unit3 how do you get to school【核心知识必背】 人教版英语七年级 下册 必背知识清单（人教版）

Unit3Howdoyougettoschool？七年级英语下册必备知识清单一、词汇知识清单I、课标词汇[注意英译汉]train[treɪn]n.火车bus[bʌs]n.公交车subway['sʌbweɪ]n.地铁takethesubway乘地铁ride[raɪd]v.骑n.旅程bike[baɪk]n.自行车rideabike骑自行车sixty['sɪkstɪ]num.六十seventy['sev(ə)ntɪ]num.七十eighty['eɪtɪ]num.八十ninety['naɪntɪ]num.九十hundred['hʌndrəd]num.一百minute['mɪnɪt]n.分钟far[fɑː(r)]adv.&adj.远；远的kilometer['kɪlə,mitɚ](=kilometre)(abbr.km)n.公里new[njuː]adj.新的；刚出现的every['evrɪ]adj.每一；每个everyday每天by[baɪ]prep.（表示方式）乘（交通工具）bybike骑自行车drive[draɪv]v.开车car[kɑːr]n.小汽车；轿车live[lɪv]v.居住；生活stop[stɒp]n.车站；停止thinkof认为cross[krɔs]v.横过；越过river['rɪvə]n河，江many['menɪ]adj.&pron.许多village['vɪlɪdʒ]n.村庄，村镇between[bɪ'twiːn]prep.介于…之间between…and…在……和……之间bridge[brɪdʒ]n.桥boat[bəʊt]n.小船ropeway['rop,we]n.索道year[jɪə]\o"真人发音"n.年；岁afraid[ə'freɪd]adj.害怕；畏惧like[laɪk]prep.像；怎么样villager[ˈvɪlɪdʒər]n.村民leave[liːv]v.离开dream[driːm]n.梦想；睡梦;v.做梦true[truː]adj.真的；符合实际的cometrue实现；成为现实II、语法词汇知其变[注意词性变化]bus[bʌs]n.公交车---pl.busesride[raɪd]v.骑n.旅程---ing形式riding---n.rider骑手；附文；扶手new[njuː]adj.新的；刚出现的---n.news新闻everyday每天---adj.everyday日常的，每天的---adv.everyday天天，每天drive[draɪv]v.开车---ing形式driving---n.driver司机，驾驶员live[lɪv]v.居住；生活---ing形式living---adj.lively活泼的；真实的---adj.living活的，逼真的stop[stɒp]n.车站；停止---ing形式stoppingcross[krɔs]v.横过；越过---ing形式crossing---adv.across从一边到另一边；在……对面---prep.across从一边到另一边；横过，穿过village['vɪlɪdʒ]n.村庄，村镇---n.villager村民leave[liːv]v.离开---ing形式leaving---过去式---leftdream[driːm]n.梦想；睡梦;v.做梦---ing形式dreaming---n.dreamer梦想家，做梦的人，不切实际的人true[truː]adj.真的；符合实际的---adv.truly真实地，真诚地，准确地III、重点短语知搭配[注意固定短语的英汉互译]takethetrain/bus/boat乘火车/公共汽车/船Howdoyougetto…?你怎样到达……bybike骑自行车howlong多久，多长howfar多远Howlongodesittakesb.todo…?做……花某人多长时间？Howfarisitfrom…to…?……离……有多远？I'mnotsure.我不能确信。haveagooddayatschool上课快乐you,too.你也是。thebusride乘公共汽车walktoschool走路上学driveone'scartodo…开某人的车去做……fromhere从这儿thinkof认为Howfardoeshe/shelivefrom…?他/她住在离……有多远？Whatdoeshe/shethinkof…?他/她觉得……如何？between…and…在…..和……之间cometrue实现，成为现实bybus/train乘公交车/火车itisadj.todo…做……怎么样runtooquicklyfor…对……来说流得太急crosstheriver通过河one(an)11-year-oldboy一个11岁的男孩benotafraid不害怕lovetodo喜欢做……playwith和……玩耍belike…tosb.像……一样对……Itisone'sdreamtodo…做……是某人的梦想likethis像这样havetodo…不得不做……onaropeway坐索道thanksfor…因……感谢你getthere到达那儿IV、核心单词知用法[注意固定短语、句型和词块]SectionA1.Howdoyougettoschool？你怎么去学校的呢？(P.13)(1)how作疑问副词，意为“如何，怎样”，表示用什么手段，在本单元主要用于询问交通工具。例如：Howdoyourparentsgotowork?Howdoesyourbrothergotothemuseum?HowdoesMikegettotheschool?Howdotheygohome?(2)get作不及物动词，意为“到达”，常与to连用，表示目的地的词是副词here、there、home等时，不需用介词to。【拓展】注意区分get和reach，arrive的用法reach作及物动词，其后直接接宾语arrive作不及物动词，“arrivein+大地点；arriveat+小地点”例如：Theyfinallygetto/reach/arriveinTianjininthemorning.Myauntgivesmeacallassoonasshegetsto/reaches/arrivesatbusstation.Themonkeygetsto/reaches/arrivesatthezoo.Thepartyissoboring,Iwanttogohome.Pleasecomehereandjoinus.Idon’twanttogothere.It’sscary.2.Howfarisitfromyourhometoschool?从你家到学校有多远?(P.14)Howfar作疑问副词，意为“多远，多少距离”。常用疑问句结构“HowisitfromAtoB?=HowfarisBfromA?从A到B有多远？”答语：(1)It’s…meters/miles/kilometers(away)from...有……米/英里/千米（远）(2)It’sabouttenminutes’walk/ride.大约有十分钟步行/骑车的路程。(3)It’sfar/near.离得远/近。例如：——Howfarisyourschoolfromyourhome?——It’sfivekilometersawayfrommyschooltomyhome./It’sabouttenminutes’ride./It’snear.——HowfarisitfromChongqingtoBeijing?——It’sabout1800kilometers./It’sabouthalfpastthreehours’flight./It’sfar.【拓展】AbefarfromB：A离B远；Abe具体路程+awayfromB：A到B有……A+be+路程距离from+BFromAtoB：A离B有……例如：Myschoolisfarfrommyhome.Myschoolis10kilometersawayfrommyhome.It’s10kilometers(away)frommyschooltomyhome.Myschool（A）is10kilometersfrommyhome（B）.3.I’mnotsure…about10kilometers?我不确定，大概10公里吧。(P.14)about作介词，可译作“大约，左右=around；将近，几乎；到处，处处，各处；在某地，附近，周围”例如：Theywaited(for)about/aroundanhour.I'mjustaboutreadyThechildrenwererushingaboutinthegarden.Therewasnobodyabout.4.Howlongdoesittakeyoutogettoschool?你到学校要花多长时间?(P.14)(1)howlong作疑问副词，意为“多久”，用于提问时间。例如：——Howlongdoesittakeyoutogettoschool?——Just10minutes’ride.——HowlonghaveyoubeeninAmerica?——Fortwoyears.(2)take作动词，意为“

携带；拿走；取走；花费”【拓展】辨析take,spend,cost,pay花费主语宾语结构takeit时间Ittakessbsometimetodosth.做某事花费某人多长时间spend人时间/金钱Sb.spendsometime/moneyonsth某人在某事或某物上花费时间/钱Sb.spendsometime/money(in)doingsth某人花时间/金钱做某事cost物金钱Sth.costsbsomemoney某物花费某人多少钱pay人金钱Sb.paysomemoneyforsth.某人为某物付款/花费多少钱例如：Ittookhimsevendaystomakethebigcake.Ittakesmehalfanhourtodomyhomework.Ittakesus40minutestogettothenewcity.Hespentsevendaysmakingthebigcake.Hespentsevendaysonthebigcake.Ispend20yuanbuyingthisbook.Ispend20yuanonthisbook.Theskirtcostsher200yuan.Hepaid1000yuanfortheTVset.5.Findsomeonewholivesaboutfivekilometersfromschool.找一个住在离学校大约5公里的人。(P.15)live作不及物动词，意为“居住，生活”。常用短语：(1)liveonsth.以某物为食(2)livea...life过...生活例如：Thesheepliveonthegreengrass.weliveonmilkwhenwearethebaby.Thepoorliveadifficultlifebecauseofthebadweather.Thechildrenliveahappylifewithhope.【拓展】lively作形容词，意为“活泼的；真实的”；living作形容词，意为“活的，逼真的”。例如：Theoldwomanlikesallofthelivelykids.Theboylooksatthelivingfishinthepicture.SectionB1.busstop公交车站，巴士站（小站点）busstation公交车站（主要指公共交通枢纽站）(P.16)例如：atthebusstop/stationIwillwaitforyouatthebusstop.Let’smeetatthebusstation.2.Marywantstoknowwhathethinksofthetrip.玛丽想知道他对这次旅行有什么看法。(P.16)(1)…whathethinksofthetrip作动词know的宾语，为宾语从句。(2)Whatdoyouthinkof/about...?=Howdoyoulike...?你认为.....怎么样？询问某人看法的句型例如：Whatdoyouthinkof/aboutthebook?=Howdoyoulikethebook?WhatdoesMarythinkof/abouttheEnglishstory?=HowdoesMaryliketheEnglishstory?Whatdoyourgrandparentsthinkof/aboutthepicture?=Howdoyourgrandparentslikethepicture?Whatdoyouthinkofgoingshopping?=Howdoyouthinkofgoingshopping?3.Crossingtherivertoschool.过河去上学。(P.17)cross作动词，意为“穿过，横穿、交叉”。亦作名词，意为“十字标记，十字形（或叉形）物”，复数形式为crosses。例如：HecrossedtheYellowRiveryesterday．Thetwostreetscrossinthecenterofthecity．Mr.Limarkedthepaperwithacross．【拓展】crossing作名词，意为“人行横道，渡口；交叉口，十字路口”across作介词，意为“穿过”，cross=goacrossacross与through都译为穿过,但across指从物体表面上过去，而through指物体内部空间穿过例如：Youcanturnleftatthesecondcrossing．Weshouldpayattentiontothetrafficlightsatthecrossing.Goacrossthebridge,thenyoucanseethelibrary.Shecrossedtheriveryesterday.Sheswamacrosstheriveryesterday．Thetravelerswalkthroughtheforest.4.Formanystudents,itiseasytogettoschool.对许多学生来说，上学很容易。(P.17)(1)for作介词，意为“对；为了；因为，由于”，后跟“+n./pron./v.ing”作宾语。例如：Thanksforyourwritingmeback.Wedidn’tgototheparkfortherainyesterday.It’simportantformostpeopletoliveahealthylife.Thereisnoneedformetogetupearlytomorrow.Foryourstudy,youshouldstudyharder.Weshouldsavewaterforprotectingourearth.(2)itiseasytogettoschool.句中it作形式主语，真正的主语为“togettoschool”。其结构为“it’sadj.forsb.todosth.”意为“对某人来说做某事是……。”例如：It’seasyforustodothetask.It’srelaxingforchildrentowatchTVonweekends.It’simportantforourstudentstostudyhard.It’shelpfulforJacktofollowtheteacher’sadvice.It’sinterestingformetoreadsciencebooks.It’susefultolistentoEnglishradio.5.Thereisnobridgeandtheriverrunstooquicklyforboats.这里没有桥，河水湍急，不能划船。(P.17)no作形容词来修饰名词，修饰单数可数名词时，结构“no+单数可数名词=nota/an+单数可数名词”；修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词时，结构“no+复数可数名词或不可数名词=notany+复数可数名词或不可数名词”例如：Thereisnobridge.=Thereisnotabridge.Thereisnostudentintheclassroom.=Thereisn’tastudentintheclassroom.Themanwalksfor2daysbutheeatsnofood.=Themanwalksfor2daysbuthedoesn’teatanyfood.Ihavenoproblems.=Idon’thaveanyproblems.6.One11-year-oldboy,Liangliang,crossingtherivereveryschoolday.11岁的男孩亮亮每天都要过河。(P.17)11-year-old作复合形容词，用作定语，修饰名词boy。结构为“数词+名词（+形容词）”构成复合形容词，其中的名词只能用单数形式。例如：Heisan8-year-oldboy.Thereisa7-daytripfromLijiangtoXishuangbanna.Wewillhavea2-hourmeeting.Tomhasathree-milewalkwithhisgrandpa.Heishelpingthecoachreadyforthefive-yearplanofourteam.7.Butheisnotafraid.但他并不害怕。(P.17)afraid作形容词，意为“害怕；畏惧”。常用结构：“beafraidtodo害怕做某事”，是主观上的原因不去做，怕；“beafraidofdoing唯恐做某事”，担心做某事会引起某种后果；“beafraidofsth.害怕某物/某事”；“beafraidthat+clause恐怕”。例如：Shewasafraidtowakeherhusband.她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。Shewasafraidofwakingherhusband.她生怕吵醒她丈夫。Theworkerisafraidtotalkwithhisboss.Theworkerisafraidofmakinganymistakes.Mostofgirlsareafraidofsnakes.Wearenotafraidofourteacherbecausesheispatientwithus.I’mafraidthatIcan’tgotoPariswithyou.8.Manyofthestudentsandvillagersneverleavethevillage.许多学生和村民从未离开过村子。(P.17)leave作动词，既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词，常见用法如下：(1)leavesp./sb./sth.离开某地/某人/某物(2)leaveforsp.前往某地，动身去某地(3)听任,使处于某种状态(4)leave+sth.+介词sp.把某物遗忘在某地(5)辞去(工作等);脱离(组织等)例如：Don’tforgettoclosethedoorwhenyouleavehome.MylovelydogleftmewhenIwas6yearsold.Mr.LeedecidestoleaveforLondonforbusiness.Wehavetoleaveforschoolnow.Pleaseleavethewindowsopen.Ifeelsadnow,sojustleavemealone.Mr.Smith,IamsosorrythatIleavemyhomeworkathome.Themanleaveshiskeysinthecar.Maryleftschoollastyearandsheisworkinginashopnow.9.Itistheirdreamtohaveabridge.拥有一座桥是他们的梦想。(P.17)(1)dream作动词，意为“做梦”，常用搭配为“dreamof/about+n./pron./v.ing梦想，梦见”；作可数名词，意为“梦想；睡梦”。例如：Ihadabeautifuldreamlastnight.Wehaveadreamthatwecanflyinthesky.Allpeopledreamofthepeaceoftheworld.Womanalllikediamond,becauseitmeansforever.Samdreamsofbecomingascientist.Theseyoungmenalldreamoftravelingallovertheworld.Everyonedreamsofher,becausesheissowonderful.(2)句子“It’stheirdreamtohaveabridge.”中“it”为形式主语，真正的主语为“tohaveabridge”。10.Cantheirdreamcometrue?他们的梦想能实现吗?(P.17)不及物动词短语cometrue意为“实现，成为现实”，后面不能直接跟宾语，常用“dreamcometrue梦想实现”。例如：Chinadreamcancometrueoneday.Hopemywishescometrue.It’stimethatourdreamscometrue.【拓展】realize和achieve作及物动词，后直接跟宾语。例如：Wecanrealize/achieveourChinadreamoneday.HopethatIrealize/achievemywishes.It’stimeforustorealize/achieveourdreams.11.Theyhavetocrossaverybigriverbetweentheirschoolandthevillage.在学校和村庄之间，他们必须穿过一条非常大的河。(P.17)(1)haveto意为“不得不，被迫”，后加动词原形，侧重客观的需要，有多种时态形式（一般现在时：have/hasto+动原，一般过去时：hadto+动原）；否定式为“don’t/doesn’thaveto(needn’t)不必，没必要”。例如：Ihavetogohometotakecareofmybabysister.Hehastofinishthisjobthisweek.—DoIhavetohandinmypaperrightnow?—yes,youhaveto./No,youdon’thaveto./No,youneedn’t.【拓展】must作情态动词，意为“必须”，后加动词原形，侧重于说话者的主观看法，认为有必要或有义务做某事，只有现在时一种形式；否定式为“mustn’t不准，禁止”。例如：Harry,youmustgototheschooltostudy.Wemustsavewaterforourearth.Thestudentsmustn’ttakethephonetotheschool.Thedriversmustn’tstophere.(2)介词短语betweenAandB意为“在A和B之间”。例如：Thereisabridgebetweenthismountainandthatmountain.IsitdownbetweenJessicaandJack.二、语法知识清单how引导的特殊疑问句提问交通方式并回答1.交通方式的询问：Howdo/doessb.gettosp.?2.交通方式的回答：(1)take+a/an/the+表示交通工具的名词，意为“乘……去某地”，是动词短语，在句中作谓语。(2)介词短语作方式状语：by+表示交通工具的单数名词on/in+a/an/the/one’s+表示交通工具的单数名词(3)walk/ride/drive/fly+to+地点名词，步行/骑自行车/开车/坐飞机去某地常用表达方式：walk=go/come/getto/arrive/reach...onfootridea/mybike=go/come/getto/arrive/reach…onthebike/bybiketakethebus=go/come/getto/arrive/reach…onthebus/bybusdrivea/mycar=go/come/getto/arrive/reach…inacar/bycarfly=go/come/getto/arrive/reach…byplane/air=go/come/getto/arrive/reach…ona/theplane例如：Iwalktoschool.=Igettoschoolonfoot.Iridemybiketoschool.=Igettoschoolbybike.=Igettoschoolonmybike.Itakethebustoschool.=Igettoschoolbybus=Igettoschoolonthebus.Driveacartowork.=Gotoworkbycar.=Gotoworkinacar.flytoshanghai=gotoshanghaibyplane/air=takethe/aplanetoshanghai=gotoshanghaiona/an/theplane.【注意】by+表示交通工具的单数名词时，名词前不能加任何冠词或者其他修饰词。三、语篇知识清单本单元主要围绕日常生活中人们的出行方式、出行所花费的时间及两地之间的距离而展开话题讨论。此类话题与我们的生活非常贴近，同学们在写作过程中，应熟练运用所学句型来表达怎样到达某地、某地有多远、到该地需要多长时间等。写作步骤◆步骤一：在第一部分可通过自我介绍来引出话题。◆步骤二：在第二部分可使用所学句子“It’sabouttwokilometers.”；“Iusuallygotoschoolbybike…”和“Ittakesmeaboutfifteenminutes…”来介绍具体情况。◆步骤三：结尾可谈及相关感受。【审清题目】内容：介绍上学的相关情况，根据提示要求连词成句，连句成文。文体：日记，记叙文，书信人称：第一人称I或we；第二人称you；第三人称he/she/they。【头脑风暴】【提供素材】◆语块上学情况Igotoschoolbybus/subway/bike/car.Itakethebusatthebusstopeveryday.Ittakessb.10minutestogotoschool.It’saboutfivekilometersfrommyhometoschool.It’sabout15minutesbybike.Mymotherhastotakemetoschoolbyhercar.It’sabout15minutes’ride.=It’sabout15-minuteride.感受Ilikeridingtoschool.Iamafraidoftakingthesubwaybymyself,whenIwasyoung.Ithinkit’sahealthywaytogotoschoolbybike.Ilikegoingtoschoolbybus,becauseit’sfriendlytotheearth/environment.其他AllroadsleadtoRome.条条大路通罗马。Aroadofathousandmilesbeginswithonestep.千里之行始于足下。◆句型Sb.go(es)toschoolby…Sb.take(s)thebusatthebusstopeveryday.Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.It’sabout…kilometersfrommyhometoschool.It’sabout…minutesbybike.Sb.beafraidofdoingsth.byoneself.Whatdo/doessb.thinkof(doing)sth.?Sp.isatthecrossingofthestreet.Ais(not)farfromB.【谋篇布局】【点评范文】1.内容：本文章要求对上学情况进行介绍。2.语言：从自我介绍，上学情况到谈及感受，文章清晰准确地进行了描述，逻辑清晰，结构清楚。文章中的佳句有时间状语从句“Butwhenitrains,mymotherhastotakemetoschoolbyhercar.”和原因状语从句“Ilikeridingmybiketoschoolbecauseitishealthy.”。例文：假如你叫王伟，请你以RidingaBiketoSchool为题，写一篇短文，介绍一下自己每天上学的方式。要点提示：1.你家离学校的距离；2.你上学的方式；3.花费的时间；4.你对此上学方式的看法。要求：1.内容完整，语句通顺；2.包含所有要点提示，并可适当发挥；3.不得出现真实人名、校名，词数60左右。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________