高考英语一轮复习课件：　主旨大意

A组统一命题·课标卷题组Passage1(2018课标全国Ⅱ,D)词数:312Weveallbeenthere:inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,surroundedbypeoplewhoare,

likeus,deeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,strugglingwiththeuncomfortablesilence.Whatstheproblem?Itspossiblethatweallhavecompromisedconversationalintelligence.Itsmorelikelythatnoneofusstartaconversationbecauseitsawkwardandchallenging,orwethinkitsannoyingandunnecessary.Butthenexttimeyoufindyourselfamongstrangers,considerthatsmalltalkisworththetrouble.Expertssayitsaninvaluablesocialpracticethatresultsinbigben-efits.Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecantforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldntevenexistifitwerentforcasualconversation.Smalltalkisthegrease(润滑剂)forsocialcommunication,saysBernardoCarducci,directoroftheShynessResearchInstituteatIndianaUniversity五年高考Southeast.“Almosteverygreatlovestoryandeachbigbusinessdealbeginswithsmalltalk,”he

explains.“Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustcom-

municatewiththem.”Ina2014study,ElizabethDunn,associateprofessorofpsychologyatUBC,invitedpeopleontheir

wayintoacoffeeshop.Onegroupwasaskedtoseekoutaninteraction(互动)withitswaiter;the

other,tospeakonlywhennecessary.Theresultsshowedthatthosewhochattedwiththeirserver

reportedsignificantlyhigherpositivefeelingsandabettercoffeeshopexperience.“Itsnotthat

talkingtothewaiterisbetterthantalkingtoyourhusband,”saysDunn.“Butinteractionswithpe-

ripheral(边缘的)membersofoursocialnetworkmatterforourwell-beingalso.”Dunnbelievesthatpeoplewhoreachouttostrangersfeelasignificantlygreatersenseofbelong-

ing,abondwithothers.Carduccibelievesdevelopingsuchasenseofbelongingstartswithsmall

talk.“Smalltalkisthebasisofgoodmanners,”hesays.1.Whatphenomenonisdescribedinthefirstparagraph?A.Addictiontosmartphones.B.Inappropriatebehavioursinpublicplaces.C.Absenceofcommunicationbetweenstrangers.D.Impatiencewithslowservice.2.WhatisimportantforsuccessfulsmalltalkaccordingtoCarducci?A.Showinggoodmanners.

B.Relatingtootherpeople.C.Focusingonatopic.

D.Makingbusinessdeals.3.Whatdoesthecoffee-shopstudysuggestaboutsmalltalk?A.Itimprovesfamilyrelationships.B.Itraisespeoplesconfidence.C.Itmattersasmuchasaformaltalk.D.Itmakespeoplefeelgood.4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ConversationCounts B.WaysofMakingSmallTalkC.BenefitsofSmallTalk D.UncomfortableSilence答案[语篇解读]本文为说明文。介绍了“smalltalk(闲聊)”的重要性及其意义。1.C细节理解题。题干句意:第一段描述的是什么现象?根据第一段描述(无论我们身在何处,

在电梯里、在银行排队或者在飞机上,我们周围的人或是像我们一样在埋头看智能手机,或是

更坏,在和令人不安的沉默做斗争)可知,C项“陌生人之间缺乏交流”和首段描述一致,故答案

为C项。A项“手机控”只是该段描述现象时举的例子;B项“公共场合的不恰当行为”与首

段意思不符;D项“对缓慢的服务缺乏耐心”和第一段的描述无关。2.B细节理解题。题干句意:根据Carducci的说法,对于成功的闲聊来说什么是重要的?根据

第三段最后一句(成功的闲聊的关键是学会如何同他人建立联系而不仅仅是同他们交流)可

知,B项“能够理解并认同他人”符合题意,故答案为B项。本题干扰项为A“显示良好的行为

举止”,错因在于锁定的句子“最后一段最后一句(闲聊是良好举止的基础)”和题干要求不

一致,答非所问;D项“做生意”受第三段第三句(几乎每一个伟大的爱情故事和每一单大的生意都源于闲聊)的影响,犯了逻辑推理错误;C项“聚焦一个话题”在文中没有涉及。3.D推理判断题。题干句意:关于闲聊,咖啡店调研表明了什么?根据第四段中的内容(结果表

明那些同服务生闲聊的人明显有更高的积极情感和较好的咖啡店体验。不是同服务生交谈

比和你的丈夫交谈更好,而是同社交网络的边缘人员的互动也对我们的健康和幸福很重要)可

知,D项“它使得人们感觉良好”与题意相符,故答案为D项。A项“它改善家庭关系”、B项

“它提升人们的自信”和C项“它和正式交谈一样重要”在文章中没有涉及,属于主观臆断。4.C主旨大意题。题干句意:文章最好的标题是什么?根据第二段最后一句(专家说闲聊是一

种可带来巨大益处的极有价值的社交行为)以及最后一段最后一句(闲聊是良好举止的基础)

可知,C项“闲聊的益处”与题干要求一致,故答案为C项。A项“会话很重要”为干扰项,错在

偷换概念,conversation(会话,交谈)和smalltalk(闲谈)不是一个概念;文章没有就闲聊的方式或

方法做具体的解释,故排除B项“进行闲聊的方式”;D项“令人不安的沉默”只是第一段提

到的现象之一,而不是文章的主旨。长难句

Itsmorelikelythatnoneofusstartaconversationbecauseitsawkwardandchallenging,orwethinkitsannoyingandunnecessary.更可能的是我们中没有一个人开始交谈,因为这

样做是令人尴尬的和富有挑战性的,或者我们认为这样做是令人讨厌的,并且没有必要。it为形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的主语从句;在主语从句中because引导原因状语从句,并

列连词or连接两个并列的分句。高级语块

1.intelligencen.智力,智慧,聪明2.awkwardadj.笨拙的,令人尴尬的3.invaluableadj.极有价值的4.psychologyn.心理学,心理5.significantlyadv.显著地;大大地Passage2(2018课标全国Ⅱ,C)词数:294Teensandyoungerchildrenarereadingalotlessforfun,accordingtoaCommonSenseMediare-

portpublishedMonday.Whilethedeclineoverthepastdecadeissteepforteenreaders,somedatainthereportshowsthatreadingremainsabigpartofmanychildrenslives,andindicateshowparentsmighthelpencour-

agemorereading.Accordingtothereportskeyfindings,“theproportion(比例)whosaythey‘hardlyever’read

forfunhasgonefrom8percentof13-year-oldsand9percentof17-year-oldsin1984to22per-

centand27percentrespectivelytoday.”Thereportdatashowsthatpleasurereadinglevelsforyoungerchildren,ages2—8,remainlargely

thesame.Buttheamountoftimespentinreadingeachsessionhasdeclined,fromclosertoanhour

ormoretoclosertoahalfhourpersession.Whenitcomestotechnologyandreading,thereportdoeslittletocounsel(建议)parentslooking

fordataabouttheeffectofe-readersandtabletsonreading.Itdoespointoutthatmanyparentsstill

limitelectronicreading,mainlyduetoconcernsaboutincreasedscreentime.Themosthopefuldatasharedinthereportshowsclearevidenceofparentsservingasexamples

andimportantguidesfortheirkidswhenitcomestoreading.Datashowsthatkidsandteenswho

doreadfrequently,comparedtoinfrequentreaders,havemorebooksinthehome,morebookspurchasedforthem,parentswhoreadmoreoften,andparentswhosetasidetimeforthemtoread.Astheendofschoolapproaches,andschoolvacationreadinglistsloom(逼近)ahead,parents

mighttakethischancetostepinandmaketheirownsummerreadinglistandplanafamilytripto

thelibraryorbookstore.1.WhatistheCommonSenseMediareportprobablyabout?A.Childrensreadinghabits.B.Qualityofchildrensbooks.C.Childrensafter-classactivities.D.Parent-childrelationships.2.Wherecanyoufindthedatathatbestsupports“childrenarereadingalotlessforfun”?A.Inparagraph2.

B.Inparagraph3.C.Inparagraph4.

D.Inparagraph5.3.Whydomanyparentslimitelectronicreading?A.E-booksareofpoorquality.B.Itcouldbeawasteoftime.C.Itmayharmchildrenshealth.D.E-readersareexpensive.4.Howshouldparentsencouragetheirchildrentoreadmore?A.Actasrolemodelsforthem.B.Askthemtowritebookreports.C.Setupreadinggroupsforthem.D.Talkwiththeirreadingclassteachers.答案[语篇解读]本文为说明文。根据“常识媒体”所做的一项调查可知,与过去相比,十几岁的

孩子们进行趣味阅读的量越来越少。1.A主旨大意题。本题题干意为:“常识媒体”所做的这个报告可能是关于什么的?本文为

说明文,第一段为本文的主旨段。根据第一段(根据周一出版的“常识媒体”的一个报告,十

几岁的孩子和更小的孩子进行趣味阅读的量少多了。)可知该报告主要讲的是孩子们的阅读习惯的变化,故答案为A项。B项(儿童图书的质量)、C项(孩子们的课外活动)和D项(父母与孩

子间的关系)均不是该报告的内容,故全被排除。2.B细节理解题。本题题干意为:你在哪里可以找到最能支撑“孩子们进行趣味阅读的量越

来越少”这一说法的数据?本文第一段提出了本文主题,即孩子们进行趣味阅读的量越来越

少。然后在第三段通过数据(...hasgonefrom8percentof13-year-oldsand9percentof17-year-

oldsin1984to22percentand27percentrespectivelytoday.)来支撑这一说法,故答案为B项。3.C细节理解题。本题题干意为:为什么许多家长限制电子阅读?根据第五段最后一句(……

许多家长仍然限制电子阅读,主要是因为他们担心那会增加孩子面对屏幕的时间。)可知家长

限制电子阅读的原因是担心孩子们的健康,故答案为C项。A:电子图书质量差;B:那可能会浪

费时间;D:电子阅读器很昂贵。以上三项均未被提及,故全部排除。4.A细节理解题。本题题干意为:家长应该如何鼓励他们的孩子多阅读?根据第六段第一句

(报告中分享的最给人以希望的数据清楚地证明了家长给孩子们做出榜样并在阅读上进行重

要的指导。)可知答案为A项(为他们树立榜样)。B:要求他们写读书报告;C:为他们建立读书

小组;D:和他们的阅读老师谈话。以上三项均未被提及,故全部排除。长难句

Accordingtothereportskeyfindings,“theproportionwhosaythey‘hardlyever’

readforfunhasgonefrom8percentof13-year-oldsand9percentof17-year-oldsin1984to22

percentand27percentrespectivelytoday.”根据该报告的重要发现:1984年13岁的孩子中说自

己几乎不为乐趣而读书的比例为8%,17岁的孩子的比例为9%,而现在它们的比例分别增长到2

2%和27%。本句的主干为:theproportionhasgonefrom8percentof13-year-oldsand9percentof17-year-

oldsin1984to22percentand27percentrespectivelytoday。whosaythey‘hardlyever’read

forfun为定语从句,先行词为theproportion。高级语块

1.commonsense常识2.declinen.削减3.datan.数据Passage3(2018课标全国Ⅰ,B)词数:264Good

Morning

BritainsSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole—showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritious

mealsonatightbudget.InSave

Money:Good

Food,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMatt

Tebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder￡5per

familyaday.AndtheGood

Morning

Britainpresentersaysshesbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe

slearntintopracticeinherownhome,preparingmealsforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,andJack,11.“WeloveMexicanchurros,soIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestau-

rant,”sheexplains.“Ipay￡5foraportion(一份),butMattmakesthemfor26paportion,be-

causetheyareflour,water,sugarandoil.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood,butsometimeswere

notawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfoodourselves.”Theeight-partseries(系列节目),Save

Money:Good

Food,followsinthefootstepsofITVsSave

Money:Good

Health,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealth

productsonthemarket.Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeachweek.IntonightsEasterspecialtheycometotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomede-

liciousinspirationonabudget.Theteamtransformsthefamilyslongweekendofcelebrationwith

lessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.1.WhatdoweknowaboutSusannaReid?A.Sheenjoysembarrassingherguests.B.Shehasstartedanewprogramme.C.Shedislikesworkingearlyinthemorning.D.Shehashadatightbudgetforherfamily.2.HowdoesMattTebbutthelpSusanna?A.Hebuyscookingmaterialsforher.B.Hepreparesfoodforherkids.C.Heassistsherincookingmatters.D.Heinvitesguestfamiliesforher.3.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph4?A.Summarizethepreviousparagraphs.B.Providesomeadviceforthereaders.C.Addsomebackgroundinformation.D.Introduceanewtopicfordiscussion.4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.KeepingFitbyEatingSmartB.BalancingOurDailyDietC.MakingYourselfaPerfectChefD.CookingWellforLess答案[语篇解读]本文介绍了英国节目主持人SusannaReid创办的一档新节目Save

Money:Good

Food的相关情况。1.B细节理解题。根据第一段的butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole可知,她创办了

一档新节目,故选B项。2.C推理判断题。根据第二段第一句话(在节目Save

Money:Good

Food中,她每周拜访一个不

同的家庭,并且在厨师MattTebbutt的帮助下在准备每个家庭每天低于5英镑的食谱时提供如何减少食物浪费的很好的建议)可知,MattTebbutt在做饭方面帮助了Susanna,故选C项。3.C推理判断题。文章前三段主要介绍了新节目Save

Money:Good

Food的相关情况,而第四

段介绍了它和节目Save

Money:Good

Health的关系。由此推断本段主要补充这一节目的背景

知识,故选C项。4.D主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章介绍了英国节目主持人SusannaReid通过创办新节目

Save

Money:Good

Food教给观众如何花更少的钱制作更美味的食物。故选D项。长难句

Theeight-partseries,Save

Money:Good

Food,followsinthefootstepsofITVsSave

Money:Good

Health,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealth

productsonthemarket.由八部分组成的系列节目Save

Money:Good

Food仿效ITV的节目Save

Money:Good

Health,它给观众提供了如何从市场上各种各样的健康产品中获得价值的建议。本句的主干为Theeight-partseriesfollowsinthefootstepsofITVsSave

Money:Good

Health。

句中Save

Money:Good

Food为同位语,which引导定语从句,先行词为Save

Money:Good

Health,

which在从句中作主语;另外,在定语从句中howtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthprod-

uctsonthemarket作介词on的宾语。Passage4(2018课标全国Ⅲ,B)词数:312Citiesusuallyhaveagoodreasonforbeingwheretheyare,likeanearbyportorriver.Peoplesettle

intheseplacesbecausetheyareeasytogettoandnaturallysuitedtocommunicationsandtrade.

NewYorkCity,forexample,isnearalargeharbouratthemouthoftheHudsonRiver.Over300

yearsitspopulationgrewgraduallyfrom800peopleto8million.Butnotallcitiesdevelopslowly

overalongperiodoftime.Boomtownsgrowfromnothingalmostovernight.In1896,Dawson,

Canada,wasunmappedwilderness(荒野).Butgoldwasdiscoveredtherein1897,andtwoyears

later,itwasoneofthelargestcitiesintheWest,withapopulationof30,000.DawsondidnothaveanyofthenaturalconveniencesofcitieslikeLondonorParis.Peoplewent

thereforgold.Theytravelledoversnow-coveredmountainsandsailedhundredsofmilesupicy

rivers.ThepathtoDawsonwascoveredwiththirtyfeetofwetsnowthatcouldfallwithoutwarn-

ing.Anavalanche(雪崩)onceclosedthepath,killing63people.FormanywhomadeittoDawson,

however,therewardswereworththedifficulttrip.Ofthefirst20,000peoplewhodugforgold,4,

000gotrich.About100ofthesestayedrichmenfortherestoftheirlives.Butnomatterhowrichtheywere,Dawsonwasnevercomfortable.Necessitieslikefoodandwood

wereveryexpensive.Butsoon,thegoldthatDawsondependedonhadallbeenfound.Thecity

wascrowdedwithdisappointedpeoplewithnointerestinsettlingdown,andwhentheyheardthere

werenewgolddiscoveriesinAlaska,theyleftDawsonCityasquicklyastheyhadcome.Today,

peoplestillcomeandgo—toseewheretheCanadiangoldrushhappened.Tourismisnowthe

chiefindustryofDawsonCity—itspresentpopulationis762.1.WhatattractedtheearlysettlerstoNewYorkCity?A.Itsbusinessculture.B.Itssmallpopulation.C.Itsgeographicalposition.D.Itsfavourableclimate.2.WhatdoweknowaboutthosewhofirstdugforgoldinDawson?A.Two-thirdsofthemstayedthere.B.Oneoutoffivepeoplegotrich.C.Almosteveryonegaveup.D.Halfofthemdied.3.WhatwasthemainreasonformanypeopletoleaveDawson?A.Theyfoundthecitytoocrowded.B.Theywantedtotrytheirluckelsewhere.C.Theywereunabletostandthewinter.D.Theywereshortoffood.4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Theriseandfallofacity.B.ThegoldrushinCanada.C.Journeysintothewilderness.D.TourisminDawson.答案[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文,题材为城市环境类。城市的兴起壮大,城市的兴起又衰落,这

背后的原因是什么呢?本文以纽约和道森两个城市为例,给出了隐藏在背后的真正推手。1.C推理判断题。题干句意:是什么吸引那些早期定居者来到纽约市的呢?根据第一段第三句话(例如纽约市,它在哈得孙河入海口的一个大港口附近。)并结合第四句可知,这个优越的

地理位置使得纽约市的人口在300年的时间里从800增长到800万。所以答案为C项:它的地理

位置。A项:它的贸易文化。B项:它的稀少的人口。D项:它的宜人气候。这三项原文均未提及。2.B细节理解题。题干句意:对那些第一批到达道森市淘金的人我们了解到了什么?根据第

二段倒数第二句话(在第一批淘金的20,000人中,有4,000人富了起来。)可知有五分之一的人

富了起来,故B项正确。3.B推理判断题。题干句意:很多人离开道森的主要原因是什么?根据第三段第四句话第一

个逗号后的部分(当他们听说在阿拉斯加州发现了新的金矿后,他们就像当初匆忙来道森市一

样,又匆忙离开了这里)可推断出这些人匆匆忙忙离开这里去阿拉斯加州淘金去了,又去碰运

气看能不能变富。B项“他们想去别的地方碰运气。”与原文意思相符。A项:他们觉得这个

城市太拥挤了。C项:他们无法忍受这里的冬天。D项:他们缺少食物。这三项与原文不符。4.A主旨大意题。文章第一段第一句话提出观点:一个城市之所以矗立在那里是有充分的原

因的。后文以两个城市为例来论证这个观点。纽约市的兴起是因为它优越的地理位置。道森市的兴起是因为这里发现了金矿,而这座城市的衰落是因为这里没有了金矿。由此可知本

文主要描述了一个城市的兴起和衰落及其背后的原因。这与A项相符。B项:加拿大的淘金

热。C项:踏进荒野的旅程。D项:道森的旅游业。这三项都不是主题。长难句Thecitywascrowdedwithdisappointedpeoplewithnointerestinsettlingdown,and

whentheyheardtherewerenewgolddiscoveriesinAlaska,theyleftDawsonCityasquicklyas

theyhadcome.这个城市里挤满了失望的人群,他们对定居下来没有一点儿兴趣。当他们听说

在阿拉斯加州发现了新的金矿后,他们就像当初匆忙来到道森市一样又匆忙离开了这里。第一个逗号后的并列连词and连接前后两个并列分句。第一个分句是一个简单句,with短语作

定语修饰people。第二个分句中,when引导的是时间状语从句,theyleftDawsonCityasquickly

astheyhadcome是句子的主句,as...as引导比较状语从句。高级语块

1.settlein安顿下来2.graduallyadv.逐渐地;慢慢地3.conveniencen.便利的事物(或设施)4.makeitto成功到达Passage5(2017课标全国Ⅱ,C)词数:317TerrafugiaInc.saidMondaythatitsnewflyingcarhascompleteditsfirstflight,bringingthecom-

panyclosertoitsgoalofsellingtheflyingcarwithinthenextyear.Thevehicle—namedtheTran-

sition—hastwoseats,fourwheelsandwingsthatfoldupsoitcanbedrivenlikeacar.TheTransi-

tion,whichflewat1,400feetforeightminuteslastmonth,canreacharound70milesperhouron

theroadand115intheair.Itfliesusinga23-gallontankofgasandburns5gallonsperhourinthe

air.Ontheground,itgets35milespergallon.Around100peoplehavealreadyputdowna$10,000deposittogetaTransitionwhentheygoon

sale,andthosenumberswilllikelyriseafterTerrafugiaintroducestheTransitiontothepubliclater

thisweekattheNewYorkAutoShow.Butdontexpectittoshowupintoomanydriveways.It

sexpectedtocost$279,000.Anditwonthelpifyourestuckintraffic.Thecarneedsarunway.Inventorshavebeentryingtomakeflyingcarssincethe1930s,accordingtoRobertMann,anair-

lineindustryexpert.ButMannthinksTerrafugiahascomecloserthananyonetomakingtheflyingcarareality.Thegovernmenthasalreadypermittedthecompanytousespecialmaterialstomake

iteasierforthevehicletofly.TheTransitionisnowgoingthroughcrashteststomakesureit

meetsfederalsafetystandards.MannsaidTerrafugiawashelpedbytheFederalAviationAdministrationsdecisionfiveyearsago

tocreateaseparatesetofstandardsforlightsportaircraft,whicharelowerthanthoseforpilotsof

largerplanes.Terrafugiasaysanownerwouldneedtopassatestandcomplete20hoursofflying

timetobeabletoflytheTransition,arequirementpilotswouldfindrelativelyeasytomeet.1.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.ThebasicdataoftheTransition.B.Theadvantagesofflyingcars.C.Thepotentialmarketforflyingcars.D.ThedesignersoftheTransition.2.WhyistheTransitionunlikelytoshowupintoomanydriveways?A.Itcausestrafficjams.

B.Itisdifficulttooperate.C.Itisveryexpensive.

D.Itburnstoomuchfuel.3.Whatisthegovernmentsattitudetothedevelopmentoftheflyingcar?A.Cautious.

B.Favorable.C.Ambiguous.

D.Disapproving.4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.FlyingCaratAutoShowB.TheTransitionsFirstFlightC.Pilots

DreamComingTrueD.FlyingCarClosertoReality答案[语篇解读]本文为说明文,介绍了一种新型的能飞的汽车。1.A主旨大意题。第一段中详细介绍了这种能飞行的汽车的资料:两个座位、四个轮子、上

个月在1,400英尺的高空飞行了8分钟、速度是大约每小时70英里、空中速度115英里以及油

耗。所以第一段主要介绍了这种汽车的基本资料,答案为A项。2.C推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Butdontexpectittoshowupintoomanydriveways.It

sexpectedtocost$279,000.”可推断出,这种汽车不可能在路上大量出现的原因是这种汽车

的价格昂贵。所以答案为C项。3.B推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Thegovernmenthasalreadypermittedthecompanyto

use...”可知,政府已经许可这个公司使用特殊材料让这种车更容易飞起来,由此推断出政府的

态度是支持的,所以答案为B项。4.D主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句话“...bringingthecompanyclosertoitsgoalofselling

theflyingcarwithinthenextyear.”以及后文对这种汽车的现状和远景的详细描述可推断出本

文的主题应该是:飞行汽车接近现实。所以答案为D项。A、B两项是文中的某个细节,不是主

题;C项与本文内容无关。长难句

MannsaidTerrafugiawashelpedbytheFederalAviationAdministrationsdecisionfive

yearsagotocreateaseparatesetofstandardsforlightsportaircraft,whicharelowerthanthose

forpilotsoflargerplanes.Mann说Terrafugia公司得益于联邦航空管理局五年前为轻型运动飞

行器单独创造一套标准的决定,这些标准比较大的飞机的飞行员的标准低。本句为复合句。said后为宾语从句,从句的引导词that省略;which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰

先行词standards。高级语块

1.foldup折叠;叠起2.depositn.存款;订金3.showup出现;露面4.bestuckin被困在……中5.gothrough经历;经受Passage6(2017课标全国Ⅰ,C)词数:325SomeoftheworldsmostfamousmusiciansrecentlygatheredinParisandNewOrleanstocele-

bratethefirstannualInternationalJazzDay.UNESCO(UnitedNationsEducational,Scientificand

CulturalOrganization)recentlysetApril30asadaytoraiseawarenessofjazzmusic,itssignifi-

cance,anditspotentialasaunifying(联合)voiceacrosscultures.Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU.S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.ItsJasonMoransjobtohelpchangethat.AstheKennedyCentersartisticadviserforjazz,Moranhopestowidentheaudienceforjazz,makethemusicmoreaccessible,andpreserveitshis-

toryandculture.“JazzseemslikeitsnotreallyapartoftheAmericanappetite,”MorantellsNationalPublicRa-

diosreporterNealConan.“WhatImhopingtoaccomplishisthatmygenerationandyounger

starttoreconsiderandunderstandthatjazzisnotblackandwhiteanymore.Itsactuallycolor,and

itsactuallydigital.”Moransaysoneoftheproblemswithjazztodayisthattheentertainmentaspectofthemusichas

beenlost.“Themusiccantbepresentedtodaythewayitwasin1908or1958.Ithastocontinue

tomove,becausethewaytheworldworksisnotthesame,”saysMoran.Lastyear,MoranworkedonaprojectthatarrangedFatsWallersmusicforadanceparty,“justto

kindofputitbackinthemindthatWallerisdancemusicasmuchasitisconcertmusic,”says

Moran.“Forme,itstherecontextualization.Inmusic,wheredoestheemotion(情感)lie?Arewe,ashumans,gaininganyinsight(感悟)onhowtotalkaboutourselvesandhowsomethingasabstract

asaCharlieParkerrecordgetsusintoadialogueaboutouremotionsandourthoughts?Sometimes

welosesightthatthemusichasawidercontext,”saysMoran,“soIwanttocontinuethosedia-

logues.ThosearethethingsIwanttofoster.”1.WhydidUNESCOsetApril30asInternationalJazzDay?A.Torememberthebirthofjazz.B.Toprotectculturaldiversity.C.Toencouragepeopletostudymusic.D.Torecognizethevalueofjazz.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph3referto?A.Jazzbecomingmoreaccessible.B.Theproductionofjazzgrowingfaster.C.Jazzbeinglesspopularwiththeyoung.D.Thejazzaudiencebecominglarger.3.WhatcanweinferaboutMoransopiniononjazz?A.Itwilldisappeargradually.B.Itremainsblackandwhite.C.Itshouldkeepupwiththetimes.D.Itchangesevery50years.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ExploringtheFutureofJazzB.TheRiseandFallofJazzC.TheStoryofaJazzMusicianD.CelebratingtheJazzDay答案[语篇解读]本文为说明文。联合国教科文组织把4月30日定为国际爵士乐日,以此提高人们

对爵士乐的认识,突出它的重要性。1.D细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话“...toraiseawarenessofjazzmusic,itssignifi-cance,and...”可知,联合国教科文组织把这一天定为国际爵士乐日是为了提高人们对爵士乐的

认识,突出它的重要性,即让人们认可它的价值,所以答案为D项。2.C推理判断题。根据第二段中的描述:在美国爵士乐的观众越来越少,年纪也越来越大,这

种音乐和年轻一代失去了联系。改变这一点正是JasonMoran的工作。由此可知答案为C项。3.C推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Ithastocontinuetomove,because...”可知,Moran认为

爵士乐需要不断地前进,因为当今的世界和以前已经不一样了。由此推断出Moran对爵士乐

的看法应该是:爵士乐应该跟上时代的脚步。所以答案为C项。4.A主旨大意题。第一段作者提到为了让人们认可爵士乐的价值而设立了国际爵士乐日;后

面描述了爵士乐的现状,指出了为什么现在的年轻人不接受它;再结合最后一段中的“soI

wanttocontinuethosedialogues.ThosearethethingsIwanttofoster.”可知,本文的主题就是探

索爵士乐的未来,答案为A项。高级语块

1.gainv.获得;赢得;得到2.abstractadj.抽象的Passage7(2017课标全国Ⅲ,D)词数:324TheIntelligentTransportteamatNewcastleUniversityhaveturnedanelectriccarintoamobile

laboratorynamed“DriveLAB”inordertounderstandthechallengesfacedbyolderdriversand

todiscoverwherethekeystresspointsare.Researchshowsthatgivingupdrivingisoneofthekeyreasonsforafallinhealthandwell-being

amongolderpeople,leadingtothembecomingmoreisolated(隔绝)andinactive.LedbyProfessorPhilBlythe,theNewcastleteamaredevelopingin-vehicletechnologiesforolder

driverswhichtheyhopecouldhelpthemtocontinuedrivingintolaterlife.Theseincludecustom-madenavigation(导航)tools,nightvisionsystemsandintelligentspeed

adaptations.PhilBlytheexplains:“Formanyolderpeople,particularlythoselivingaloneorinthe

country,drivingisimportantforpreservingtheirindependence,givingthemthefreedomtoget

outandaboutwithouthavingtorelyonothers.”“Butweallhavetoacceptthataswegetolderourreactionsslowdownandthisoftenresultsin

peopleavoidinganypotentiallychallengingdrivingconditionsandlosingconfidenceintheirdriv-ingskills.Theresultisthatpeoplestopdrivingbeforetheyreallyneedto.“DrAmyGuo,theleadingresearcherontheolderdriverstudy,explains:“TheDriveLABishelp-

ingustounderstandwhatthekeystresspointsanddifficultiesareforolderdriversandhowwe

mightusetechnologytoaddresstheseproblems.”“Forexample,mostofuswouldexpectolderdriversalwaysgoslowerthaneveryoneelsebut

surprisingly,wefoundthatin30mphzonestheystruggledtokeepataconstantspeedandsowere

morelikelytobreakthespeedlimitandbeatriskofgettingfined.Werelookingatthebenefitsof

systemswhichcontroltheirspeedasawayofpreventingthat.”“Wehopethatourworkwillhelpwithtechnologicalsolutions(解决方案)toensurethatolder

driversstaysaferbehindthewheel.”1.WhatisthepurposeoftheDriveLAB?A.Toexplorenewmeansoftransport.B.Todesignnewtypesofcars.C.Tofindoutolderdrivers

problems.D.Toteachpeopletrafficrules.2.WhyisdrivingimportantforolderpeopleaccordingtoPhilBlythe?A.Itkeepsthemindependent.B.Ithelpsthemsavetime.C.Itbuildsuptheirstrength.D.Itcurestheirmentalillnesses.3.Whatdoresearchershopetodoforolderdrivers?A.Improvetheirdrivingskills.B.Developdriver-assisttechnologies.C.Providetipsonrepairingtheircars.D.Organizeregularphysicalcheckups.4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ANewModelElectricCarB.ASolutiontoTrafficProblemsC.DrivingServicesforEldersD.KeepingOlderDriversontheRoad答案[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究人员为了理解老年司机面临的生活挑战和

压力而进行的一项研究。他们想通过研究,找到一套切实可行的技术方案,以延长老年人的开

车时间,确保他们的开车安全。1.C细节理解题。由第一段中的inordertounderstandthechallengesfacedbyolderdrivers和

第六段中的ishelpingustounderstandwhatthekeystresspointsanddifficultiesareforolder

drivers可知,答案选C。2.A细节理解题。根据第四段第二句中的preservingtheirindependence可以得知A项正确。3.B细节理解题。由文章第三段和最后一段可知,研究人员希望他们可以研究出一套技术方

案,帮助老年司机继续安全开车,故选B。4.D主旨大意题。由第三段最后一句话中的helpthemtocontinuedrivingintolaterlife可知答

案选D。长难句Butweallhavetoacceptthataswegetolderourreactionsslowdownandthisoftenre-

sultsinpeopleavoidinganypotentiallychallengingdrivingconditionsandlosingconfidencein

theirdrivingskills.但我们都不得不承认,随着我们变老,我们的反应就慢下来,这经常造成人们

回避那些具有潜在挑战性的驾驶状况并失去对他们的驾驶技能的信心。这是一个并列复合句。第一个分句中,that引导的是宾语从句,从句中aswegetolder是时间状

语从句;第一个and是并列连词,连接两个并列的分句。第二个分句的主语是this,谓语是resultsin。高级语块

preservev.保持Passage8(2016课标全国Ⅱ,C)

词数:254Readingcanbeasocialactivity.Thinkofthepeoplewhobelongtobookgroups.Theychoose

bookstoreadandthenmeettodiscussthem.Now,thewebsiteBookCturnsthepage

onthetraditionalideaofabookgroup.Membersgoonthesiteandregisterthebookstheyownandwouldliketoshare.BookCrossingprovidesanidentificationnumbertostickinsidethebook.Thenthepersonleavesitinapublic

place,hopingtha