大学英语外报复习lesson-7课件

LessonSeven

ObamaWinsasaSecondTermasU.S.PresidentWordsupplementhardnews硬新闻;纯消息

headlinen．新闻标题；内容提要

hearsayn．小道消息

highlightsn.要闻

hotnews热点新闻

humaninterest人情味

in-depthreporting深度报道

insertn.&vt．插补段落;插稿

interpretativereporting解释性报道

invasionofprivacy侵犯隐私(权)

invertedpyramid倒金字塔(写作结构)

investigativereporting调查性报道journalismn．新闻业;新闻学

journalistn．新闻记者

killvt．退弃(稿件)；枪毙(稿件)

layoutn．版面编排；版面设计

leadn．导语

libeln.v.诽谤(罪)

BackgroundinformationQuiz:somerelevantinformationaboutAmericanpoliticsElectionsforPresidentoftheUnitedStates

Someimportantfigures:BarackObama;MittRomneyQuiz:somerelevantinformationaboutAmericanpolitics1.WhoisresponsibleforrunningforUSpresidentialelection?A.ThefederalelectioncommissionB.TheStatesC.CongressD.Theorganizationforeconomiccooperationanddevelopment2.USpresidentialelectionsareheldevery__years.A.TwoB.FiveC.EightD.Four

3.WhatarethemajorpoliticalpartiesintheUnitedStates?A.WhigandToryB.DemocraticandRepublicanC.ConservativeandLiberalD.EvangelicalandDemocratic4.MembersoftheHouseofRepresentativesareelectedevery__yearsA.TwoB.FiveC.EightD.Four5.HowlongarethetermsservedbytheUSsenators?A.TwoyearsB.FouryearsC.SixyearsD.Eightyears6.WhatisthemaximumnumberoftermsaUSpresidentmayserve?A.OneB.twoC.ThreeD.Four7.Whendoestheinaugurationofpresident-electtakeplaceunderthenormalcircumstances?A.NovemberB.DecemberC.JanuaryD.March8.Whichoffollowingwordsmean“therighttovote”?A.SuffrageB.CanvasC.BallotD.Naturalization9.WhenisAmericannationalelectionheld?A.November5B.December25C.ThefirstTuesdayafterthefirstMondayofNovemberD.UncertainU.S.Capitol,Washington,D.C.

BuilderslaidthecornerstonefortheUnitedStatesCapitolin1793,andthebuildinghasbeentheseatofthecountry’sSenateandtheHouseofRepresentativessince1800.LegislativeBranchOrganizationBicameral(twohouse)politicSystemCongress:Senate(100)HouseofRepresentatives(435)

TheU.S.Capitol:SenateTheU.S.Capitol:HouseofRepresentatives

SenateOrganization

Becauseofitsrelativelysmallsize,theSenatehasasimpleorganizationalstructure.Thepresidentprotempore(temporary)controlsthechamber,butindividualmembershavesubstantialpowertoinfluenceorblocklegislation.StructureoftheHouseExecutiveBranchTheexecutivebranchoftheGovernmentisresponsibleforenforcingthelawsoftheland.President:LeaderofthecountryandCommanderinChiefofthemilitary.VicePresident:PresidentoftheSenateandbecomesPresidentifthePresidentisunabletoserve.Departments:DepartmentheadsadvisethePresidentonpolicyissuesandhelpexecutethosepolicies.IndependentAgencies:Helpexecutepolicyorprovidespecialservices.U.S.President&VicePresidentTheWhiteHouse(front)TheWhiteHouse(back)ExecutiveBranchofGovernmentThePresident'sCabinet(15Departments)1.SecretaryofState

DepartmentofState

(1789)国务院2.SecretaryoftheTreasury

DepartmentoftheTreasury

(1789)3.SecretaryofDefense

DepartmentofDefense

(1947)4.AttorneyGeneral

DepartmentofJustice

(1870)5.SecretaryoftheInterior

DepartmentoftheInterior

(1849)6.SecretaryofAgriculture

DepartmentofAgriculture

(1862)7.SecretaryofCommerce

DepartmentofCommerce

(1903)商务部8.SecretaryofLabor

DepartmentofLabor

(1913)SecretaryofHealthandHumanServices

DepartmentofHealthandHumanServices

(1953)

SecretaryofHousingandUrbanDevelopment

DepartmentofHousingandUrbanDevelopment

(1965)11.SecretaryofTransportation

DepartmentofTransportation

(1966):

12.SecretaryofEnergy

DepartmentofEnergy

(1977):

13.SecretaryofEducation

DepartmentofEducation

(1979)SecretaryofVeteransAffairs

DepartmentofVeteransAffairs

(1988):

15.SecretaryofHomelandSecurity

DepartmentofHomelandSecurity

(2003)JudicialBranch

SupremeCourtoftheUnitedStates---------------美国最高法院DistrictCourt-----------------------------------------------地方法院ClaimsCourt-----------------------------------------------索赔法院CourtofAppealsfortheFederalCircuit----------联邦巡回上诉法院CourtofInternationalTrade---------------------------国际贸易法院TerritorialCourts------------------------------------------属地法院CourtofMilitaryAppeals-------------------------------军事上诉法院CourtofVeteransAppeals-----------------------------退伍军人上诉法院AdministrativeOfficeoftheCourts-----------------法院行政管理局FederalJudicialCenter----------------------------------联邦司法中心

TheSupremeCourtBuilding

Since1935thismajesticmarblebuildinginWashington,D.C.,hashousedtheSupremeCourtoftheUnitedStates.ElectionofthePresidentOnNovember6,2012,Americanselectedthe45thPresidentoftheUnitedStates.ThisprocesswassetupintheUnitedStatesConstitution.TheConstitutionrequiresacandidateforthepresidencytobe:

1.Atleast35yearsold2.AnaturalborncitizenoftheUnitedStates3.AresidentoftheUnitedStatesfor14yearsSohowdoesonebecomePresidentoftheUnitedStates?Thefollowingstepsoutlinethegeneralprocessforpresidentialelections.StepI:PrimariesandCaucusesTherearemanypeoplewhowouldliketobecomePresident.Eachofthesepeoplehavetheirownideasabouthowourgovernmentshouldwork.Someofthesepeoplecanbelongtothesamepoliticalparty.That'swhereprimariesandcaucusescomein.Intheseelections,partymembersgettovoteforthecandidatethatwillrepresenttheirpartyintheupcominggeneralelection.Step2:NationalConventionsAttheendoftheprimariesandcaucuses,eachpartyholdsanationalconventiontofinalizetheselectionofonePresidentialnominee.Duringthistime,eachPresidentialcandidatechoosesarunning-mate(orVice-Presidentialcandidate).Step3:TheGeneral(orPopular)ElectionNowthateachpartyisrepresentedbyonecandidate,thegeneralelectionprocessbegins.Candidatescampaignthroughoutthecountryinanattempttowinthesupportofvoters.FinallyinNovember,thepeoplevoteforonecandidate.Whenapersoncastsavoteinthegeneralelection,theyarenotvotingdirectlyforanindividualPresidentialcandidate.Instead,votersineachstateactuallycasttheirvoteforagroupofpeople,knownaselectors.TheseelectorsarepartoftheElectoralCollegeandaresupposedtovotefortheirstatepreferredcandidate.Step4:TheElectoralCollegeIntheElectoralCollegesystem,eachstategetsacertainnumberofelectors,basedoneachstate'stotalnumberofrepresentationinCongress.Eachelectorgetsoneelectoralvote.Forexample,alargestatelikeCaliforniagets54electoralvotes,whileRhodeIslandgetsonlyfour.Alltogether,thereare538Electoralvotes.InDecember(followingthegeneralelection),theelectorscasttheirvotes.WhenthevotesarecountedonJanuary6th,thePresidentialcandidatethatgetsmorethanhalf(270)winstheelection.ThePresident-electandVicePresident-electtaketheoathofofficeandareinauguratedtwoweekslater,onJanuary20th.SomeimportantfiguresBarackObamaBarackHusseinObamawasborninHonolulu(1961),andgraduatedfromColumbia(B.A.1983)andHarvardLawSchool(J.D.1991).Soonafterlawschool,hemovedtoChicago,wherehepracticedcivil-rightslaw,lecturedonconstitutionallawattheUniversityofChicago,andwasactiveinDemocraticParty.HewaselectedtotheIllinoisstatesenatein1996,servinguntilhewonaU.S.Senateseatin2004.AsayoungDemocraticstar,heshockedthe2004Democraticconventionwithhiskeynoteaddress.Hebecameacandidateforthe2008and2012Democraticpresidentialnominationandwaselectedthenation’s44thand45thpresident.ObamaisthefirstAfrican-AmericanpresidentinAmericanhistory.MittRomneyWillardMittRomneyisanAmericanbusinessmanwhoservedastheGovernorofMassachusettsfrom2003to2007andPresidentandCEOoftheSaltLakeOrganizingCommitteeforthe2002WinterOlympics.HecampaignedfortheRepublicannominationinthepresidentialelection,butwasdefeatedbyJohnMcCain.Romneywonthe2012Republicanpresidentialnomination,becomingthefirstMormontobeamajorpartypresidentialnominee.RomneywasdefeatedbyincumbentDemocraticPresidentBarackObamaintheNovember2012generalelection,losingby332–206electoralcollegevotes.HurricaneSandy:HurricaneSandywasthedeadliestandmostdestructivehurricaneofthe2012Atlantichurricaneseason,aswellasthesecond-costliesthurricaneinUnitedStateshistory.TheCostliest:HurricaneKatrina,happenedin

August,2005卡特里娜飓风TextAnalysisTitle:ObamaWinsaSecondTermasU.S.President1.NewsLead/IntroductionPara._1__toPara.___2.MorefactsaboutthetwocandidatesPara.__2_toPara._6__3.MoredetailsabouttheelectionPara._7__toPara._12__4.Romney’slossPara._13__toPara._17__5.ThereasonsforObama’svictoryPara.__18_toPara._23__6.Morerelatedinfo.ofObamaPara.__24_toPara._35__NewWordslandsliden.1.avictoryinanelectioninwhichapersonorpoliticalpartygetsfarmorevotesorseatsthantheiropponents.

（选举中）大获全胜，一面倒的胜利2.alargeamountofearthandrocksfallingdownaclifforthesideofamountain.

塌方；山崩；滑坡Coalition(1)n.anorganizationofpeople(orcountries)involvedinapactortreatyScore(2)v.Ifyouscoreasuccess,avictory,orahit,youaresuccessfulinwhatyouaredoing赢得;获得;取得narrow:Ifyouhaveanarrowvictory,yousucceedinwinningbutonlybyasmallamount(胜利)勉强的;(胜负)差距微弱的;险胜的pickup(3):1.fillwithhighspirits2.startagain,continuefightone’sway:奋勇前进oblique(4)adj.notexpressedinadirectoranopenway拐弯抹角的，不直截了当的Contention(5)n.ideaoropinionthatsomebodyareexpressinginanargumentordiscussion争论或讨论时的)看法，观点batterv.tohitsb.orsth.againandagain,inawaythathurtsorcausesdamage连续猛击；毒打；严重破坏leaveeverythingonthefield(6):sparenoefforttodosth.fulfill:satisfy,liveupto履行；执行；实现asof(7):截止；在……时close:(ofacontestorcontestants)evenlymatched(指比赛、选举等）势均力敌的Margin(10)：differencebetweentwoamounts,especiallythedifferenceinthenumberofvotesorpointsbetweenthewinnerandtheloserinanelectionorothercontest

(尤指选票或比分的)差额，差数

returns(11):N-PLURALresultsofvotesafteranelection(选举)结果Milestone(17):

1.

astonebythesideofaroadshowingthedistancestoparticularplaces.

(路边显示到某地距离的）里程碑，里程标志

2.animportanteventinthehistoryordevelopmentofsomethingorsomeone.

里程碑;重大事件;重要阶段

fallshortof:failtosatisfy,asofexpectations不足；缺乏；达不到；不符合commanderinchief(18):theofficerwhoholdsthesupremecommand总司令；三军统帅；统帅；最高统帅bailout(19):helpsb./sth.outofadifficultsituation,oftenbygivingmoney（常指通过出资）帮助…脱离困境;保释（某人）；（从飞机上）跳伞逃生bailoutn.（公司所受的）紧急援助；跳伞Backer(21):n.someonewhohelpsorsupportsaproject,organization,orperson,oftenbygivingorlendingmoney

支持者；资助者

Arc(22):partofacurvedlineorcircle(弧线),inthisarticleitmeansacontinuousprogressionorlinefar-reaching:havingbroadrangeoreffect深远的；影响深远的Landmark(23):buildingorfeaturewhichiseasilynoticedandcanbeusedtojudgeyourpositionorthepositionofotherbuildingsorfeatures.

地标；陆标animportantstageinthedevelopmentofsomething里程碑；转折点NBAHallofFame(30):NBA名人堂NBAHallofFamer

Detailedstudyofthetext1.Para2.1stsentence:Obama,thenation’sfirstAfricanAmericanpresident,wonadecisivevictoryfinallybyputtingaseriesofnarrowvictoriestogetherduringhissecondrunforthepresident.2.2ndsentence:battlegrounds(p72note2)3.para.4:Obamaalsoindirectlymentionedtheweakadvantageofhiscampaign,hepointedoutthatthisfierceelectionwillbeenviedincountrieswithfewerfreedomsaroundtheworldbecausetheargumentstheyhadintheelectionaresymboloffreedom.Para.5.:Romney,aformerMassachusettsgovernor,hadbasedhiscampaignonjustoneargumentthatthecountry’seconomyisseriouslydamagedbecauseofObama’sfailures,andhisbusinessexperiencemadehimtheuniquelyqualifiedonetodealwiththesituation.Para.7:TillearlyWednesday,ObamaandRomneyareevenlymatchedinFlorida,butthisisirrelevanttoObamabecausehehadgot270electoralvotes.Para.9lastsen.:Now,ObamawasdeterminedtothrowhimselfintotheoldpartisanpoliticsandfightwiththeRepublicanswhomhesaidsupportedtherichandhehimselftriedtowinthesupportfromwomen.Para.10lastsen.:ThereareonetimemorewomenvoterswhovotedforObamathantheoneswhovotedforRomney.exitpoll:投票站出口民调Para.11:CapitolHill：theU.S.CongressPara.16:TheTeaPartyisatermadoptedbyagroupofUSconservativeswhodon’tliketaxes.It’sbasedontheBostonTeaParty,whichiswhatagrouppeoplewerecalledwhentheyprotestedBritishtaxeswhentheUSwasaBritishcolony.ButthewordsteapartyhaveadifferentmeaningintheUSWestandSouthwest.Ifabasketballteamisfacingtoughcompetition,someonewillsay,“Itwon’tbeateaparty,”meaningitwon’tbeapolitefight.InTexas,wheremostpeoplechoosecoffeeovertea,thewordteacanbeaninsult.TexasA&MUniversityfootballteammemberscalltheirrivals,theUniversityofTexas,“teasippers.”AndtheUniversityofTexasfootballteamhasbeenknowntocalltheColoradofootballteam“teasippers,”meaningthey’renotverytough.(taxedenoughalready)茶党这一说法，取自一群讨厌税收的美国保守主义者。它起源于波士顿茶叶党，当时美国还是英国的殖民地，有一群人起来反抗英国当局的税收政策，因此得名。但是在美国西部和西南部，teaparty这个词还有别的意思。如果一个篮球队面临一场艰难的比赛，有人就会说，“Itwon’tbeateaparty”，意思是说这场比赛不太好打。在德州，大部分人不喝茶喝咖啡，tea这个词带有侮辱性质。德州农工大学橄榄球队称他们的对手德州大学球队为“teasippers（茶客）”，而德州大学球队把同样的称呼用于科罗拉多球队，意思是说他们太弱了。Para.32:WhenoneWisconsinwomanpickedupthephonetolistentoObama,hehadgotthechancetomakeacorrectjudgmentabouthisrunningforthesecondtermasthepresident.

put/get/keepsth.inperspective:tojudgetheimportanceofsth.correctly正确判断/看待put/get/keepsth.outofperspective:to

failtojudgetherealimportanceofsth.不正确地判断/看待Question1:WhatarethemaindifferencesbetweenthepresentObamaandtheonefouryearsagoinaccordancewiththetext?FouryearsagoObamawasahopefuluniter,butnowheisadeterminedfighterformiddle-classinterests;fouryearsagohepromisedtoeliminatethecountry’spartisanpoliticsbutfailed,butnowheisdeterminedtothrowhimselfintoitandfightwithRepublicans.Question2:InwhichgroupsofpeopledidObamagetthemostandtheleastsupports?HegotthemostsupportsamongAfricanAmericansandtheleastsupportsinwhitemen.Question3:WhatisObama’scampaignsloganforthiscampaign?Andwhatdoesitmean?(para.24)Thesloganis“Forward”.Itisavagueslogananddoesnotgiveanyspecificideas,itjustcallsontheAmericanstotrusthimandgivehimthechancetomoveforwardandbethecountry’spresidentforanotherterm.Question4：Whatwerethethreeaction