语法形容词和副词

第3讲

形容词、副词和比较等级考点1形容词与副词【考题小练】1.Asuddenstopcanbeaveryfrighteningexperience,_________(especial)ifyouaretravelingathighspeed.2._________(obvious),Iwasdoingverybadly.especiallyObviously【考点精讲】1.形容词与副词的句法功能词性功能例句形容词作定语、表语、补语和状语(与句子用逗号隔开)。修饰不定代词(后置)HecanspeakfluentEnglish.Shefeelsgreatlyfortunateworkinginabigcompany.词性功能例句副词作状语。方位副词可作后置定语、表语或补语Fortunatelyforher,sheworksinabigcompany.【点津】(1)通常只作表语的形容词:①以“a-”开头的形容词:afraid害怕的,alone孤单的,alive活着的,alike相似的,ashamed羞愧的,awake醒着的;②content,worth,ill(有病的,不舒服的),sure,liable,well等。(2)通常不用“人”作主语的形容词:possible,impossible,probable,convenient,necessary等。(3)形容词作状语时,其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。2.兼有两种形式的副词其中一种形式与形容词相同,另一种形式是在形容词后加后缀-ly。这两种形式的副词表示的意义不同。【点津】下列单词以-ly结尾,但却是形容词而非副词:lively,lonely,lovely,deadly,friendly,ugly,silly,likely,timely等。3.句子副词的用法有些副词并不修饰动词,而是修饰整个句子,表示说话人的看法。常见的这类副词有:(1)表递进:besides,further,then,moreover等。(2)表结果:therefore,consequently,accordingly,thus等。(3)表转折:though,instead,otherwise,however等。(4)表等同:similarly,equally等。(5)表对比:rather,oppositely等。(6)表概括:altogether,generally等。(7)表列举:first(ly),second(ly),finally等。(8)表同位:namely等。(9)表时间:meanwhile,sometimes,occasionally等。(10)表特指:particularly,especially等。【题组训练】1.This,togetherwithhisthin,twistedbodyandawkward_____(face)expressions,canoftencausepeopletotreathimasifhewereabackwardchild.2.Wewillgive99%ofourFacebookshares-________(current)about$45billion-toadvancethisvaluablemission.facialcurrently3.___________(surprising),hedidnottakemyofferbutrathertoldmetopasstheactofkindnessforwardandhelpmorepeopleinneed. 世纪金榜导学号4.ActivitiesareheldeverypartofChina,butthecelebrationsinthecityofMiluoaremost__________(fascinate).Surprisinglyfascinating考点2比较等级【考题小练】1.Onourwayhome,thejourneywasmuch_____(easy)thanbeforeaseveryoneelsefellfastasleep.So,Ijusttookmytimeandenjoyedthedrive.easier2.AtthattimeIknewithadtobeasignificantdaytothem.Nothingcouldbe______(good)ifsomeoneofferedtohelpthem.better【考点精讲】1.比较级和最高级的构成(1)规则形式①单音节以及少数双音节形容词和副词,在原级后加-er,-est构成,如hard—harder—hardest。其他特殊变化见下表:特殊情况构成方式例词以不发音的e结尾加-r和-stbrave—braver—bravest以“辅音字母+y”结尾变y为i,再加-er和-esthappy—happier—happiest以重读闭音节结尾双写词尾字母,再加-er和-esthot—hotter—hottest②多音节和部分双音节形容词和副词,在原级前加more,most构成。active—moreactive—mostactivehappily—morehappily—mosthappily【点津】①少数双音节词及以-er或-le结尾的词,可以有两种比较级和最高级形式common—commoner/morecommon—commonest/mostcommon②表示“最高程度”的形容词,如excellent,extreme,perfect,favorite等,没有最高级,也不能用比较级。(2)不规则形式good/well—better—bestfar—farther/further—farthest/furthestbad/ill/badly—worse—worst2.比较等级的用法(1)基本用法①两者相比,表示“和……一样”,用“as+原级+as”表示。*Helearnsasquicklyashisclassmates.【点津】在同级比较中,若出现形容词修饰单数可数名词,其语序为:as+adj.+a(n)+n.+as。*Ourneighborhasasbigahouseasours.②两者相比,表示“不如……”,用“notas/so+原级+as”。*Henrydoesnothaveas/somanybooksasIhave.

③两者相比,表示“比……更”,用“比较级+than”;表示“不比……更”,用“not+比较级+than”。*SeekinginformationontheInternetismoreconvenientthansearchinginalibrary.【点津】有些形容词本身含有比较的意义,其后面用to而不用than。如:superiorto(优于,高于);inferiorto(次于);seniorto(年长于,地位高于);juniorto(地位低于),priorto(早于,较重要于)④三个或三个以上的人或事物比较,表示最高程度时,用“the+最高级+比较范围”。*Duringthe1990s,MichaelJordanwasprobablythebest-knownbasketballplayerintheworld.(2)特殊用法①“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。*Ourschoolisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.②“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越……,就越……”。*Thebusierheis,thehappierhefeels.③“more+原级+than”表示“与其说……不如说……”。*Sheismorecarelessthanstupid.④“morethan+主语+can+谓语”表示“非……所能;……不能”。*ThebeautyofthecityismorethanIcandescribe.⑤“否定词+比较级”表示肯定的最高级*Yourstoryisperfect;I’veneverheardabetteronebefore.*Ican’tagreemore.我非常同意。⑥表示倍数的三个常用句型a...倍数+as+原级+as...*HecanrunthreetimesasfastasJohn.b...倍数+比较级+than...*Thistableisthreetimesbiggerthanthatone.c...倍数+thesize/length/width/height,etc.+of...*Ourclassroomisthreetimesaslargeastheirs.=Ourclassroomisthreetimeslargerthantheirs.=Ourclassroomisthreetimesthesizeoftheirs.3.比较等级的修饰语(1)修饰比较级的常用词和短语有rather,much,still,even,far,alot,alittle,agreatdeal,(by)far,abit等。*Thestudentsstudyevenharderthanbefore.(2)常用的最高级的修饰语有byfar,nearly,almost,bynomeans,notreally以及序数词等。*I’dliketobuythesecondmostexpensivecamera.【点津】byfar通常用来修饰最高级,但也可修饰比较级。修饰比较级时,一般放在比较级后面,若在前面,应在两者之间加the。*Thebookisbetterbyfarthanthatone.*Heisbyfarthetallerofthetwobrothers.

【题组训练】1.Toooftenwefailtorecognizethedifferencebetweenthepersonandtheperformance.Weforgetthatforgivenessis_______(great)thanrevenge. 世纪金榜导学号2.Theyresponded,andseemedtoplay______(good)thanbeforewhenthemomentswerecritical.greaterbetter3.PolynesiaandMicronesiahavethe_______(high)rateofall—aroundhalfoftheyoungpopulationinthesecountriesisoverweightorobese.highestⅠ.语法填空解题技法【高考试水区】1.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal______(globe)fertilizerconsumption.global2.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Atasteformeatis_______(actual)behindthechange:Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens,pigs,andcattle.3.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears______(long)thannon-runners.actuallylonger4.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Runningischeap,easyandit’salways________(energy). 世纪金榜导学号5.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Thatmakesherbabyscream,andthena400-poundmaleappears.Hescreamsthe_______(loud)ofall.energeticloudest【微技能点拨】1.

看到空格处修饰的是名词,要想到用形容词。2.

看到空格处修饰的是动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,要想到用副词。3.

看到与than连用,要想到用形容词或副词的比较级。4.

看到and,or,but等并列连词前或后用的比较级,要想到用比较级。5.

看到语境中暗含比较含义,要想到用比较级(二者之间)或最高级(三者及以上)。6.

熟记固定搭配或句型。Ⅱ.短