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EnglishWordsfromLatin&Greek
Increasespelling,vocabulary,andreadingcomprehension1SusanEbbers2005HowmanywordsarethereintheEnglishLanguage?TheSecondEditionoftheOxfordEnglishDictionarycontainsfullentriesfor171,476wordsincurrentuse,and47,156obsoletewords.Tothismaybeaddedaround9,500derivativewordsincludedassubentries.Overhalfofthesewordsarenouns,aboutaquarteradjectives,andaboutaseventhverbs;therestismadeupofinterjections,conjunctions,prepositions,suffixes,etc.Thesefigurestakenoaccountofentrieswithsensesfordifferentpartsofspeech(suchasnounandadjective).2SusanEbbers2005Yea,yea,sogettothepoint…Thissuggeststhatthereare,attheveryleast,aquarterofamilliondistinctEnglishwords,excludinginflections,andwordsfromtechnicalandregionalvocabularynotcoveredbytheOED,orwordsnotyetaddedtothepublisheddictionary,ofwhichperhaps20percentarenolongerincurrentuse.Ifdistinctsenseswerecounted,thetotalwouldprobablyapproach….3SusanEbbers2005Areyoureadyforthis?threequartersofamillion750,000Thatsalotawords!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!4SusanEbbers2005Realworlddemands….Only30%of4thgradersareproficientreadersNationalAssessmentofEducationalProgress(NAEP2007)42millionadultsintheUSare"functionallyilliterate,"meaningthatcan'treadthefrontpageofthenewspaper.(NAEP2007)Lackofvocabularycanbeacrucialfactorunderlyingtheschoolfailureofdisadvantagestudents(Becker,1977;Bielmiller,1999).5SusanEbbers2005Theaveragesixthgradestudentknowsapproximately25,000words.Theaveragehighschoolgraduateknowsapproximately50,000words. Thismeansthataveragestudentslearnroughly2000-3,000wordsayear(Graves,2007).Thistranslatesto8wordsaday,7daysaweek,52weeksayear-includingweekendsorsummers.Shrinkingpersonalvocabularies6SusanEbbers2005Somespecificsontheimportanceofvocabulary…Growingupinpovertycanseriouslyrestrictthevocabularychildrenlearnbeforebeginningschoolandmakeattaininganadequatevocabularyaverychallengingtask(Coyne,Simmons,&Kame'enui,2004;Hart&Risley,1995).Lessadvantagedstudentsarelikelytohavesubstantiallysmallervocabulariesthantheirmoreadvantagedclassmates(Templin,1957;White,Graves,&Slater,1990).7SusanEbbers2005Itisestimatedthatbyage3,somelessadvantagedstudentshaveheard
30millionfewerwordsthantheirmoreadvantagedpeers.Itisalsoestimatedthesestudents’vocabulariesmaybehalfthesizeofthoseoftheirmoreadvantagedcounterparts(HartandRisely2003&Graves,2007).8SusanEbbers2005Betcha’didn’tknow…
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