英语演讲稿Thehiddenpowerofsmiling附翻译

英语演讲稿Thehiddenpowerofsmiling附翻译英语演讲稿Thehiddenpowerofsmiling附翻译PAGEPAGE21英语演讲稿Thehiddenpowerofsmiling附翻译PAGE

英语演讲稿：Thehiddenpowerofsmiling（附翻译）

theballotorthebullet

bymalcolmx

april3,1964

cleveland,ohio

mr.moderator,brotherlomax,brothersandsisters,

friendsandenemies:ijustcan'tbelieveeveryoneinhereis

afriend,andidon'twanttoleaveanybodyout.thequestion

tonight,asiunderstandit,is"thenegrorevolt,andwhere

dowegofromhere?"orwhatnext?"inmylittlehumblewayof

understandingit,itpointstowardeithertheballotorthe

bullet.

beforewetryandexplainwhatismeantbytheballotor

thebullet,iwouldliketoclarifysomethingconcerningmyself.

i'mstillamuslim;myreligionisstillislam.that'smy

personalbelief.justasadamclaytonpowellisachristian

ministerwhoheadstheabyssinianbaptistchurchinnewyork,

butatthesametimetakespartinthepoliticalstrugglesto

tryandbringaboutrightstotheblackpeopleinthiscountry;

anddr.martinlutherkingisachristianministerdownin

atlanta,georgia,whoheadsanotherorganizationfightingfor

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thecivilrightsofblackpeopleinthiscountry;andreverendgalamison,iguessyou'veheardofhim,isanotherchristianministerinnewyorkwhohasbeendeeplyinvolvedintheschoolboycottstoeliminatesegregatededucation;well,imyselfamaminister,notachristianminister,butamuslimminister;andibelieveinactiononallfrontsbywhatevermeansnecessary.althoughi'mstillamuslim,i'mnotheretonighttodiscussmyreligion.i'mnotheretotryandchangeyourreligion.i'mnotheretoargueordiscussanythingthatwedifferabout,becauseit'stimeforustosubmergeourdifferencesandrealizethatitisbestforustofirstseethatwehavethesameproblem,acommonproblem,aproblemthatwillmakeyoucatchhellwhetheryou'reabaptist,oramethodist,oramuslim,oranationalist.whetheryou'reeducatedorilliterate,whetheryouliveontheboulevardorinthealley,you'regoingtocatchhelljustlikeiam.we'reallinthesameboatandweallaregoingtocatchthesamehellfromthesameman.hejusthappenstobeawhiteman.allofushavesufferedhere,inthiscountry,

politicaloppressionatthehandsofthewhiteman,economicexploitationatthehandsofthewhiteman,andsocialdegradationatthehandsofthewhiteman.2

nowinspeakinglikethis,itdoesn'tmeanthatwe'reanti-white,butitdoesmeanwe'reanti-exploitation,we'reanti-degradation,we'reanti-oppression.andifthewhitemandoesn'twantustobeanti-him,lethimstopoppressingandexploitinganddegradingus.whetherwearechristiansormuslimsornationalistsoragnosticsoratheists,wemustfirstlearntoforgetourdifferences.ifwehavedifferences,letusdifferinthecloset;whenwecomeoutinfront,letusnothaveanythingtoargueaboutuntilwegetfinishedarguingwiththeman.ifthelatepresidentkennedycouldgettogetherwithkhrushchevandexchangesomewheat,wecertainlyhavemoreincommonwitheachotherthankennedyandkhrushchevhadwitheachother.ifwedon'tdosomethingrealsoon,ithinkyou'llhavetoagreethatwe'regoingtobeforcedeithertousetheballotorthebullet.it'soneortheotherin1964.itisn'tthattimeisrunningout--timehasrunout!1964threatenstobethemostexplosiveyearamericahaseverwitnessed.themostexplosiveyear.why?it'salsoapoliticalyear.it'stheyearwhenallofthewhitepoliticians

willbebackintheso-callednegrocommunityjivingyouandmeforsomevotes.theyearwhenallofthewhitepolitical3

crookswillberightbackinyourandmycommunitywiththeirfalsepromises,buildingupourhopesforaletdown,withtheirtrickeryandtheirtreachery,withtheirfalsepromiseswhichtheydon'tintendtokeep.astheynourishthesedissatisfactions,itcanonlyleadtoonething,anexplosion;andnowwehavethetypeofblackmanonthesceneinamericatoday--i'msorry,brotherlomax--whojustdoesn'tintendtoturntheothercheekanylonger.don'tletanybodytellyouanythingabouttheoddsareagainstyou.iftheydraftyou,theysendyoutokoreaandmakeyouface800millionchinese.ifyoucanbebraveoverthere,youcanbebraverighthere.theseoddsaren'tasgreatasthoseodds.andifyoufighthere,youwillatleastknowwhatyou'refightingfor.i'mnotapolitician,notevenastudentofpolitics;infact,i'mnotastudentofmuchofanything.i'mnotademocrat.i'mnotarepublican,andidon'tevenconsidermyselfanamerican.ifyouandiwereamericans,there'dbenoproblem.thosehonkiesthatjustgotofftheboat,they'realreadyamericans;polacksarealreadyamericans;theitalianrefugees

arealreadyamericans.everythingthatcameoutofeurope,everyblue-eyedthing,isalreadyanamerican.andaslongas4

youandihavebeenoverhere,wearen'tamericansyet.well,iamonewhodoesn'tbelieveindeludingmyself.i'mnotgoingtositatyourtableandwatchyoueat,withnothingonmyplate,andcallmyselfadiner.sittingatthetabledoesn'tmakeyouadiner,unlessyoueatsomeofwhat'sonthatplate.beinghereinamericadoesn'tmakeyouanamerican.beingbornhereinamericadoesn'tmakeyouanamerican.why,ifbirthmadeyouamerican,youwouldn'tneedanylegislation;youwouldn'tneedanyamendmentstotheconstitution;youwouldn'tbefacedwithcivil-rightsfilibusteringinwashington,d.c.,rightnow.theydon'thavetopasscivil-rightslegislationtomakeapolackanamerican.no,i'mnotanamerican.i'moneofthe22millionblackpeoplewhoarethevictimsofamericanism.oneofthe22millionblackpeoplewhoarethevictimsofdemocracy,nothingbutdisguisedhypocrisy.so,i'mnotstandingherespeakingtoyouasanamerican,orapatriot,oraflag-saluter,oraflag-waver

no,noti.i'mspeakingasavictimofthisamericansystem.andiseeamericathroughtheeyesofthevictim.idon'tsee

anyamericandream;iseeanamericannightmare.these22millionvictimsarewakingup.theireyesare

comingopen.they'rebeginningtoseewhattheyusedtoonly

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lookat.they'rebecomingpoliticallymature.theyarerealizingthattherearenewpoliticaltrendsfromcoasttocoast.astheyseethesenewpoliticaltrends,it'spossibleforthemtoseethateverytimethere'sanelectiontheracesaresoclosethattheyhavetohavearecount.theyhadtorecountinmassachusettstoseewhowasgoingtobegovernor,itwassoclose.itwasthesamewayinrhodeisland,inminnesota,andinmanyotherpartsofthecountry.andthesamewithkennedyandnixonwhentheyranforpresident.itwassoclosetheyhadtocountalloveragain.well,whatdoesthismean?itmeansthatwhenwhitepeopleareevenlydivided,andblackpeoplehaveablocofvotesoftheirown,itisleftuptothemtodeterminewho'sgoingtositinthewhitehouseandwho'sgoingtobeinthedoghouse.lt.wastheblackman'svotethatputthepresentadministrationinwashington,d.c.yourvote,yourdumbvote,yourignorantvote,yourwastedvoteputinanadministrationinwashington,d.c.,thathasseenfittopasseverykindoflegislationimaginable,savingyouuntillast,thenfilibusteringontopofthat.andyourandmyleadershavetheaudacitytorunaroundclappingtheirhandsandtalkabouthowmuchprogresswe'remaking.andwhatagoodpresidentwehave.

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ifhewasn'tgoodintexas,hesurecan'tbegoodinwashington,

d.c.becausetexasisalynchstate.itisinthesamebreath

asmississippi,nodifferent;onlytheylynchyouintexaswith

atexasaccentandlynchyouinmississippiwithamississippi

accent.andthesenegroleadershavetheaudacitytogoandhave

somecoffeeinthewhitehousewithatexan,asoutherncracker

that'sallheis--andthencomeoutandtellyouandmethathe'sgoingtobebetterforusbecause,sincehe'sfrom

thesouth,heknowshowtodealwiththesoutherners.whatkind

oflogicisthat?leteastlandbepresident,he'sfromthesouth

too.heshouldbebetterabletodealwiththemthanjohnson.

inthispresentadministrationtheyhaveinthehouseofrepresentatives257democratstoonly177republicans.theycontroltwo-thirdsofthehousevote.whycan'ttheypasssomethingthatwillhelpyouandme?inthesenate,thereare67senatorswhoareofthedemocraticparty.only33ofthemarerepublicans.why,thedemocratshavegotthegovernment

sewedup,andyou'retheonewhoseweditupforthem.andwhathavetheygivenyouforit?fouryearsinoffice,andjustnow

gettingaroundtosomecivil-rightslegislation.justnow,aftereverythingelseisgone,outoftheway,they'regoingtositdownnowandplaywithyouallsummerlong--thesame

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oldgiantcongamethattheycallfilibuster.allthosearein

cahootstogether.don'tyoueverthinkthey'renotincahoots

together,forthemanthatisheadingthecivil-rightsfilibusterisamanfromgeorgianamedrichardrussell.whenjohnsonbecamepresident,thefirstmanheaskedforwhenhegotbacktowashington,d.c.,was"dicky"--that'showtight

theyare.that'shisboy,that'shispal,that'shisbuddy.but

they'replayingthatoldcongame.oneofthemmakesbelieve

he'sforyou,andhe'sgotitfixedwheretheotheroneisso

tightagainstyou,heneverhastokeephispromise.

soit'stimein1964towakeup.andwhenyouseethemcoming

upwiththatkindofconspiracy,letthemknowyoureyesare

open.andletthemknowyou--somethingelsethat'swideopen

too.it'sgottobetheballotorthebullet.theballotorthe

bullet.ifyou'reafraidtouseanexpressionlikethat,you

shouldgetonoutofthecountry;youshouldgetbackinthe

cottonpatch;youshouldgetbackinthealley.theygetall

thenegrovote,andaftertheygetit,thenegrogetsnothing

inreturn.alltheydidwhentheygottowashingtonwasgiveafewbignegroesbigjobs.thosebignegroesdidn'tneedbigjobs,theyalreadyhadjobs.that'scamouflage,that'strickery,that'streachery,window-dressing.i'mnottryingtoknockout

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thedemocratsfortherepublicans.we'llgettotheminaminute.butitistrue;youputthedemocratsfirstandthedemocratsputyoulast.lookatitthewayitis.whatalibisdotheyuse,sincetheycontrolcongressandthesenate?whatalibidotheyusewhenyouandiask,"well,whenareyougoingtokeepyourpromise?"theyblamethedixiecrats.whatisadixiecrat?ademocrat.adixiecratisnothingbutademocratindisguise.thetitularheadofthedemocratsisalsotheheadofthedixiecrats,becausethedixiecratsareapartofthedemocraticparty.thedemocratshaveneverkickedthedixiecratsoutoftheparty.thedixiecratsboltedthemselvesonce,butthedemocratsdidn'tputthemout.imagine,theselowdownsouthernsegregationistsputthenortherndemocratsdown.butthenortherndemocratshaveneverputthedixiecratsdown.no,lookatthatthingthewayitis.theyhavegotacongamegoingon,apoliticalcongame,andyouandiareinthemiddle.it'stime

foryouandmetowakeupandstartlookingatitlikeitis,andtryingtounderstanditlikeitis;andthenwecandealwithitlikeitis.

thedixiecratsinwashington,d.c.,controlthekeycommitteesthatrunthegovernment.theonlyreasonthe9

dixiecratscontrolthesecommitteesisbecausetheyhaveseniority.theonlyreasontheyhaveseniorityisbecausetheycomefromstateswherenegroescan'tvote.thisisnotevenagovernmentthat'sbasedondemocracy.lt.isnotagovernmentthatismadeupofrepresentativesofthepeople.halfofthepeopleinthesouthcan'tevenvote.eastlandisnotevensupposedtobeinwashington.halfofthesenatorsandcongressmenwhooccupythesekeypositionsinwashington,d.c.,arethereillegally,arethereunconstitutionally.iwasinwashington,d.c.,aweekagothursday,whentheyweredebatingwhetherornottheyshouldletthebillcomeontothefloor.andinthebackoftheroomwherethesenatemeets,there'sahugemapoftheunitedstates,andonthatmapitshowsthelocationofnegroesthroughoutthecountry.anditshowsthatthesouthernsectionofthecountry,thestatesthataremostheavilyconcentratedwithnegroes,aretheonesthathavesenatorsandcongressmenstandingupfilibusteringanddoingallotherkindsoftrickerytokeepthenegrofrombeingabletovote.thisispitiful.butit'snotpitifulforusanylonger;it'sactuallypitifulforthewhiteman,becausesoonnow,asthenegroawakensalittlemoreandseesthevisethathe'sin,seesthebagthathe'sin,seestherealgamethathe'sin,then

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thenegro'sgoingtodevelopanewtactic.

thesesenatorsandcongressmenactuallyviolatethe

constitutionalamendmentsthatguaranteethepeopleofthat

particularstateorcountytherighttovote.andthe

constitutionitselfhaswithinitthemachinerytoexpelany

representativefromastatewherethevotingrightsofthe

peopleareviolated.youdon'tevenneednewlegislation.any

personincongressrightnow,whoistherefromastateora

districtwherethevotingrightsofthepeopleareviolated,

thatparticularpersonshouldbeexpelledfromcongress.and

whenyouexpelhim,you'veremovedoneoftheobstaclesinthe

pathofanyrealmeaningfullegislationinthiscountry.infact,

whenyouexpelthem,youdon'tneednewlegislation,becausetheywillbereplacedbyblackrepresentativesfromcountiesanddistrictswheretheblackmanisinthemajority,notintheminority.

iftheblackmaninthesesouthernstateshadhisfullvotingrights,thekeydixiecratsinwashington,d.c.,whichmeansthekeydemocratsinwashington,d.c.,wouldlosetheirseats.thedemocraticpartyitselfwouldloseitspower.it

wouldceasetobepowerfulasaparty.whenyouseetheamountofpowerthatwouldbelostbythedemocraticpartyifitwere11

tolosethedixiecratwing,orbranch,orelement,youcanseewhereit'sagainsttheinterestsofthedemocratstogivevotingrightstonegroesinstateswherethedemocratshavebeenincompletepowerandauthorityeversincethecivilwar.youjustcan'tbelongtothatpartywithoutanalyzingit.isayagain,i'mnotanti-democrat,i'mnotanti-republican,i'mnotanti-anything.i'mjustquestioningtheirsincerity,andsomeofthestrategythatthey'vebeenusingonourpeoplebypromisingthempromisesthattheydon'tintendtokeep.whenyoukeepthedemocratsinpower,you'rekeepingthedixiecratsinpower.idoubtthatmygoodbrotherlomaxwilldenythat.avoteforademocratisavoteforadixiecrat.that'swhy,in1964,it'stimenowforyouandmetobecomemorepoliticallymatureandrealizewhattheballotisfor;whatwe'resupposedtogetwhenwecastaballot;andthatifwedon'tcastaballot,it'sgoingtoendupinasituationwherewe'regoingtohavetocastabullet.it'henorth,theydoitadifferentway.theyhaveasystemthat'sknownasgerrymandering,whateverthatmeans.itmeanswhennegroesbecometooheavilyconcentratedinacertainarea,andbegintogaintoomuchpoliticalpower,thewhitemancomesalongandchangesthedistrictlines.youmaysay,"whydoyou

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keepsayingwhiteman?"becauseit'sthewhitemanwhodoesit.ihaven'teverseenanynegrochanginganylines.theydon'tlethimgetneartheline.it'sthewhitemanwhodoesthis.andusually,it'sthewhitemanwhogrinsatyouthemost,andpatsyouontheback,andissupposedtobeyourfriend.hemaybefriendly,buthe'snotyourfriend.so,whati'mtryingtoimpressuponyou,inessence,isthis:youandiinamericaarefacednotwithasegregationistconspiracy,we'refacedwithagovernmentconspiracy.everyonewho'sfilibusteringisasenator--that'sthegovernment.everyonewho'sfinaglinginwashington,d.c.,isacongressman--that'sthegovernment.youdon'thaveanybodyputtingblocksinyourpathbutpeoplewhoareapartofthegovernment.thesamegovernmentthatyougoabroadtofightforanddieforisthegovernmentthatisinaconspiracytodepriveyouofyourvotingrights,depriveyouofyoureconomicopportunities,depriveyouofdecenthousing,depriveyouofdecenteducation.youdon'tneedtogototheemployeralone,itisthegovernmentitself,thegovernmentofamerica,thatisresponsiblefortheoppressionandexploitationanddegradationofblackpeopleinthiscountry.andyoushoulddropitintheirlap.thisgovernmenthasfailedthenegro.thisso-calleddemocracyhas

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failedthenegro.andallthesewhiteliberalshavedefinitelyfailedthenegro.so,wheredowegofromhere?first,weneedsomefriends.weneedsomenewallies.theentirecivil-rightsstruggleneedsanewinterpretation,abroaderinterpretation.weneedtolookatthiscivil-rightsthingfromanotherangle--fromtheinsideaswellasfromtheoutside.tothoseofuswhosephilosophyisblacknationalism,theonlywayyoucangetinvolvedinthecivil-rightsstruggleisgiveitanewinterpretation.thatoldinterpretationexcludedus.itkeptusout.so,we'regivinganewinterpretationtothecivil-rightsstruggle,aninterpretationthatwillenableustocomeintoit,takepartinit.andthesehandkerchief-headswhohavebeendillydallyingandpussyfootingandcompromising--wedon'tintendtoletthempussyfootanddillydallyandcompromiseanylonger.howcanyouthankamanforgivingyouwhat'salreadyyours?howthencanyouthankhimforgivingyouonlypartofwhat'salreadyyours?youhaven'tevenmadeprogress,ifwhat'sbeinggiventoyou,youshouldhavehadalready.that'snotprogress.andilovemybrotherlomax,thewayhepointedoutwe'rerightbackwherewewerein1954.we'renotevenasfarupaswewerein1954.we'rebehindwherewewerein1954.there'smore

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segregationnowthantherewasin1954.there'smoreracialanimosity,moreracialhatred,moreracialviolencetodayin1964,thantherewasin1954.whereistheprogress?andnowyou'refacingasituationwheretheyoungnegro'scomingup.theydon'twanttohearthat"turnthe-other-cheek"stuff,no.injacksonville,thosewereteenagers,theywerethrowingmolotovcocktails.negroeshaveneverdonethatbefore.butitshowsyouthere'sanewdealcomingin.there'snewthinkingcomingin.there'snewstrategycomingin.it'llbemolotovcocktailsthismonth,handgrenadesnextmonth,andsomethingelsenextmonth.it'llbeballots,orit'llbebullets.it'llbeliberty,oritwillbedeath.theonlydifferenceaboutthiskindofdeath--it'llbereciprocal.youknowwhatismeantby"reciprocal"?that'soneofbrotherlomax'swords.istoleitfromhim.idon'tusuallydealwiththosebigwordsbecauseidon'tusuallydealwithbigpeople.idealwithsmallpeople.ifindyoucangetawholelotofsmallpeopleandwhiphelloutofawholelotofbigpeople.theyhaven'tgotanythingtolose,andthey'vegoteverythingtogain.andthey'llletyou

knowinaminute:"ittakestwototango;whenigo,yougo."theblacknationalists,thosewhosephilosophyisblacknationalism,inbringingaboutthisnewinterpretationofthe15

entiremeaningofcivilrights,lookuponitasmeaning,asbrotherlomaxhaspointedout,equalityofopportunity.well,we'rejustifiedinseekingcivilrights,ifitmeansequalityofopportunity,becauseallwe'redoingthereistryingtocollectforourinvestment.ourmothersandfathersinvestedsweatandblood.threehundredandtenyearsweworkedinthiscountrywithoutadimeinreturn--imeanwithoutadimeinreturn.youletthewhitemanwalkaroundheretalkingabouthowrichthiscountryis,butyouneverstoptothinkhowitgotrichsoquick.itgotrichbecauseyoumadeitrich.youtakethepeoplewhoareinthisaudiencerightnow.they'repoor.we'reallpoorasindividuals.ourweeklysalaryindividuallyamountstohardlyanything.butifyoutakethesalaryofeveryoneinherecollectively,it'llfillupawholelotofbaskets.it'salotofwealth.ifyoucancollectthewagesofjustthesepeoplerighthereforayear,you'llberich

richerthanrich.whenyoulookatitlikethat,thinkhowrichunclesamhadtobecome,notwiththishandful,butmillionsofblackpeople.yourandmymotherandfather,whodidn'tworkaneight-hourshift,butworkedfrom"can'tsee"inthemorninguntil"can'tsee"atnight,andworkedfor

nothing,makingthewhitemanrich,makingunclesamrich.this

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isourinvestment.thisisourcontribution,ourblood.notonlydidwegiveofourfreelabor,wegaveofourblood.everytimehehadacalltoarms,wewerethefirstonesinuniform.wediedoneverybattlefieldthewhitemanhad.wehavemadeagreatersacrificethananybodywho'sstandingupinamericatoday.wehavemadeagreatercontributionandhavecollectedless.civilrights,forthoseofuswhosephilosophyisblacknationalism,means:"giveittousnow.don'twaitfornextyear.giveittousyesterday,andthat'snotfastenough."imightstoprightheretopointoutonething.wheneveryou'regoingaftersomethingthatbelongstoyou,anyonewho'sdeprivingyouoftherighttohaveitisacriminal.understandthat.wheneveryouaregoingaftersomethingthatisyours,youarewithinyourlegalrightstolayclaimtoit.andanyonewhoputsforthanyefforttodepriveyouofthatwhichisyours,isbreakingthelaw,isacriminal.andthiswaspointedoutbythesupremecourtdecision.itoutlawedsegregation.whichmeanssegregationisagainstthelaw.whichmeansasegregationistisbreakingthelaw.asegregationistisacriminal.youcan'tlabelhimasanythingotherthanthat.and

whenyoudemonstrateagainstsegregation,thelawisonyourside.thesupremecourtisonyourside.17

now,whoisitthatopposesyouincarryingoutthelaw?thepolicedepartmentitself.withpolicedogsandclubs.wheneveryoudemonstrateagainstsegregation,whetheritissegregatededucation,segregatedhousing,oranythingelse,thelawisonyourside,andanyonewhostandsinthewayisnotthelawanylonger.theyarebreakingthelaw;theyarenotrepresentativesofthelaw.anytimeyoudemonstrateagainstsegregationandamanhastheaudacitytoputapolicedogonyou,killthatdog,killhim,i'mtellingyou,killthatdog.isayit,iftheyputmeinjailtomorrow,killthatdog.thenyou'llputastoptoit.now,ifthesewhitepeopleinheredon'twanttoseethatkindofaction,getdownandtellthemayortotellthepolicedepartmenttopullthedogsin.that'sallyouhavetodo.ifyoudon'tdoit,someoneelsewill.ifyoudon'ttakethiskindofstand,yourlittlechildrenwillgrowupandlookatyouandthink"shame."ifyoudon'ttakeanuncompromisingstand,idon'tmeangooutandgetviolent;butatthesametimeyoushouldneverbenonviolentunlessyourunintosomenonviolence.i'mnonviolentwiththosewhoarenonviolentwithme.butwhenyoudropthatviolenceonme,thenyou'vemademegoinsane,andi'mnotresponsibleforwhatido.andthat'sthewayeverynegroshouldget.anytime

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youknowyou'rewithinthelaw,withinyourlegalrights,withinyourmoralrights,inaccordwithjustice,thendieforwhatyoubelievein.butdon'tdiealone.letyourdyingbereciprocal.thisiswhatismeantbyequality.what'sgoodforthegooseisgoodforthegander.whenwebegintogetinthisarea,weneednewfriends,weneednewallies.weneedtoexpandthecivil-rightsstruggletoahigherlevel--tothelevelofhumanrights.wheneveryouareinacivil-rightsstruggle,whetheryouknowitornot,youareconfiningyourselftothejurisdictionofunclesam.noonefromtheoutsideworldcanspeakoutinyourbehalfaslongasyourstruggleisacivil-rightsstruggle.civilrightscomeswithinthedomestic