荷兰离岸风电创新指南2023

Dutch

Offshore

Wind

Innovation

GuideYour

guide

to

Dutch

offshore

wind

polic

y,technologies

and

innovationsIssue

2023windandwaterworks.nlIndex5.

Construction

&

Engineering5.1

Turbine

component

supply,

engineering5.2

Turbine

foundation

supply5.3

Sealing,

corrosion

protection5.4Subsea

cablesIndex5.5

Substations

and

foundations6.

Transport

&

Installation6.1

Turbine

and

foundation

installation6.2

Substation

installation6.3

Cable

laying6.4

Installation

tools6.5

Vessel

design,

ship

building,

deck

equipment7.

Operations

&

Maintenance7.1

Operations7.2

Maintenance7.3

Inspections,

repairs7.4

Port

development,

logistics8.

Dutchoffshore

wind

innovators8.1

Main

innovation

actors1.

Harnessing

the

wind688910138.2

Low

noise

monopile

installation8.3

Low

cost

monopile

installation8.4

Balance

of

Plant

innovations8.5

Floating

wind

innovators1.1

Global

overviewoffshore

wind

development1.2

Europe’s

policy

on

offshore

wind1.3

Offshorewind

policy

development

in

the

Netherlands1.4

Results

First

Acceleration

Phase:

Roadmap

20231.5

Roadmap

2023:a

kickstarterfor

energy

transition1.6

Kick-offRoadmap

2030:8.6

Offshore

Wind

to

hydrogen

innovators9.

Wind

and

water

works

business

partner

catalogueWind

farm

developmentWind

TurbinesHollandse

Kust

(west)

Wind

Farm

Sites

VI

and

VII132.

The

Dutch

Way:

Government

regulations

and

tender

system

explained2.1

Current

Dutchoffshore

wind

policy

in

10

steps1416FoundationsSubstations,

subsea

cablesTransport

and

InstallationOperations

&

Maintenance3.

Wind

&

water

works22242425253.1

Anexperienced

Dutch

supply

chain3.2

One-stop

information

Portal3.3

Founding

fathersof

wind

&

water

works3.4

Introduction

to

the

nextchaptersThe

Netherlands

Enterprise

Agency

(RVO.nl)developedthisoffshore

windpolicyand

industbythe

Ministry

of

Foreign

Affairs

and

International

Tradeas

adeliverable

of

the

Internationaexport

promotion

inthe

renewables

energy

sector.4.

Feasibility,

design

and

development4.1

Development

and

project

management4.2

Environmental

impact

assessments4.3

Ecological

surveys26283031Thisdocument

has

been

produced

for

information

purposes

onlyand

isnot

intendedtoreplrules,

regulations,

or

requirements.4.4

Site

investigations322DDuuttcchh

OOffffsshhoorree

WWiinndd

IMnannouvaaltionGuide3Dutch

Design

and

Know-Howin

Offshore

WindThankstorapid

technologicaladvanceswhichhavegreatly

reducedcosts,offshore

windhasbecomeamainstreamsourceofrenewableenergy

aroundtheworld.Inagrowingnumberofcountries,offshore

windhas

becomeakeyelementofnationalplanstoreducethecarbon

intensityoftheirgrid

atacompetitiveprice.Experiences

intheNetherlandshaveshownthatgovernmentsneed

tobe

proactiveinordertosuccessfullyachieveaffordable,

large-scale

offshore

windcapacity,and

reap

thesocioeconomicbenefits

thatthisindustry

offers.

Thankstoclear

policyand

continuousinnovation,thecost

ofoffshore

windpowerintheNetherlandshas

fallentothepointwherezero-subsidybidsare

nowsubmittedincompetitivetenders.Experiences

withtheDutchpolicyframework

and

accumulatedsectorexpertise

are

worth

sharinginternationally,especiallyinordertomultiplytheeffects

ofinternationalknow-howindevelopingnewoffshore

windmarkets.Itisthereforemypleasuretopresentyouwiththe2023

editionoftheDutchOffshore

WindInnovationGuide.Inthisannualflagship

publication,thepublic-privatepartners

inthewind&waterworkscampaignprovideyouwithcomprehensiveoverviewsoftheDutchregulatory

framework

and

Dutchsupplyingindustriesforoffshore

wind.The

guidealsohighlightsDutchbreakthrough

innovationsinoffshorewindtechnologiesand

offshore

wind-to-hydrogendevelopment.The

guidealsoincludespressarticles

showcasingrecent

export

successesofDutchcompanies.Last

butnotleast,

Iam

proudtorecommendthewind&waterworkspartners.

Allhavetheirownuniqueexpertise

and

experience,and

are

keentohelpsolvethechallengesoftheoffshore

energytransition.You

willfindtheircontact

detailsinthebusinessdirectory

ofthisguide.Ihopetheguidewillprovevaluableforothergovernmentsbuildingtheiroffshore

windsectors,aswellas

forinternationaldevelopersand

businesseslookingtoidentify

newcost-reducingtechnologiesand

services

inoffshore

wind.JulesGerzonDeputy

Director

InternationalEnterpriseDepartmentMinistry

of

ForeignAffairs

of

theKingdom

of

theNetherlandsMore

infoon:4DutchOffshore

WindInnovationGuide51.

Harnessing

the

windThe

Paris

Climate

Change

Agreement,to

whichall

countriesinthe

worldare

signatories,

seeks

to

maintainglobalwarmingat

wellbelow

2°C,andmuch

closer

to

1.5°C,above

pre-industriallevels.

Toachieve

this

ambition,a

vastexpansion

of

renewable

energy

deployment

is

required

ona

global

scale.Offshore

wind

willbecome

the

mainrenewable

energy

source(RES)that

is

commercially

deployable

with

vast

untappedpotentialinthe

world’s

seas.Offshore

windhas

ahighercapacity

andmore

consistent

output

thanany

other

variableRES,withthe

InternationalEnergy

Agency

describingit

asaunique

‘variable

baseload’technology

that

couldhelp

tointegrate

the

decarbonized

energy

systems

of

the

future.Governments

aroundthe

worldrecognize

the

role

thatoffshore

windtechnology

canplay

inkickstartingpost-COVID

economic

recovery

throughlarge-scale

investment,creatingjobs

andbringing

economic

development

tocoastal

communities.6DutchOffshore

WindInnovationGuide71.1

Global

overview1.2Europe’spolicyon

offshore

windoffshore

wind

developmentAsmorecountriesincoastal

regionsplantoutilizetheiroffshore

windpotential,theGlobalWindEnergy

Council(GWEC)sawtheoffshore

windmarketenjoyingitsbesteveryearin2021.

AccordingtoitsGlobalOffshore

WindReport

2022,

atotal

of21.1GWofnewinstallationswereaddedtotheglobal

capacity,bringingit

to56

GW.The

EU’sOffshore

RenewableEnergy

Strategy,issuedinNovember2020,

setsoutthegoals

ofreachingatleast60

GWofoffshore

windcapacity

by2030

and

300

GWby2050.

TogetherwiththeUKand

Norway,Europecouldhaveupto450

GWofoffshore

windinoperationby2050.Thisimpliesamassivechange

ofscale

forthesectoratan

unprecedentedspeed.The

currentOffshore

Windinstalledcapacity

intheNorth

Sea

isjust15

GWand

thesupplychainproducesonly3GWofturbinestobe

addedperyear,aratethatisexpectedtoreach

7GWperyearafter2030.To

meetsuchambitioustargets,

theEUand

memberstates

willalsohavetofacilitatecross-bordermarinespatialplanning,grid

infrastructure

developmentand,lastbutnotleast,

bothgood

permitting

and

PPA(PowerPurchaseAgreements)practices.Chinacontributednearly

17

GW(80%)ofthatoffshoregrowth,

thefourth

yearthatChinahas

ledthewayinnewinstallations.Europeistheotheronlyregion

whichreported

newoffshore

windinstallationslast

year.The

UKhad

arecord

yearin2021

withmorethan

2.3

GWreachinggrid

connection,makingit

thelargest

Europeanoffshorewindmarketin2021,

followedbyDenmark

(608MW)

andtheNetherlands(392

MW).

OutsideChinaand

Europe,two

othercountriesrecorded

newoffshore

windinstallationsin2021:

Vietnam(779

MW,intertidal

only)and

Taiwan(109

MW).

IntheUnitedStates

nooffshoreprojectswerebuiltin2021.

However,theUS

offshore

windmarketcontinuestogain

strongmomentuminbothstateand

federal

waters.EUFit-for-55(2021)To

keeppace

withtheambitionsoftheParisClimateChange

Agreement,

theEU’sFitfor55

package

aimstoreducegreenhousegas

emissionsbyatleast

55%

by2030,compared

to1990

levels.Underthisstrategy,offshore

windwillbecomethenumberonesourceofelectricity

intheEU,In2022,

atotal

of23

GWcapacity

ofoffshore

windprojects

taking

optimaladvantage

ofthepotentialinEurope’sseasisunderconstruction.Chinaisthemostactivesinglemarketwith7.8

GWunderconstruction,followedbytheUK(5.6GW),Netherlands(2.3

GW),Taiwan(2.1GW),France(1.4

GW),and

Germany(1.1GW).On

aglobalregional

level,Europeisstillamarketleaderinoffshorewindprojectconstructionwith49.5

percentmarketshare,followedbyAsia(46.4

percent)and

theUS

(4.1percent).Inthenear

future,Asiaissettotakeovertheleadingpositionfrom

Europeas

theworld’slargest

offshorewindmarket.The

othermarketsintheglobal

top-fiveare:Germany,theNetherlandsand

Denmark.–from

theNorth

Sea

and

BaltictotheBlackSea,

and

fromtheAtlantictotheMediterranean.1.3Offshore

windpolicydevelopmentAgreement

forSustainableGrowth

(Energy

Agreement)includedambitiousprovisionsonenergy

conservationandtargets

toraiserenewableshares

intheenergy

mixto14%by2020

and

16%

by2023.

Regardingoffshore

wind,theGovernmentcommitted

tosetting

upaRoadmapinordertoassign

and

developthreeoffshore

windzones–Borssele,HollandseKustzuid(DutchCoast

south)andHollandseKustnoord

(DutchCoast

north)–intheDutchsectoroftheNorth

Sea,

potentiallyincreasingtheoffshorewindcapacity

byupto4.5

GWin2023.REPowerEU(2022)inthe

NetherlandsInan

effort

tostrengthen

Europe’senergy

security

andcut

itsrelianceonRussianfossilfuelswellbefore

2030,theEUlaunchedtheREPowerEUactionplaninMay2022.Foroffshore

wind,theEUcallsforan

additional30

GWofoffshore

windenergy

by2030

toreplaceRussianfossilfuelimports

before

theendofthisdecade.Thiswillbe

ontopoftheprevioustargets

foroffshore

wind(60GWby2030and

300

GWby2050)

already

establishedintheOffshoreRenewableEnergy

Strategy.TogetherwiththeUKandNorway,Europecouldhaveupto450

GWofoffshore

windinoperationby2050.Today,

theNetherlandsisafront-runnerincost-efficientoffshore

winddevelopmentand

installation.To

reach

thisposition,however,theDutchhad

toovercomesignificantchallenges.Aswithothercountries,thepotentialoffshorewindoffers

had

longbeenrecognizedintheNetherlands.Evenso,upto2017

onlyafewoffshore

windfarms

wereactuallybuiltintheDutchEconomicZoneoftheNorth

Sea.Untilthenprojectdeveloperswereresponsibleforsiteselectionand

investigation,as

wellas

havingtogothroughthepermitting

process

forprojectswithnoguarantee

projectswouldbe

approved.Asaresult,projectdevelopersfaced

highcosts

and

risksbefore

theycouldevenapplyforasubsidy.Indeed,outof80

initialapplications,justfouroffshore

windfarms

withaSecond

accelerationphase:11.5

GWin2030(Roadmap2030)Based

onthelatestindustry

forecasts

and

declarednationaloffshore

windtargets,

GWECexpectsthatannualinstallationscouldreach

30

GWin2027

and

upto50

GWin2030,addinguptopotentially316

GWbytheendofthisdecade

and

approx.370

GWend2031.InJune2019

theNationalEnergy

Agreement

merged

toacomprehensiveNationalClimateAgreement

underthethennewlyintroducedClimateAct.Withregard

tooffshorewind,threeextra

offshore

windzoneswereaddedforoffshore

winddevelopment,raisingthepreviouscapacitytarget

from

4.5

GWin2023

to11,5GWbyend2030.UndertheRoadmap2030,theadditionalwindfarm

zonesareHollandseKustWest(DutchCoast

West,1.4

GW),Ten

NoordenvandeWaddeneilanden(North

ofWaddenSea

Islands,0.7GW)

and

IJmuidenVer(IJmuidenFar,4GW).EsbjergDeclaration

(2022)InresponsetothiscallBelgium,Denmark,

Germany,andtheNetherlandscommitted

intheso-called

EsbjergDeclarationtoajointoffshore

windtarget

ofhavingatleast65

GWofgenerationcapacity

installedby2030

and

150

GWby2050.

Withthis150

GWpledge

for2050,thefourEUmemberstates

haveajointtarget

ofhalf

ofthe300

GWcapacity

aimedfortheentireEUbythattimeundertheEUOffshore

RenewableEnergy

Strategy,issuedinNovember2020.

The

fourcountrieshavealsosignedadeclarationonrealizingand

advancingplansforenergyislandsintheNorth

Sea,

withoneofthefirst

stepsbeingexpandingtheworld’sfirst

energy

islandtoitsmaximumpotentialcapacity

of10GWat2040

atthelatest.combinedcapacity

oflessthan

1GWwereactuallybuiltintheDutchEconomicZoneoftheNorth

Sea

bythattime.Firstaccelerationphase:4.5

GWin2023

(Roadmap2023)However,in2013,

theconditionsforoffshore

winddevelopmentchanged

significantlywhenabroad

coalitionofGovernment,employers’associations,trade

unions,environmentalprotectionorganizationsand

energycompanies,acceleratedclimateambitionsand

agreed

tokick-offtheDutchenergy

transition.The

resultingEnergyThird

accelerationphase:21

GWaround

2030(roadmap2030+)After

taking

office

inJanuary

2022,

thecurrentDutchgovernmentcommitted

toevenmoreambitioustargets

foroffshore

winddevelopment.InordertomeettheEU’sgoal8DutchOffshore

WindInnovationGuide9ofreducingCO

emissionsby55

percentby20301.4

Results

First

AccelerationPhase:Roadmap

20232compared

tothe1990

levels,theGovernmentannouncedaccelerationplansthatnearly

doublethecountry’soffshore

windtarget

from

thecurrent11.5GWtoapproximately21

GWofoperatingoffshore

windcapacityaround2030,equivalenttoaround75

percentofthecountry’scurrentelectricity

consumption.InMarch

andJune2022

thegovernmentsubsequentlydisclosedtheadditionalWindFarmZonesand

sitespecifictenderingtimelinesforeightadditionaloffshore

windfarms

withatotal

ofatleast

10.7GWtobe

putouttotenderbefore

theendof2027

and

tobe

upand

runningaround2030.Theeightnewprojects,locatedtothenorth

and

northwest

oftheNetherlands,includetheIJmuidenVer(noord)VandVI,

each

withacapacity

of1GW,

the2GWNederwiek(zuid)I,

the2GWNederwiek

(noord)II,

the2GWUnderthe2013

Energy

Agreement

and

2019

ClimateAgreement,

theGovernmentspurredtheactualdevelopmentofoffshore

windfarms

byissuingasteadyrolloutplanin2017

–the‘Roadmap2023’

and

in2019

–the‘Roadmap2030’.These

RoadmapssetouttherolloutsequenceinwhichtheWindFarmzonesand

includedsiteswillbe

developed,theprojectedgenerationcapacityoftheindividualsitesand

theyearoftenderingforinstallationand

operation.UndertheRoadmap2023,whichhad

itsfinal

tenderin2020,

thereweresuccessfultendersbetween

2016

and

2019

forfivelargescale

offshorewindfarms

and

onesmallinnovationfarm

–dividedoverthreedesignatedoffshore

windzones.Nederwiek

(noord)III,

the700

MW

HollandseKust(west)VIII,

the2GWDoordewindI,

and

the2GWDoordewindII.Borssele

WFZ

1&2(752

MW)ItisexpectedthattheNetherlandswillneed

atleast38

GWofoperatingoffshore

windcapacity

toreach

theclimate-neutralstatusby2050.

ThisimpliesthattheDutchgovernmentplanstodevelopanother16

GWofoffshore

windcapacity

between

2030

and

2050.These

efforts

are

already

includedintheEsbjergDeclarationinwhichBelgium,Denmark

GermanyandtheNetherlandsvowedtobringatleast

65

GWofoffshore

windby2030

and

150

GWby2050.In2016,

thefirst

sitesintheBorsseleWindFarmzone,located55

kilometresfrom

thePort

ofVlissingen,wertendered.Fiercecompetitionbetween

companiesinthepublictendertosecurethepermitand

associatedsubsidytobuildand

operatethewindfarm

(38bids),resultedinachievingafar

lowerthan

anticipatedprice(max.

12.4

Eurocentsperkilowatthour),makingtheprojectatthetimethecheapest

worldwide.The

permitand

accompanyingsubsidyfortheBorssele1&2offshore

windfarm

siteswerewonbyDongEnergy

(known

todayas

Ørsted),

basedonawinningbidof7.27Eurocentsperkilowatthour.Theoffshore

windfarm

suppliedpowerforthefirst

timethroughTenneT’soffshore

grid

inNovember2020

and

wasofficially

openedinSeptember2021.

CurrentlyNorgesBank

InvestmentManagement

(NBIM)is50%

co-owner

oftheBorssele1&2windfarm.enough

topowertheequivalentof825,000

Dutchhouseholds,ortomeetupto2.3

percentoftotal

Dutchelectricity

demand.Today,

Borssele’sshareholdersareShell,Eneco,INPEX,

SwissLife

AssetManagers

andLuxcara.Borssele

WFZ

5(19

MW)The

BorsseleWFZ

Vsite,designatedas

asmall-scaledemonstrationsiteforoffshore

windinnovations,waswonbytheTwo

Towersconsortium,comprisingVanOord,InvestriOffshore

and

Green

Giraffe

in2018.

SituatedwithinsiteIII

oftheBorsseleWindFarmZone,BorsseleVfeaturestwo

Vestas9.5-MW

turbinesand

severalinnovations,oneofwhichisasubmergedSlipJoint,anewmethodforsecuringturbinefoundationswhichhas

traditionallyaflanged

oragrouted

connection,significantlyreducingbothinstallationcosts

and

time.The

designand

manufacturingoftheSlipJointwerecertified

byDNV

GL

intheautumnof2019.Other

innovationsincludeThermally

SprayedAluminum(TSA),

ImpressedCurrentCathodicProtection(ICCP)optimization,and

ovalcable

entry

holes.Finally,theseabed

surroundingthetwo

BorsseleWFZ

VwindBorssele

WFZ

3&4(731,5

MW)Towardstheendof2016,

theBlauwwind

consortium,comprisingPartners

Group(45%),Shell(20%),DiamondGenerationEurope(full

subsidiaryofMitsubishiCorporation,15%),EnecoGroup(10%)and

VanOord

(10%,alsobeingtheBPcontractor),wonthesecondpermitandsubsidytobuildand

operatetheBorssele3&4offshorewindfarm

sites,featuring77

Vestas9.5MW

turbines,withawinningbidof5.45

Eurocentsperkilowatthour.WithBorsseleIII

&IV,thesubsidysavingswereevenhigherthan

fortheBorsseleI&II

projectswhich,atthetime,wassettobe

theworld’scheapest

offshore

windfarm.

ThesecondBorsseleoffshore

windfarm

was

constructedandoperatedwithasubsidyofjustEUR0.3billion,meaningthatit

can

potentiallybe

operatedwithoutsubsidyafter

7.5years.

The

originallyanticipatedsubsidywas

EUR5billion.The

final

windturbineattheBorssele3&4offshore

windsiteswas

installedinNovember2020.

BorsseleIII

&IV

areexpectedtoproducearound3TWh

ofelectricity

peryear,turbinesisfitted

witheco-friendlyscourprotection.11Scour

protection:

rocks

placed

on

the

seabed

around

the

foundations

toavoid

seabed

erosion.10DutchOffshore

WindInnovationGuide111.6

Kick-offRoadmap

2030:Hollandse

Kust(west)and

thecombinationoftheseindividualmeasurestoensureacontinuouspowersupplyregardless

ofthewind.Furthermore,themonopilesare

ofaTP-less

type,

whichmeansthattheyare

designedinsuchamannerthattheydonotrequiretransitionpieces.The

designissaid

toallowfaster

installationand

cost

reductions.WindFarm

Sites

VI

and

VIIOn

14

April2022,

theDutchgovernmentkicked-off

thecurrentRoadmap2030

bylaunchingthetenderforSitesVIand

VII

ofHollandseKust(west)WindFarmZone(HKWWFZ).

Located53

kilometersfrom

thecoast,

theHollandseKustWesttenderswillawardpermitstodeveloptwo

individual700

MW

siteswithinthewindfarm

zone.The

maximum

numberofturbinestobe

installedateachsiteis60,withan

individualratedcapacity

ofatleast14

MW.TransmissionsystemoperatorTenneT

willconstruct

two

offshore

platforms

withtwo

gridLast

butnotleast,

ShellNederland

and

ShellOverseasInvestments,bothsubsidiariesofShell,tooktheFinalInvestmentDecision(FID)tobuildHollandHydrogenI,whichissaid

tobe

Europe’slargest

renewablehydrogenplantonceoperationalin2025.

The

hydrogenproductionwillbe

poweredbyelectricity

comingfrom

theHollandseKustNoord

offshore

windfarm

whichisexpectedtobecomeoperationalin2023,

from

whenit

willbegeneratingatleast

3.3

TWh

peryear.connectionswithinthezone.Ifthewinningbidsgoforafullbuild-out,thezonescouldhaveatotal

combinedcapacity

ofatleast

1,680MW.The

projectorprojectsareexpectedtobe

operationalby2025

-2026.

Aswiththeprevioustenders,thewinningbidderwillbe

selectedonthebasisofacomparativeassessment.Undersitespecificrulesofthetenders,towintherights

forSiteVI,thebiddershad

toincludeecological

measuresintheirconcept,whereas

SiteVII

requiredinvestmentsandinnovationswhichare

beneficialfortheDutchenergysystemintegration.Anewelementinthistenderwillbe

aone-off

financialbidbyapotentialdeveloper.The

financialbidinthistenderiscapped

atEUR50

million.Thismeansthemaximum

scoreforthefinancialbidisachievedifadeveloperbidsEUR50

millionforthepermit,RVOsaid.Arelativenumberofpointsisawardedforalowerbid,instepsofEUR2.5

millionperpoint.1.5

Roadmap

2023:akickstarterfor

energy

transitionLookingbackattheresultsoftheRoadmap2023,

it

issafetoconcludethattheEnergy

Agreement

provedtobe

a‘game

changer’

forthedevelopmentofoffshore

windintheNetherlands.Undertheoldpolicyupto2013,

therewaslittle

activity

inoffshore

wind,withjustunder1GWcapacity

installedintotal.Withthemoreproactivecurrentpolicyapproach,alegal

framework

was

introducedand

atotal

of3.5GWhas

beensuccessfullytenderedbetween2016

and

2019,

withan

additional17

GWnowscheduledundertherevisedRoadmap2030+,whichwillresultinacombinedinstalledDutchoffshore

windcapacity

ofapproximately21

GWaround

2030.

The

cost

ofwindenergyhas

evengone

downsubstantiallyfaster

than

targeted.IntheEnergieakkoord2013

thecost

reductionwas

initiallytargeted

at40%

by2020

compared

topricelevelsin2010.The

target

pricefor2020

was

setto100

€/MWh.However,in2016

thepricelevelforBorsseleI&II

wasalready

substantiallylowerthan

thetarget

for2020.The

latesttendersfortheHollandseKustZuidand

Noordresultedinpricesevenwithoutsubsidy,onlygridconnectioncost

are

subsidized/publiclyfunded.InanevaluationoftheEnergy

Agreement

2023,

theindependentNetherlandsCourt

ofAuditfoundthatthecosts

foroffshore

haveevendropped80%.

Asaconsequencealsotheexpectedsubsidieshavedroppedsubstantially,from

an

expectedmaximum

of18

billionin2015

toThistechnology

isusedtoexplorehownatureandrenewableenergy

generationcan

be

mutuallyenhancing.Oysterswillbe

placedontheprotectivelayerofrock

ontheseabed

toimproveerosionprotectionas

wellasbiodiversityand

thenaturalhabitat

foraquaticwildlife.InJune2022

VanOord

has

soldits

shares

inthe

Borssele

Vwindfarm

toOctopus

Energy

Generation,oneofEurope’slargest

investorsinrenewables.donotrequiretransitionpieces.Thisdesignallowsfasterinstallationand

cost

reductions.Currently,BASFandAllianzare

co-owners

oftheHollandseKustZuidwindfarms.HollandseKust(noord)

(760

MW)In2020

theCrossWindconsortium,acollaborationbetween

Shell(80%)and

Eneco(20%),wonthetendertobuildand

operatethefifth

and

last

offshore

windfarm

undertheRoadmap2023.

Thiswindfarm

islocated18.5kilometresfrom

thecoast

ofEgmond

aan

ZeeintheNetherlands.Aswiththewindfarms

inHollandseKust(zuid),the760-MW

HollandseKust(noord)windfarm

wasalsotenderedbased

onzero-subsidyconditions.SimilarlytoHollandseKust(zuid),approximately25

percentofHollandseKust(noord)islocatedwithinthetwelve-milezoneoftheDutchterritories.Thismeansaseabed

lease,as

wellas

arental

agreement

fortheinfieldcabling,willbeestablishedbetween

thewindfarm

operatorand

TheCentral

GovernmentRealEstateAgency

and

TSO

TenneT.The

consortiumplanstohavetheHollandseKust(noord),featuring69

SiemensGamesa

11

MW

turbines,operationalbymid-2023

withan

installedcapacity

of760

MW,generatingatleast

3.3

TWh

peryear.The

competitionfortherights

tobuildand

ope