土木工程专业英语期末复习题

..精选实用文档..精选?专业英语?复习题一、选择题civilengineeringdealtwithpermanentstructuresfor(civilian)use,whereasmilitaryengineeringdealtwithtemporarystructuresformilitaryuseattentionmust(bepaidto)theworkingtemperatureofthemachine.diplomaticrelations(havebeenestablished)betweenchinaandtheunitedstatesofAmericaadirectcurrentisacurrent(flowing)alwaysinthesamedirection.it’sourdutyto(complywith)thespecification.doseyourshop(supply)rebar?neitherInorhe(is)fondofmusic.the(above-mentioned)cements(水泥)arewidelyusedontheconstructionsite.theproductionofsteelhasbeenincreased(by)70%.ifthegardenisbig,somefloodlightscanbe(installed).(wherever)yougo,youcanseemanybuildings.dams,(bridge),watersupplysystems,andotherlargeprojectsordinarilyemployseveralengineerstoworktogether...精选实用文档..精选thebiggerquantityyouorder,(theloweruntilcostyouwillbeoffered).inmodernroadconstructions,powerfulmodernmachinesareemployedtomovemountainsandfillvalleystomakethe(surfaces)asdirectaspossible.besidesitsabilitytosustainloads,concreteisalsorequiredtobe(durable).tensilefailureof(reinforced)concretehappenseasilyandinvolvesprogressivemicro-cracking.concreteis(inherently)aporousmaterial(多孔材料)–mayIuseyourbikeforamoment?--(byallmeans)(一定，务必)19.conclusionscanbe(drawn)fromtheabovediscussion.’sasmallcountry,yethasalotof(potential)resources.21.aperson’scalorierequirementsvary(throughout)22.thereisacomputersyetem(withwhich)thecompanyisexperiencingproblems.23.usuallythereis(less)trafficinthestreetsonweekdaythanonSundays.24.Thethieftriedtoopenthelockeddoorbut(invain)25.crackswouldnotonlybeunsightlybutwould(expose)thesteelbarstocorrosionbymoistureandotherchemicalaction...精选实用文档..精选26.(havingpacked)theirluggage,thetouristshurriedtotheairport.27.generouspublicfundingofbasicsciencewould(leadto)considerablebenefitsforthecountry’shealth,wealthandsecurity.28.〞youareveryselfish,it’shightimeyou(realized)thatyouarenotthemostimportantpersonintheworld,〞edgarsaidtohisbossangrily.29.(evenif)thecalculationisright,scientistscanneverbesurethattheyhaveincludeallvariablesandmodeledaccurately.30.rememberthatcustomersdon’t(bargain)aboutpricesinthecity.二、词组互译tensilestrength抗拉强度：compressivestrength抗压强度constructionengineering建筑工程reinforcedconcrete钢筋混凝土rawmaterial原材料civilengineers土木工程师assemblagetechnology装配技术..精选实用文档..精选simplysupportedbeam简支梁continuousbeam连续梁framingmember框架构件bendingstrength抗弯强度shearingstrength抗剪强度billofquantities工程量清单estimatedcost预算本钱thecolumn-diagonaltrusstube对顶柱桁架筒体cashflow现金流动three-dimensional三维的Englishforspecializedscienceandtechnology专业外语geotechnicalengineering岩土工程foundationsettlement地基沉降fundamentalassumption根本假设bendingmoment弯曲力矩shearstress剪应力，剪切应力normalstress正应力，法向应力onschedule按时beinequilibriumwith与···平衡horizontalplane水平面verticalplane垂直面soilmechanics土力学..精选实用文档..精选aerialphotographs航空摄影sanitaryengineering卫生工程detrimentalagents有害因素jointaction联合作用deformedbars变形钢筋currentsituation(presentsituation)现状positivesequence正序negativesequence逆序〔负序〕fabricationplant加工厂〔加工设备〕financialbudget财政预算divideby除以inchargeof负责〔主管〕takeaccountof考虑到，顾及spectacularachievements惊人的成就ultrahigh-risebuildings超高层建筑terminatecontract解除合同〔终止合同〕spandrelbeams外墙托梁encroachon侵占，蚕食intersectsurfaces相交曲面bundled-tubestructures束筒结构takedeliveryof取货，提货三、翻译句子..精选实用文档..精选Thetermcivilengineeringoriginallycameintousetodistinguishitfrommilitaryengineering.土木工程这个术语起初是用来与军事工程相区别的，土木工程处理的是民用的永久性建筑结构，而军事工程那么是主要负责处理临时性的军用建筑。Greaterheightentailsincreasedcolumnandbeamsizestomakebuildingsmorerigidsothatunderwindloadtheywillnotswaybeyondanacceptablelimit.更多的高度需要增加柱和梁的尺寸来使建筑物的刚性更强，以使它们在风荷载作用下在容许范围内摆动。Structuralsystemsofreinforcedconcreteaswellassteel,takefulladvantageoftheinherentpotentialstiffnessofthetotalbuildingandthereforedonotrequireadditionalstiffeningtolimitthesway.钢筋混凝土个钢结构系统充分利用了整个建筑的固有的潜在的刚度，因此不需要额外的加强材料来限制倾斜。Thetubestructuralsystemwasdevelopedforimprovingtheresistancetolateralforcesandthecontrolofdriftinhigh-risebuilding.筒体结构体系的开展是为了提高高层建筑抵抗侧向力和飘移的能力。薄壳筒体使筒体结构体系又向前迈进了一步。Withthecontinuingneedforlargerandtallerbuildings,theframedtubeorthecol..精选实用文档..精选umn-diagonaltrusstablemaybeusedinabundledformtocreatelargertubeenvelopswhilemaintaininghighefficiency.随着对更大更高的建筑的持续要求，框筒或对顶柱桁架筒体可能被用在捆绑的形式以创作更大的筒体外壳，同时又保持了高效力。Theprinciplesoffluidmechanicscanbeappliedtodailylifeasinthecaseoftheplanes,themovementoffishinwater,andthecirculationofbloodintheveins.流体力学原理可以应用到日常生活中，如：飞行的飞机、鱼在水中的游动及血管中的血液循环等情况。Anthropogenicorhuman-inducedpollutantshaveoverloadthesystem.人类或人类的活动引起的污染物已经超过了生态系统的承受能力。Theroleofanenvironmentalengineeristobuildabridgebetweenbiologyandtechnologybyapplyingallthetechniquestothejobofcleaningthedebris.环境工程师的作用是，通过将各种技术应用于垃圾清理的工作中，从而在生物与技术之间建造一座桥梁。Surveyingisdefinedanartofcollectingdataformappingtherelativepositionsofpointsonthesurfaceofearthinahorizontalplane.测量是指为收集数据，以便在水平面内画出地球外表点的位置图的一种技术。..精选实用文档..精选Theengineeringmarvelsoftheworld,startingfromthepyramidstotodaysthinshellstructures,aretheresultsofdevelopmentincivilengineering.Ashereunderstood,itisthebodyofscientificknowledgewhichpermitsonetopredictwithagooddegreeofcertaintyhowastructureofgivenshapeanddimensionswillbehavewhenacteduponbyknownforceorothermechanicalinfluences.正如由此处所知结构力学是科学知识体系，它使得人们能很确定地预测给定形状和尺寸的结构在力或其他力学因素下的性能。Thispropositionisnotanassumptionbutafact,becauseanybodyoranyportionthereofcanbeatrestonlyifallforcesactingonitareinequilibrium.这一命题不是假设，而是事实，因为只有作用于物体或物体一局部的力平衡时，它才能静止。Actually,thejointactionoftwomaterialsasdissimilarandcomplicatedasconcreteandsteelissocomplexthatithasnotyetlentitselftopurelycatalyticaltreatment.实际上，像混凝土和钢材这样既复杂又不同的两种材料的联合作用是非常复杂的，目前还不能对其进行纯分析处理。..精选实用文档..精选fromthisstudyalistofallitemsofworkisprepared,andrelateditemsearthengroupedtogetherforlistingonamasterschedule.根据研究，列出施工工程的各项工作内容，并将相关内容归为一类，列在主要施工进度表上。otherconstructionengineeringdutiesarethelayoutoftheworkbysurveyingmethods,thepreparationofdetaildrawingstoclarifythedesignengineer’sdrawingsfortheconstructioncrews,andtheinspectionoftheworktoensurethatitcomplieswithplansandspecifications.工程施工的其他任务是：通过测量进行工程放线；准备细部图纸，以使施工技术人员弄清设计工程师的图样意图；工程检查，以保证工程施工遵循设计及设计说明书。根据词根或词缀写单词ag=do,act做，动agency机构，作用；agential代理人agri=field田地，农田agriculture田地，农田；agricultural农业的，农艺的ann=year年anniversary周年纪念日annual每年的，年度的4.audi=hear听Audience听众，倾听auditorium礼堂，讲堂..精选实用文档..精选brev=short短brief短暂的，简短的briefness短暂，简短ced=go行走precedent先行的，在前的unprecedented无先例的，空前的cept=take拿，取except除···之外exception例外，除外cid，cis=cut，kill切，杀decide决定decision决定，决心circ=ring环，圆Circulate循环circle圆，圈claim，clam=cry，shout喊叫exclaim呼喊，惊叫exclamation呼喊，惊叫11.clar=clear清楚，明白