrace. B.MountFiennes.C.FrancisPeak. D.PedenCliffs.2.WhoprovedtheprevioushighertemperaturesoftheAntarctic?A.LoisM.Jones. B.GinnyFiennes.C.DameJaneFrancis. D.IrenePeden.3.WhatisspecialaboutIrenePeden?A.ShecouldjudgethethicknessofAntarctica’sicesheets.B.Shediscoveredalotofice-coveredlakesintheAntarctic.C.ShewasthefirstfemaleAmericantoexploretheAntarctic.D.Shecorrectlymeasuredthespreadingspeedofradiowaves.【答案】1.B2.C3.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了南极洲四个以做出科学突破的女性科学家命名的地标。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据MountFiennes部分中“8,202-foot-highMountFiennes,locatedonAntarctica’slargestisland—AlexanderIsland—isnamedforGinnyFiennes.Sheestablishedandmaintained80-foot-tallradiotowersintheAntarctic.(8202英尺高的Fiennes山位于南极洲最大的岛屿——亚历山大岛上，以GinnyFiennes的名字命名。她在南极洲建立并维护了80英尺高的无线电发射塔)”可知，Fiennes山是以南极洲无线电发射塔建造者GinnyFiennes的名字命名的。故选B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据FrancisPeak部分中“HercollectionoffossilsonSeymourIslandhelpedconcludeina2021paperthatAntarctica’sabundantplantfossilsindicatethecontinentoncehadamuchwarmerclimatethanitcurrentlydoes.(她在西摩岛收集的化石帮助她在2021年的一篇论文中得出结论：南极洲丰富的植物化石表明，该大陆曾经有过比现在温暖得多的气候)”可知，DameJaneFrancis证明了南极洲以前有过更高的温度。故选C项。3题详解】细节理解题。根据PedenCliffs部分中“TheyalsousedvaryingradiowavefrequenciestomeasurethethicknessofAntarctica’sicesheets.(他们还使用不同的无线电波频率来测量南极洲冰盖的厚度)”可知，IrenePeden的特别之处在于她可以判断南极洲冰盖的厚度。故选A项。BAscitiesballoonwithgrowth,accesstonatureforpeoplelivinginurbanareasisbecominghardertofind.Ifyou’relucky,theremightbeapocketparknearwhereyoulive,butit’sunusualtofindplacesinacitythatarerelativelywild.Pastresearchhasfoundhealthandwellnessbenefitsofnatureforhumans,butanewstudyshowsthatwildnessinurbanareasisextremelyimportantforhumanwell-being.Theresearchteamfocusedonalargeurbanpark.Theysurveyedseveralhundredpark-goers,askingthemtosubmitawrittensummaryonlineofameaningfulinteractiontheyhadwithnatureinthepark.Theresearchersthenexaminedthesesubmissions,coding(编码)experiencesintodifferentcategories.Forexample,oneparticipant’sexperienceof“Wesatandlistenedtothewavesatthebeachforawhile”wasassignedthecategories“sittingatbeach”and“listeningtowaves.”Acrossthe320submissions,apatternofcategoriestheresearcherscalla“naturelanguage”begantoemerge.Afterthecodingofallsubmissions,halfadozencategorieswerenotedmostoftenasimportanttovisitors.Theseincludeencounteringwildlife,walkingalongtheedgeofwater,andfollowinganestablishedtrail.Namingeachnatureexperiencecreatesausablelanguage,whichhelpspeoplerecognizeandtakepartintheactivitiesthataremostsatisfyingandmeaningfultothem.Forexample,theexperienceofwalkingalongtheedgeofwatermightbesatisfyingforayoungprofessionalonaweekendhikeinthepark.Backdowntownduringaworkday,theycanenjoyamoredomesticformofthisinteractionbywalkingalongafountainontheirlunchbreak.“We’retryingtogeneratealanguagethathelpsbringthehuman-natureinteractionsbackintoourdailylives.Andforthattohappen,wealsoneedtoprotectnaturesothatwecaninteractwithit,”saidPeterKahn,aseniorauthorofthestudy.4.Whatphenomenondoestheauthordescribeatthebeginningofthetext?A.Pocketparksarenowpopular. B.Wildnatureishardtofindincities.C.Manycitiesareoverpopulated. D.Peopleenjoylivingclosetonature.5.Whydidtheresearcherscodeparticipantsubmissionsintocategories?A.Tocomparedifferenttypesofpark-goers. B.Toexplainwhytheparkattractstourists.C.Toanalyzethemainfeaturesofthepark. D.Tofindpatternsinthevisitors’summaries.6.Whatcanwelearnfromtheexamplegiveninparagraph5?A.Walkingisthebestwaytogainaccesstonature.B.Youngpeoplearetoobusytointeractwithnature.C.Thesamenatureexperiencetakesdifferentforms.D.Thenaturelanguageenhancesworkperformance.7.WhatshouldbedonebeforewecaninteractwithnatureaccordingtoKahn?A.Languagestudy. B.Environmentalconservation.C.Publiceducation. D.Interculturalcommunication.【答案】4.B5.D6.C7.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。城市化让人们越来越难以接触到自然，但一项新研究发现城市中的野生自然对人类健康和幸福感具有重要影响。研究团队对一座大型城市公园的游客进行调查，发现与野生自然的互动可以创造出一种可用的语言，帮助人们认识和参与最令人满意和有意义的活动。该研究呼吁保护城市中的野生自然。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段内容“Ascitiesballoonwithgrowth,accesstonatureforpeoplelivinginurbanareasisbecominghardertofind.Ifyou’relucky,theremightbeapocketparknearwhereyoulive,butit’sunusualtofindplacesinacitythatarerelativelywild.(随着城市的飞速发展，生活在城市地区的人们越来越难以接近大自然。如果你幸运的话，你住的地方附近可能会有一个袖珍公园，但在城市里找到相对天然的地方是罕见的)”可知，文章开头作者讲述了一种现象，在城市里，人们很难找到野生的自然。故选B。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段的“Theysurveyedseveralhundredpark-goers,askingthemtosubmitawrittensummaryonlineofameaningfulinteractiontheyhadwithnatureinthepark.Theresearchersthenexaminedthesesubmissions,coding(编码)experiencesintodifferentcategories.(他们调查了数百名公园游客，要求他们在网上提交一份书面总结，描述他们在公园里与大自然有意义的互动。然后，研究人员检查了这些提交的信息，将体验分为不同的类别)”可知，研究人员按照公园游客提交的在公园里与大自然互动的活动把游客分类，再根据第四段“Acrossthe320submissions,apatternofcategoriestheresearcherscalla“naturelanguage”begantoemerge.Afterthecodingofallsubmissions,halfadozencategorieswerenotedmostoftenasimportanttovisitors.(在这320份提交的作品中，一种被研究人员称为“自然语言”的分类模式开始出现。在对所有提交的内容进行编码后，有六个类别被认为对游客最重要)”可知，研究人员对参与者提交的内容进行了分类，以便在游客的总结中找到模式，并确定对游客最重要的自然体验。通过这样做，他们能够创造一种“自然语言”，帮助人们认识并参与对他们来说最满意和最有意义的活动。选项D准确地反映了这一目的。故选D。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段内容“Namingeachnatureexperiencecreatesausablelanguage,whichhelpspeoplerecognizeandtakepartintheactivitiesthataremostsatisfyingandmeaningfultothem.Forexample,theexperienceofwalkingalongtheedgeofwatermightbesatisfyingforayoungprofessionalonaweekendhikeinthepark.Backdowntownduringaworkday,theycanenjoyamoredomesticformofthisinteractionbywalkingalongafountainontheirlunchbreak.(命名每一种自然体验创造了一种可用的语言，这有助于人们认识并参与到对他们来说最满意和最有意义的活动中。例如，沿着水边散步的经历可能会让一个年轻的专业人士在周末去公园徒步旅行时感到满意。在工作日回到市中心，他们可以在午休时沿着喷泉散步，享受一种更居家的互动方式)”可知，本段讲述了自然体验创造一种可用的语言，有助于人们识别并参与对自己来说最满意最有意义的活动，接下来以一个年轻的专业人士参与自然的方式举例说明，去公园时沿着水边散步让他感到满意，回到市中心工作时他可以通过沿着喷泉散步获得满足。因此推知，从第五段的例子中我们可以知道一样的自然体验可以呈现不同的形式。故选C。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段““We’retryingtogeneratealanguagethathelpsbringthehuman-natureinteractionsbackintoourdailylives.Andforthattohappen,wealsoneedtoprotectnaturesothatwecaninteractwithit,”saidPeterKahn,aseniorauthorofthestudy.(“我们正试图创造一种语言，帮助将人类与自然的互动带回我们的日常生活中。要做到这一点，我们还需要保护自然，这样我们才能与它互动，”该研究的资深作者彼得·卡恩说。)”可推断，彼得·卡恩认为在我们与大自然互动之前我们应该先要保护自然。故选B。CWorkingoutexactlywhatstudentsandtaxpayersgetforthemoneytheyspendonuniversitiesisatrickybusiness.NowtheOrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD),aParis-basedthink-tankforrichcountries,isplanningtomakethetaskabiteasier,byproducingthefirstinternationalcomparisonofhowsuccessfullyuniversitiesteach.“Ratherthanassumingthatbecauseauniversityspendsmoreitmustbebetter,orusingotherproxymeasuresforquality,wewilllookatlearningoutcomes,”explainsAndreasSchleicher,theOECD’sheadofeducationresearch.JustastheOECDassessesprimaryandsecondaryeducationbytestingrandomlychosengroupsofyoungstersfromeachcountryinreadingandmathematics,itwillsampleuniversitystudentstoseewhattheyhavelearned.Onceenoughuniversitiesaretakingpart,itmaypublishleaguetablesshowingwhereeachcountrystands,justasitnowdoesforcompulsoryeducation.Thatmayproduceafairerassessmentthanthetwoestablishedrankings,thoughtheBritishonedoestrytobroadenitsinquirybytakingopinionsfromacademicsandemployers.ThereismuchtobesaidfortheOECD’sapproach.OfcourseaNobellaureate’sviewonwheretostudymaybeworthhearing,butthoseprofessorsmaybesobusywritingandresearchingthattheyspendlittleornotimeteaching—abigweaknessatAmerica’sfamousuniversities.Andchangesinmethodologycanbringsurprisingshifts.Thehigh-flyingLondonSchoolofEconomics,forexample,tumbled(暴跌)from17thto59thintheBritishrankingspublishedlastweek,primarilybecauseitgotlesscreditthaninpreviousyearsfortheimpressivenumberofforeignstudentsithadmanagedtoattract.TheOECDplanawaitsapprovalfromaneducationministers’meetinginJanuary.Thefirstrankingsareplannedby2021.Theywillbeofinterestnotjustasaguideforshoppersintheglobalmarket,butalsoasindicatorsofperformanceindomesticmarkets.Theywillhelpacademicswonderingwhethertostayputorswitchjobs,studentschoosingwheretospendtheirtimeandmoney,andambitiousuniversitybosseswhowantasharpercompetitiveedgefortheirinstitution.ThetasktheOECDhassetitselfisformidable.Inmanysubjects,suchasliteratureandhistory,thesyllabusvarieshugelyfromonecountry,andevenonecampus,toanother.ButOECDresearchersthinkthatproblemcanbeovercomebyconcentratingonthetransferableskillsthatemployersvalue,suchascriticalthinkingandanalysis,andtestingsubjectknowledgeonlyinfieldslikeeconomicsandengineering,withabigcommoncore.Moreover,saysMrSchleicher,itisajobworthdoing.Today’srankings,hebelieves,donothelpgovernmentsassesswhethertheygetareturnonthemoneytheygiveuniversitiestoteachtheirundergraduates.Studentsoverlooksecond-rankinstitutionsinfavourofbignames,eventhoughthelessgrandmaybebetteratteaching.Worstofall,rankingbyreputationallowsfamousplacestocoastalong,whilemakinglifehardforfeistyupstarts.“Wewillnotbereflectingauniversity’shistory,”saysMrSchleicher,“butasking:whatisaglobalemployerlookingfor?”Afairquestion,evenifnoteverysinglestudent’sdestinyistoworkforamultinationalfirm.8.TheprojectbyOECDisaimedto__________.A.assessprimaryandsecondaryeducationofeachschoolthatsubscribetotheserviceB.appraisethelearningoutcomesofuniversitystudentsaspartoftheiracademicperformanceC.establishanewevaluationsystemforuniversitiesD.setupanewrankingforcompulsoryeducation9.TheassessmentmethodbyOECDisdifferentfromtheestablishedrankingsin__________.A.thatitsinquiryisbroaderastoincludeallthestudentsandstaffB.thatitssamplesarechosenrandomlybasedonstatisticalanalysisofmethodC.thatitattachesmoreimportancetothelearningefficiencyD.thatittakesopinionsfromthestudentstoseewhattheyhavelearnt10.BythecaseofLondonSchoolofEconomies,theauthorwantstoshowthat__________.A.theOECD’sapproachisveryfairB.theNobellaureate’sopinionisnotworthhearingC.theBritishrankingspaymoreattentiontotheforeignstudentsD.differentassessmentmethodsmayleadtodifferentrankingresults11.TheOECD’srankingsystemwillprobablybewelcomedmostby__________.A.parentswhopayforthechildren’ssecondaryeducationB.thefamouscollegesC.thoseambitioussecond-rankinstitutionsD.shoppersintheglobalmarket【答案】8.C9.C10.D11.C【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了经济合作与发展组织(OECD)通过新的方式对大学进行排名，建立新的大学评价体系。【详解】1.推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Workingoutexactlywhatstudentsandtaxpayersgetforthemoneytheyspendonuniversitiesisatrickybusiness.NowtheOrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD),aParis-basedthink-tankforrichcountries,isplanningtomakethetaskabiteasier,byproducingthefirstinternationalcomparisonofhowsuccessfullyuniversitiesteach.(计算出学生和纳税人花在大学上的钱到底得到了什么是一件棘手的事情。现在，经济合作与发展组织（OECD），一个位于巴黎的富裕国家智囊团，正计划通过首次对大学教学的成功程度进行国际比较，使这项任务变得容易一些)”及第二段“Onceenoughuniversitiesaretakingpart,itmaypublishleaguetablesshowingwhereeachcountrystands,justasitnowdoesforcompulsoryeducation.(一旦有足够多的大学参与其中，它可能会发布排行榜，显示每个国家的排名，就像它现在对义务教育所做的那样)”可推知，OECD项目是为了建立新的大学评价体系。故选C项。2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段““Ratherthanassumingthatbecauseauniversityspendsmoreitmustbebetter,orusingotherproxymeasuresforquality,wewilllookatlearningoutcomes,”explainsAndreasSchleicher,theOECD’sheadofeducationresearch.(经合组织教育研究主管安德烈亚斯·施莱歇尔解释说:“我们不会想当然地认为，一所大学花的钱越多，它就越好，也不会使用其他衡量质量的替代指标，我们会关注学习成果。”)”可知，OECD组织的评估方法与现有的排名不同在于OECD更加注重学习成果。故选C项。3.推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Thehigh-flyingLondonSchoolofEconomics,forexample,tumbledfrom17thto59thintheBritishrankingspublishedlastweek,primarilybecauseitgotlesscreditthaninpreviousyearsfortheimpressivenumberofforeignstudentsithadmanagedtoattract.(例如，在上周公布的英国排名中，雄心勃勃的伦敦政治经济学院(LondonSchoolofEconomics)从第17位跌至第59位，主要原因是它吸引的外国学生数量令人印象深刻，但与前几年相比，它获得的赞誉有所减少)”及“Andchangesinmethodologycanbringsurprisingshifts.(方法上的改变会带来惊人的转变)”可推知，这个评级的方法和之前的评级有所不同，而这个例子可能就是要说明这个问题，即，不同的评估方法可能导致不同的排名结果。故选D项。4.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Moreover,saysMrSchleicher,itisajobworthdoing.Today’srankings,hebelieves,donothelpgovernmentsassesswhethertheygetareturnonthemoneytheygiveuniversitiestoteachtheirundergraduates.Studentsoverlooksecond-rankinstitutionsinfavourofbignames,eventhoughthelessgrandmaybebetteratteaching.(此外，施莱歇尔表示，这是一项值得做的工作。他认为，今天的排名并不能帮助政府评估他们给大学教育本科生的钱是否得到了回报。学生们忽略了二流的学校，而选择了大牌学校，尽管那些不那么大牌的学校可能更擅长教学)”及上文第二段““Ratherthanassumingthatbecauseauniversityspendsmoreitmustbebetter,orusingotherproxymeasuresforquality,wewilllookatlearningoutcomes,”explainsAndreasSchleicher,theOECD’sheadofeducationresearch.(经合组织教育研究主管安德烈亚斯·施莱歇尔解释说:“我们不会想当然地认为，一所大学花的钱越多，它就越好，也不会使用其他衡量质量的替代指标，我们会关注学习成果。”)”可推知，OECD的排名系统可能最受那些雄心勃勃的二流大学欢迎。故选C项。DNewresearchsuggeststhatagenethatgovernsthebody’sbiological(circadian)clockactsdifferentlyinmalesversusfemalesandmayprotectfemalesfromheartdisease.Thestudyisthefirsttoanalysecircadianbloodpressurerhythms(节奏)infemalemice.Thebody’scircadianclock-thebiologicalclockthatorganizesbodilyactivitiesovera24-hourperiod—contributestonormalvariationsinbloodpressureandheartfunctionoverthecourseoftheday.Inmosthealthyhumans,bloodpressuredips(下降)atnight.Peoplewhodonotexperiencethistemporarydrop,called“non-dippers”,aremorelikelytodevelopheartdisease.Thecircadianclockismadeupoffourmainproteins(encodedby“clockgenes”)thatregulateclosetohalfofallgenesinthebody,includingthoseimportantforbloodpressureregulation.Previousresearchhasshownthatmalemicethataremissingoneofthefourclockgenes(PER1)becomenon-dippersandhaveahigherriskforheartandkidneydisease.AresearchteamstudiedthecircadianresponseandbloodpressureoffemalemicethatlackPERIandcomparedthemwithahealthyfemalecontrolgroup.Onbothlow-andhigh-saltdiets,bothgroups“keptanapparentcircadianrhythm”ofbloodpressure,theresearchersexplained.Unlikethemalemiceinpreviousresearch,thefemaleswithoutPERIshowednormaldipsinbloodpressureovernight.TheseresultssuggestthatthelackofPER1actsdifferentlyinmalesandfemales.Thefindingsareconsistentwithresearchshowingthatwomenarelesslikelytobenon-dippersthanmenofthesameage.“Thisstudyrepresentsanimportantstepinunderstandingsexdifferencesintheregulationofcardiovascular(心血管的)functionbythecircadianclock,”theresearcherswrote.12.Whatdoesthenewresearchfind?A.Biologicalclockmayprotectmalesfromheartdisease.B.Biologicalbloodpressurerhythmsinfemalemiceactnormally.C.Biologicalclockorganizesbodilyactivitiesovera24-hourperiod.D.Agenecontrollingbiologicalclockworksdifferentlybetweensexes.13Whatrolecancircadianclockplayaccordingtothetext?A.Helpingmalescureheartdisease.B.Helpingbloodpressurevarynormally.C.Contributingtoabnormalvariationsinbloodpressure.D.Makingupfourmainproteinsregulatingalmosthalfofallgenes.14.ThelackofPRRI______A.hasthesameimpactonmalesandfemalesB.makesnodifferencetomalesC.doesharmtomale’shealthD.ismorelikelytoaffectfemale’shealth15.Whatwouldbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.OneclockgeneisimportantB.WomenmaybenefitfrombodyclockC.NewstudyanalysesbloodpressurerhythmsD.Bloodpressureofhealthyhumansdipsatnight【答案】12.D13.B14.C15.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了控制人体生物钟的基因在男性和女性中的作用不同，女性可能受益于生物钟。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Newresearchsuggeststhatagenethatgovernsthebody’sbiological(circadian)clockactsdifferentlyinmalesversusfemalesandmayprotectfemalesfromheartdisease.（新的研究表明，控制人体生物钟（昼夜节律）的基因在男性和女性中的作用不同，可能保护女性免受心脏病的侵害。）”可知，新的研究发现，控制生物钟的基因对于男性和女性的作用是不同的。故选D项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Thebody’scircadianclock-thebiologicalclockthatorganizesbodilyactivitiesovera24-hourperiod-contributestonormalvariationsinbloodpressureandheartfunctionoverthecourseoftheday.（人体昼夜节律的在24小时内组织身体活动的生物钟有助于一天中血压和心脏功能的正常变化。）”可知，生物钟有助于血压和心脏功能正常变化。故选B项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Previousresearchhasshownthatmalemicethataremissingoneofthefourclockgenes(PER1)becomenon-dippersandhaveahigherriskforheartandkidneydisease.（先前的研究表明，缺少四种生物钟基因(PER1)中的一种的雄性老鼠变得不喜欢游泳，患心脏和肾脏疾病的风险更高。）”以及“Unlikethemalemiceinpreviousresearch,thefemaleswithoutPER1showednormaldipsinbloodpressureovernight.（与先前研究中的雄性小鼠不同，没有PER1的雌性小鼠在一夜之间血压正常下降。）可知，可知，缺乏PRRI对男性健康有害。故选C项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Newresearchsuggeststhatagenethatgovernsthebody’sbiological（circadian）clockactsdifferentlyinmalesversusfemalesandmayprotectfemalesfromheartdisease.（新的研究表明，控制人体生物钟（昼夜节律）的基因在男性和女性中的作用不同，可能保护女性免受心脏病的侵害。）”可知，生物钟可能保护女性免受心脏病的侵害，以及最后一段“Thefindingsareconsistentwithresearchshowingthatwomenarelesslikelytobenon-dippersthanmenofthesameage.（研究表明，女性比同龄男性更不可能成为非杓型。）”可知，女性受到生物钟的影响，心脏和肾脏疾病风险可能更低，所以“女性可能受益于生物钟”可以作为文章标题。故选B项。第二节(共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Envyisanaturalhumanemotion,andwewriterssufferfromitconstantly.Butifweallowit,ourenvywilleatusupinsideandturnsomethingweonceloved(writing)intosomethingwehatenow.____16____.Herearesomepracticalandeffectivestepsyoucanfollow.Remindyourselfwhyyouwrite.Iwritebecauseit’samainaspectofwhoIam.Itsatisfiesmeinawaynothingelsedoes.AlthoughI’mgladtocashwhatevercheckspublisherssendme,thisisnotmypurpose.____17____.AslongasIrememberwhyIwrite,Idon’tfeelenviousofothers.Keepapositivecommentfile.I’velongkeptablurb(简介)filewhereIlistpositivecommentsreviewershavemadeaboutmywork.Iusetheseblurbswhenitcomestimetopromotemywork.IalsoreadoverthemwhenIneedtoremindmyselfthatI’maprettygoodwriter.Itakescreenshots(截屏)ofpositivethingspeoplesayaboutmyworkonsocialmedia.____18________19____Youknowwhathappenswhenyoudon’tseepeoplepostingabouttheirwritingsuccessesallthetime?Youknownothingaboutthem.Andifyouknownothingaboutthem,youcan’tbeenviousofthem,canyou?Sosometimesleavingthesocialmediaalonemighthelpyoureducethechanceofbeingenvious.Livingyourlifeintherealnotthevirtualworldcanremindyouthatyourwritingcareerisaboutyou,notaboutanyoneelse.Notfocusonwritingonly.Youshouldbearinmindthattherearemorethingstoyourlifethanyourwritingcareer.Hopefullyyouhavefriendsandfamilywholoveyou.Spendsometimewiththem.Doyouhaveanyhobbiesthatdon’tinvolvewriting,somethingyoudoitsimplybecauseit’sfunandrelaxing?Dothatforawhile.Takeabreakforafewdaysanddon’tfeelguiltyaboutit.____20____A.Cutdownonsocialmedia.B.Paynoattentiontootherssuccesses.C.Usingblurbsmakemefeelsatisfiedandrelieved.D.AndIlookatthemwhenIneedanemotionalliftaswell.E.Iwritenotforsuchfinancialreward,butforemotionalreward.F.Therefore,howcanwelearntolivewithitandminimizeitseffects?G.Rechargingyourselfmentallyandemotionallyinturnbenefitsyourwriting.【答案】16.F17.E18.C19.A20.G【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了作家如何学会与嫉妒共存，并将其影响降至最低的一些建议。【16题详解】上文“Envyisanaturalhumanemotion,andwewriterssufferfromitconstantly.Butifweallowit,ourenvywilleatusupinsideandturnsomethingweonceloved(writing)intosomethingwehatenow.(嫉妒是人类的一种自然情感，而我们作家却经常遭受嫉妒的折磨。但如果我们允许，我们的嫉妒会吞噬我们的内心，把我们曾经喜欢（写）的东西变成我们现在讨厌的东西。)”说明嫉妒对作家不利，选项F“因此，我们如何学会与之共存，并将其影响降至最低？”与上文构成因果关系，因为嫉妒对作家不利，所以作家们要学会怎样与之共存。故选F项。【17题详解】上文“AlthoughI’mgladtocashwhatevercheckspublisherssendme,thisisnotmypurpose.(尽管我很乐意兑现出版商寄给我的任何支票，但这不是我的目的。)”说明作者的目的不是为了兑现支票，选项E“我写作不是为了金钱上的回报，而是为了情感上的回报。”承接上文，说明作者写作的目的不是为了钱而是情感。故选E项。【18题详解】上文“I’velongkeptablurb(简介)filewhereIlistpositivecommentsreviewershavemadeaboutmywork.Iusetheseblurbswhenitcomestimetopromotemywork.IalsoreadoverthemwhenIneedtoremindmyselfthatI’maprettygoodwriter.Itakescreenshots(截屏)ofpositivethingspeoplesayaboutmyworkonsocialmedia.(我一直保存着一个简介文件，里面列出了评论者对我工作的正面评价。当需要推广我的作品时，我会使用这些简介。当我需要提醒自己我是一个很好的作家时，我也会读一遍。我把人们在社交媒体上对我作品的正面评价截屏。)”说明作者使用简介来列出对其正面评价，以推广作品，也用来提醒自己是个很好的作家。选项C“使用简介让我感到满足和宽慰。”承接上文，总结使用简介使作者感到愉悦。故选C项。【19题详解】下文“Sosometimesleavingthesocialmediaalonemighthelpyoureducethechanceofbeingenvious.Livingyourlifeintherealnotthevirtualworldcanremindyouthatyourwritingcareerisaboutyou,notaboutanyoneelse.(因此，有时远离社交媒体可能会帮助你减少嫉妒的机会。生活在真实而非虚拟的世界中会提醒你，你的写作生涯是关于你自己的，而不是关于任何人的。)”建议作家要远离社交媒体，减少嫉妒。选项A“减少使用社交媒体。”概括了本段主题：远离社交媒体。故选A项。【20题详解】上文“Youshouldbearinmindthattherearemorethingstoyourlifethanyourwritingcareer.Hopefullyyouhavefriendsandfamilywholoveyou.Spendsometimewiththem.Doyouhaveanyhobbiesthatdon’tinvolvewriting,somethingyoudoitsimplybecauseit’sfunandrelaxing?Dothatforawhile.Takeabreakforafewdaysanddon’tfeelguiltyaboutit.(你应该记住，你的生活中有比你的写作事业更多的事情。希望你有爱你的朋友和家人。花点时间和他们在一起。你有什么与写作无关的爱好吗？你做这些仅仅是因为有趣和放松？这样做一段时间。休息几天，不要为此感到内疚。)”建议作家要关注除写作以外其他的事情，如为了好玩和放松，陪陪朋友和家人，做做其他爱好的事情。选项G“给自己的精神和情感充电反过来对你的写作也有好处。”承接上文，说明为了乐趣和放松，要做一些与写作无关的事情，因为有益于写作。故选G项。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。IwrotemyfirstnovelwhenIwas22.Itwasamess.Ididn’tknowhowtoproperlyorganizedialoguesandstructureaplot(情节).Thosewereall____21____.Iplannedtoworkoutlater.Igavethebooktomyfathertoread,andheleftmeavoicemailinafewdayssayingthatitwas____22____andthatIwasgoingtosellitfor$300,000.____23____,andratherquickly,thebookwas____24____byeverypublisherinNewYork.IftherewerealiteraryprizeforMostRejections,Iwouldhavewonit.Iwas____25____:ofcourse,butIknewbetterthantogiveup—writingwasn’taneasyjob,andifthisbookwasn’tmy____26____in,maybethenextonewouldbe.Igotbacktowork.Butthisscenario(剧情)happenedagain:Iwrotebooks...andthentheywouldn’t____27____.Stillmyfather’sfaithinmeneverwavered(动摇),evenifIworkedahostofotherjobs.Someofthejobs,likebeingabookseller,weregreatand____28____tomywritinglife.Some,likesellingoverpricedjeansto12-year-olds,wereonlyinsofarastheywerematerialforfuture____29____.Andtheywere—becauseitfinally_____30_____.Isoldabook!Iwasgoingtomakeitbig!IcompletelyagreewiththemotivationspeakerandauthorJohnMaxwell’swords:“Successfulandunsuccessfulpeopledonotvarygreatlyintheirabilitiesbutintheir_____31_____toreachtheirpotential.”Life’snot_____32_____.Itneverwas,itisn’tnow,anditwon’teverbe.Butdonotfallintotheentitlementtrapoffeelingyouarea(n)_____33_____.Youarenot.Getoveritand_____34_____withit.Andyes,mostthingsaremore_____35_____whenyoubreakasweattogetthem.21.A.facts B.messages C.meanings D.details22.A.practical B.complex C.wonderful D.puzzling23.A.But B.Instead C.Therefore D.Regardless24.A.rejected B.accepted C.abused D.commended25.A.depressed B.amazed C.frightened D.pleased26.A.card B.ticket C.pen D.bill27.A.write B.buy C.work D.sell28.A.unearthed B.taught C.led D.contributed29.A.lives B.decisions C.stories D.jobs30.A.happened B.failed C.made D.passed31.A.request B.order C.recommendation D.desire32.A.sad B.anxious C.hard D.easy33.A.athlete B.loser C.owner D.winner34.A.makeup B.getalong C.giveout D.passaway35.A.challenge B.demanding C.rewarding D.paying【答案】21.D22.C23.B24.A25.A26.B27.D28.D29.C